Articles | Volume 14, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3295-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3295-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
04 Jun 2021
Development and technical paper |
| 04 Jun 2021
| 04 Jun 2021
InundatEd-v1.0: a height above nearest drainage (HAND)-based flood risk modeling system using a discrete global grid system
Chiranjib Chaudhuri
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Geography and Environmental
Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
Annie Gray
Department of Geography and Environmental
Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
Colin Robertson
Department of Geography and Environmental
Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
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Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Shape distortion analysis of hexagonal discrete global grid systems based on standard deviation of neighbor distance Z. Xin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104660
- Rapid flood modelling using HAND-FFA-SRC coupled approach and social media-based geodata in a coastal Chinese watershed L. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105862
- Geovisualization of Hydrological Flow in Hexagonal Grid Systems M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020016
- Cost-benefit analysis of local knowledge-based flood adaptation measures: A case study of Datian community in Zhejiang Province, China X. Lai et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103573
- Drivers of global irrigation expansion: the role of discrete global grid choice S. Wagner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5049-2024
- A comprehensive web-based system for flood inundation map generation and comparative analysis based on height above nearest drainage Z. Li & I. Demir https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154420
- Accounting for uncertainty in real-time flood inundation mapping using HAND model: Iowa case study Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05215-z
- Encoding and operation scheme for the rhombic triacontahedron aperture 4 hexagonal discrete global grid system J. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2316112
- Comprehensive Analysis of the Use of Web-GIS for Natural Hazard Management: A Systematic Review M. Daud et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104238
- Decadal SAR Evidence of Re-Encroachment into Hazardous Floodplains Following the 2020 Relocation Policy in Beledweyne, Somalia I. Heo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18147060
- GIS derived synthetic rating curves and HAND model to support on-the-fly flood mapping B. Scriven et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04892-6
- Flash Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Digital-Era Governance Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and GIS Spatial Analyses Case Study: Small River Basins Ș. Bilașco et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102481
- Flood plain inundation modeling with explicit description of land surface macrostructures S. Pizzileo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104713
- Sensitivity Analysis of Modelled Flood Inundation Extents over Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment S. Unnithan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13030067
- A reach-integrated hydraulic modelling approach for large-scale and real-time inundation mapping R. Chlumsky et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3387-2025
- Quantifying flood-pulse dynamics and associated wetland habitats for juvenile salmon in a large free-flowing river C. Chaudhuri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181038
- The HAND of flood mapping: multi-dimensional evaluation across data-rich and data-poor basins using existing maps, ground observations, and remote sensing data K. Patel et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae6236
- Development of a HAND-based flood risk assessment tool in Google Earth Engine for a data-scarce region in the US J. Thomas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102510
- Fusion of geospatial information from remote sensing and social media to prioritise rapid response actions in case of floods M. Wieland et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07120-7
- Terrain-driven flood hazard and expanding landscape exposure in agricultural watersheds: FAHP–GIS evidence from a decade of land-cover change in the Yazoo Basin R. Elabor et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105741
- Multi-Scale Flood Mapping under Climate Change Scenarios in Hexagonal Discrete Global Grids M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120627
- Suitability of the height above nearest drainage (HAND) model for flood inundation mapping in data-scarce regions: a comparative analysis with hydrodynamic models N. Thalakkottukara et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-01218-x
- Utilizing serverless framework for dynamic visualization and operations in geospatial applications M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2392835
- Area and shape distortions in open-source discrete global grid systems A. Kmoch et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2022.2094926
- MA-SARNet: A one-shot nowcasting framework for SAR image prediction with physical driving forces Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2023.10.002
- Deriving synthetic rating curves from a digital elevation model to delineate the inundated areas of small watersheds C. Gordon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101580
- Discrete global grid system-based flow routing datasets in the Amazon and Yukon basins C. Liao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2035-2025
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Shape distortion analysis of hexagonal discrete global grid systems based on standard deviation of neighbor distance Z. Xin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104660
- Rapid flood modelling using HAND-FFA-SRC coupled approach and social media-based geodata in a coastal Chinese watershed L. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105862
- Geovisualization of Hydrological Flow in Hexagonal Grid Systems M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geographies2020016
- Cost-benefit analysis of local knowledge-based flood adaptation measures: A case study of Datian community in Zhejiang Province, China X. Lai et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103573
- Drivers of global irrigation expansion: the role of discrete global grid choice S. Wagner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5049-2024
- A comprehensive web-based system for flood inundation map generation and comparative analysis based on height above nearest drainage Z. Li & I. Demir https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154420
- Accounting for uncertainty in real-time flood inundation mapping using HAND model: Iowa case study Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05215-z
- Encoding and operation scheme for the rhombic triacontahedron aperture 4 hexagonal discrete global grid system J. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2316112
- Comprehensive Analysis of the Use of Web-GIS for Natural Hazard Management: A Systematic Review M. Daud et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104238
- Decadal SAR Evidence of Re-Encroachment into Hazardous Floodplains Following the 2020 Relocation Policy in Beledweyne, Somalia I. Heo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18147060
- GIS derived synthetic rating curves and HAND model to support on-the-fly flood mapping B. Scriven et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-04892-6
- Flash Flood Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Digital-Era Governance Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and GIS Spatial Analyses Case Study: Small River Basins Ș. Bilașco et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14102481
- Flood plain inundation modeling with explicit description of land surface macrostructures S. Pizzileo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104713
- Sensitivity Analysis of Modelled Flood Inundation Extents over Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment S. Unnithan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13030067
- A reach-integrated hydraulic modelling approach for large-scale and real-time inundation mapping R. Chlumsky et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3387-2025
- Quantifying flood-pulse dynamics and associated wetland habitats for juvenile salmon in a large free-flowing river C. Chaudhuri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181038
- The HAND of flood mapping: multi-dimensional evaluation across data-rich and data-poor basins using existing maps, ground observations, and remote sensing data K. Patel et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae6236
- Development of a HAND-based flood risk assessment tool in Google Earth Engine for a data-scarce region in the US J. Thomas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2025.102510
- Fusion of geospatial information from remote sensing and social media to prioritise rapid response actions in case of floods M. Wieland et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07120-7
- Terrain-driven flood hazard and expanding landscape exposure in agricultural watersheds: FAHP–GIS evidence from a decade of land-cover change in the Yazoo Basin R. Elabor et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105741
- Multi-Scale Flood Mapping under Climate Change Scenarios in Hexagonal Discrete Global Grids M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120627
- Suitability of the height above nearest drainage (HAND) model for flood inundation mapping in data-scarce regions: a comparative analysis with hydrodynamic models N. Thalakkottukara et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-01218-x
- Utilizing serverless framework for dynamic visualization and operations in geospatial applications M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2392835
- Area and shape distortions in open-source discrete global grid systems A. Kmoch et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2022.2094926
- MA-SARNet: A one-shot nowcasting framework for SAR image prediction with physical driving forces Z. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2023.10.002
- Deriving synthetic rating curves from a digital elevation model to delineate the inundated areas of small watersheds C. Gordon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101580
- Discrete global grid system-based flow routing datasets in the Amazon and Yukon basins C. Liao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2035-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 16 Oct 2026
Short summary
A flood risk estimation model for two study watersheds in Canada and an interactive visualization platform using publicly available hydrometric data are presented. The risk model uses a height above nearest drainage (HAND)-based solution for Manning’s formula and is implemented on a big-data discrete global grid system framework. Overall, the novel data model decreases processing time and provides easy parallelization, resulting in performance gains in online flood analytics.
A flood risk estimation model for two study watersheds in Canada and an interactive...
