Articles | Volume 15, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2183-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2183-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
DINCAE 2.0: multivariate convolutional neural network with error estimates to reconstruct sea surface temperature satellite and altimetry observations
GHER, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Aida Alvera-Azcárate
GHER, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Charles Troupin
GHER, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
Jean-Marie Beckers
GHER, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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- Enhanced Reconstruction of Satellite-Derived Monthly Chlorophyll a Concentration With Fourier Transform Convolutional-LSTM S. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3394399
- Estimation of daytime all-sky sea surface temperature from Himawari-8 based on multilayer stacking machine learning H. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.104055
- CRITER 1.0: a coarse reconstruction with iterative refinement network for sparse spatio-temporal satellite data M. Zupančič Muc et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5549-2025
- Reconstruction Methods in Oceanographic Satellite Data Observation—A Survey L. Ćatipović et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020340
- Applications of deep learning in physical oceanography: a comprehensive review Q. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1396322
- Spatial-Temporal Data Mining for Ocean Science: Data, Methodologies and Opportunities H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1145/3748259
- Reconstructing long-term global satellite-based soil moisture data using deep learning method Y. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1130853
- Ensemble reconstruction of missing satellite data using a denoising diffusion model: application to chlorophyll a concentration in the Black Sea A. Barth et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1567-2024
- Synthesizing Sea Surface Temperature and Satellite Altimetry Observations Using Deep Learning Improves the Accuracy and Resolution of Gridded Sea Surface Height Anomalies S. Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022MS003589
- DINCoDE: A Data Interpolation Network With a Collaborative Dual Encoder for Reconstructing Missing Sea Surface Temperature Data X. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3638341
- Self-Supervised Spatiotemporal Imputation Model for Highly Sparse Chl-a Data via Fusing Multisource Satellite Data S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3440912
- Global Daily Column Average CO2 at 0.1° × 0.1° Spatial Resolution Integrating OCO-3, GOSAT, CAMS with EOF and Deep Learning F. Antezana Lopez et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04135-w
- Evaluation of Chlorophyll-a estimation using Sentinel 3 based on various algorithms in southern coastal Vietnam N. Binh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2022.102951
- Deep learning-based gap filling for near real-time seamless daily global sea surface salinity using satellite observations E. Jang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.104029
- DAT-Net: Filling of missing temperature values of meteorological stations by data augmentation attention neural network X. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2816/1/012004
- Dynamic masking for chlorophyll-a reconstruction in the Bohai and Yellow Sea: dataset generation and trend analysis J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae5766
- Robust daily satellite sea surface salinity reconstruction using deep learning in low-salinity coastal regions S. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118462
- Deep learning for sea surface temperature reconstruction under cloud occlusion A. Asperti et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2026.105038
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- Key factors for quantitative precipitation nowcasting using ground weather radar data based on deep learning D. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5895-2023
- Physically-aware deep learning for reconstructing gap-free sea surface temperature in the South China Sea C. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2026.04.016
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- A deep learning approach for coastal downscaling: The northern Adriatic Sea case-study F. Adobbati et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2025.102581
- HIDRA-D: deep-learning model for dense sea level forecasting using sparse altimetry and tide gauge data M. Rus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2177-2026
- Gap-Filling of Highly Incomplete Daily Chlorophyll-a Remote Sensing Time-Series Data Over the Eastern China Seas via Spatiotemporal-Periodicity Aware Tensor Completion G. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3668244
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- MAESSTRO: Masked Autoencoders for Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction under Occlusion E. Goh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-1309-2024
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- Resilient Anomaly Detection in Ocean Drifters with Unsupervised Learning, Deep Learning Models, and Energy-Efficient Recovery C. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans7010005
- Empirical Function Method: A Precise Approach for Filling Data Gaps in Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Imagery G. Zheng & X. Li https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3335940
- A Review of Machine Learning Applications in Ocean Color Remote Sensing Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17101776
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
Earth-observing satellites provide routine measurement of several ocean parameters. However, these datasets have a significant amount of missing data due to the presence of clouds or other limitations of the employed sensors. This paper describes a method to infer the value of the missing satellite data based on a convolutional autoencoder (a specific type of neural network architecture). The technique also provides a reliable error estimate of the interpolated value.
Earth-observing satellites provide routine measurement of several ocean parameters. However,...