Articles | Volume 14, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5731-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5731-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Nemo-Nordic 2.0: operational marine forecast model for the Baltic Sea
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Patrik Ljungemyr
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
Saeed Falahat
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
Ida Ringgaard
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Lars Axell
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
Vasily Korabel
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Jens Murawski
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Ilja Maljutenko
Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Anja Lindenthal
Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Hamburg, Germany
Simon Jandt-Scheelke
Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Hamburg, Germany
Svetlana Verjovkina
Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Ina Lorkowski
Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Hamburg, Germany
Priidik Lagemaa
Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
Jun She
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Laura Tuomi
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Adam Nord
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
Vibeke Huess
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cited
40 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wakes from offshore wind farms reduce simulated energy fluxes across the surface of the Baltic Sea A. Twelves et al.
- HOTSSea v1: a NEMO-based physical Hindcast of the Salish Sea (1980–2018) supporting ecosystem model development G. Oldford et al.
- Hidden seafloor hypoxia in coastal waters J. Fredriksson et al.
- Transformation processes in the Oder Lagoon as seen from a model perspective T. Neumann et al.
- A large-scale high-resolution numerical model for sea-ice fragmentation dynamics J. Åström et al.
- Accurate Mediterranean Sea forecasting via graph-based deep learning D. Holmberg et al.
- sciCUN: A deep learning model for daily sea surface current fields inference—A case study of the Gulf of Riga A. Barzandeh et al.
- Water exchange in the Baltic Sea: a historical view of research approaches from basin scales to submesoscale J. Elken & A. Omstedt
- A data mining method for automatic identification and analysis of icebreaker assistance operation in ice-covered waters C. Liu et al.
- Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-II: Gap Analysis and Recommendations J. Schulz-Stellenfleth et al.
- Uncertainties and discrepancies in the representation of recent storm surges in a non-tidal semi-enclosed basin: a hindcast ensemble for the Baltic Sea M. Lorenz & U. Gräwe
- Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters M. Mohrmann et al.
- Efficient Optimization of a Regional Water Elevation Model With an Automatically Generated Adjoint T. Kärnä et al.
- Reconstruction of Baltic Gridded Sea Levels from Tide Gauge and Altimetry Observations Using Spatiotemporal Statistics from Reanalysis J. Elken et al.
- Iterative data assimilation approach for the refinement of marine geoid models using sea surface height and dynamic topography datasets S. Varbla & A. Ellmann
- Surface wave impacts on turbulent roughness length parameterization V. Haapaniemi et al.
- Sea surface circulation in the Baltic Sea: decomposed components and pattern recognition A. Barzandeh et al.
- NEMO-Bohai 1.0: a high-resolution ocean and sea ice modelling system for the Bohai Sea, China Y. Yan et al.
- Systematic Literature Review of Various Neural Network Techniques for Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Using Remote Sensing Data L. Chaudhary et al.
- Refined estimates of water transport through the Åland Sea in the Baltic Sea A. Westerlund et al.
- Quantification of hydrodynamic model sea level bias utilizing deep learning and synergistic integration of data sources V. Jahanmard et al.
- Variability of saltwater flow in the Hoburg Channel, Baltic Sea: in situ measurements vs NEMO modelling V. Paka et al.
- Characteristics and Chronology of Baltic Inflows in October and December 2023 According to NEMO Reanalysis — Virtual Cruise V. Paka et al.
- Wind-driven salinity tongue migration in the Gulf of Finland according to NEMO and ERA5 reanalyses V. Zhurbas et al.
- Examining the performance of along-track multi-mission satellite altimetry – A case study for Sentinel-6 L. Heinoja et al.
- Sea ice in the Baltic Sea during 1993/94–2020/21 ice seasons from satellite observations and model reanalysis S. Singh et al.
- Phase-field chemo-mechanical modelling of corrosion-induced cracking in reinforced concrete subjected to non-uniform chloride-induced corrosion E. Korec et al.
- Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6
- Transport dynamics in a complex coastal archipelago E. Miettunen et al.
- Treatment of Tide Gauge Time Series and Marine GNSS Measurements for Vertical Land Motion with Relevance to the Implementation of the Baltic Sea Chart Datum 2000 S. Varbla et al.
- An Initial Field Intelligent Correcting Algorithm for Numerical Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Networks under the Conditions of Limited Observations: Part I—Focusing on Ocean Temperature K. Mao et al.
- Application of the HIDRA2 deep-learning model for sea level forecasting along the Estonian coast of the Baltic Sea A. Barzandeh et al.
- Towards realistic dynamic topography from coast to offshore by incorporating hydrodynamic and geoid models V. Jahanmard et al.
- Quantification of Baltic sea water budget components using dynamic topography V. Jahanmard et al.
- Reconstructing hourly coastal total sea levels and assessing current and future extreme sea levels threats to the Coast of China P. Liu et al.
- How does assimilating satellite SSTs affected by strong diurnal warming impact higher latitude ocean forecasts? S. Iversen et al.
- Applicability of Copernicus marine service products for the eutrophication status assessment of the Baltic Sea O. Samlas et al.
- Shipborne GNSS-Determined Sea Surface Heights Using Geoid Model and Realistic Dynamic Topography S. Varbla et al.
- An ocean–wave–trajectory forecasting system for the eastern Baltic Sea: Validation against drifting buoys and implementation for oil spill modeling S. Pärt et al.
- On Approaches to Improving the Description of North Sea Water Inflows in the General Circulation Models of the Baltic Sea R. Vankevich et al.
40 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Wakes from offshore wind farms reduce simulated energy fluxes across the surface of the Baltic Sea A. Twelves et al.
- HOTSSea v1: a NEMO-based physical Hindcast of the Salish Sea (1980–2018) supporting ecosystem model development G. Oldford et al.
- Hidden seafloor hypoxia in coastal waters J. Fredriksson et al.
- Transformation processes in the Oder Lagoon as seen from a model perspective T. Neumann et al.
- A large-scale high-resolution numerical model for sea-ice fragmentation dynamics J. Åström et al.
- Accurate Mediterranean Sea forecasting via graph-based deep learning D. Holmberg et al.
- sciCUN: A deep learning model for daily sea surface current fields inference—A case study of the Gulf of Riga A. Barzandeh et al.
- Water exchange in the Baltic Sea: a historical view of research approaches from basin scales to submesoscale J. Elken & A. Omstedt
- A data mining method for automatic identification and analysis of icebreaker assistance operation in ice-covered waters C. Liu et al.
- Fit-for-Purpose Information for Offshore Wind Farming Applications—Part-II: Gap Analysis and Recommendations J. Schulz-Stellenfleth et al.
- Uncertainties and discrepancies in the representation of recent storm surges in a non-tidal semi-enclosed basin: a hindcast ensemble for the Baltic Sea M. Lorenz & U. Gräwe
- Nord Stream methane leaks spread across 14% of Baltic waters M. Mohrmann et al.
- Efficient Optimization of a Regional Water Elevation Model With an Automatically Generated Adjoint T. Kärnä et al.
- Reconstruction of Baltic Gridded Sea Levels from Tide Gauge and Altimetry Observations Using Spatiotemporal Statistics from Reanalysis J. Elken et al.
- Iterative data assimilation approach for the refinement of marine geoid models using sea surface height and dynamic topography datasets S. Varbla & A. Ellmann
- Surface wave impacts on turbulent roughness length parameterization V. Haapaniemi et al.
- Sea surface circulation in the Baltic Sea: decomposed components and pattern recognition A. Barzandeh et al.
- NEMO-Bohai 1.0: a high-resolution ocean and sea ice modelling system for the Bohai Sea, China Y. Yan et al.
- Systematic Literature Review of Various Neural Network Techniques for Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Using Remote Sensing Data L. Chaudhary et al.
- Refined estimates of water transport through the Åland Sea in the Baltic Sea A. Westerlund et al.
- Quantification of hydrodynamic model sea level bias utilizing deep learning and synergistic integration of data sources V. Jahanmard et al.
- Variability of saltwater flow in the Hoburg Channel, Baltic Sea: in situ measurements vs NEMO modelling V. Paka et al.
- Characteristics and Chronology of Baltic Inflows in October and December 2023 According to NEMO Reanalysis — Virtual Cruise V. Paka et al.
- Wind-driven salinity tongue migration in the Gulf of Finland according to NEMO and ERA5 reanalyses V. Zhurbas et al.
- Examining the performance of along-track multi-mission satellite altimetry – A case study for Sentinel-6 L. Heinoja et al.
- Sea ice in the Baltic Sea during 1993/94–2020/21 ice seasons from satellite observations and model reanalysis S. Singh et al.
- Phase-field chemo-mechanical modelling of corrosion-induced cracking in reinforced concrete subjected to non-uniform chloride-induced corrosion E. Korec et al.
- Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6
- Transport dynamics in a complex coastal archipelago E. Miettunen et al.
- Treatment of Tide Gauge Time Series and Marine GNSS Measurements for Vertical Land Motion with Relevance to the Implementation of the Baltic Sea Chart Datum 2000 S. Varbla et al.
- An Initial Field Intelligent Correcting Algorithm for Numerical Forecasting Based on Artificial Neural Networks under the Conditions of Limited Observations: Part I—Focusing on Ocean Temperature K. Mao et al.
- Application of the HIDRA2 deep-learning model for sea level forecasting along the Estonian coast of the Baltic Sea A. Barzandeh et al.
- Towards realistic dynamic topography from coast to offshore by incorporating hydrodynamic and geoid models V. Jahanmard et al.
- Quantification of Baltic sea water budget components using dynamic topography V. Jahanmard et al.
- Reconstructing hourly coastal total sea levels and assessing current and future extreme sea levels threats to the Coast of China P. Liu et al.
- How does assimilating satellite SSTs affected by strong diurnal warming impact higher latitude ocean forecasts? S. Iversen et al.
- Applicability of Copernicus marine service products for the eutrophication status assessment of the Baltic Sea O. Samlas et al.
- Shipborne GNSS-Determined Sea Surface Heights Using Geoid Model and Realistic Dynamic Topography S. Varbla et al.
- An ocean–wave–trajectory forecasting system for the eastern Baltic Sea: Validation against drifting buoys and implementation for oil spill modeling S. Pärt et al.
- On Approaches to Improving the Description of North Sea Water Inflows in the General Circulation Models of the Baltic Sea R. Vankevich et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 14 May 2026
Short summary
We present Nemo-Nordic 2.0, a novel operational marine model for the Baltic Sea. The model covers the Baltic Sea and the North Sea with approximately 1 nmi resolution. We validate the model's performance against sea level, water temperature, and salinity observations, as well as sea ice charts. The skill analysis demonstrates that Nemo-Nordic 2.0 can reproduce the hydrographic features of the Baltic Sea.
We present Nemo-Nordic 2.0, a novel operational marine model for the Baltic Sea. The model...
Special issue