Articles | Volume 13, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5609-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5609-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
18 Nov 2020
Development and technical paper |
| 18 Nov 2020
| 18 Nov 2020
Multi-layer coupling between SURFEX-TEB-v9.0 and Meso-NH-v5.3 for modelling the urban climate of high-rise cities
Robert Schoetter
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, 42 avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057, CEDEX 1, Toulouse, France
Yu Ting Kwok
School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Cécile de Munck
CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, 42 avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057, CEDEX 1, Toulouse, France
Kevin Ka Lun Lau
Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Wai Kin Wong
Hong Kong Observatory, Hong Kong, China
Valéry Masson
CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, 42 avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057, CEDEX 1, Toulouse, France
Related authors
Robert Schoetter, Robin James Hogan, Cyril Caliot, and Valéry Masson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1118, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiation is relevant for the atmospheric impact on humans and infrastructure in cities since it can influence the urban heat island, building energy consumption, and human thermal comfort. A new urban radiation model assuming a more realistic form of urban morphology is coupled with the urban climate model TEB. The coupled model is evaluated using a more detailed radiation model for a variety of urban morphologies and an improvement of the most relevant urban radiation variables is found.
Christine Lac, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Valéry Masson, Jean-Pierre Pinty, Pierre Tulet, Juan Escobar, Maud Leriche, Christelle Barthe, Benjamin Aouizerats, Clotilde Augros, Pierre Aumond, Franck Auguste, Peter Bechtold, Sarah Berthet, Soline Bielli, Frédéric Bosseur, Olivier Caumont, Jean-Martial Cohard, Jeanne Colin, Fleur Couvreux, Joan Cuxart, Gaëlle Delautier, Thibaut Dauhut, Véronique Ducrocq, Jean-Baptiste Filippi, Didier Gazen, Olivier Geoffroy, François Gheusi, Rachel Honnert, Jean-Philippe Lafore, Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier, Quentin Libois, Thibaut Lunet, Céline Mari, Tomislav Maric, Patrick Mascart, Maxime Mogé, Gilles Molinié, Olivier Nuissier, Florian Pantillon, Philippe Peyrillé, Julien Pergaud, Emilie Perraud, Joris Pianezze, Jean-Luc Redelsperger, Didier Ricard, Evelyne Richard, Sébastien Riette, Quentin Rodier, Robert Schoetter, Léo Seyfried, Joël Stein, Karsten Suhre, Marie Taufour, Odile Thouron, Sandra Turner, Antoine Verrelle, Benoît Vié, Florian Visentin, Vincent Vionnet, and Philippe Wautelet
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1929–1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1929-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1929-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the Meso-NH model version 5.4, which is an atmospheric non-hydrostatic research model that is applied on synoptic to turbulent scales. The model includes advanced numerical techniques and state-of-the-art physics parameterization schemes. It has been expanded to provide capabilities for a range of Earth system prediction applications such as chemistry and aerosols, electricity and lightning, hydrology, wildland fires, volcanic eruptions, and cyclones with ocean coupling.
Robert Schoetter, Valéry Masson, Alexis Bourgeois, Margot Pellegrino, and Jean-Pierre Lévy
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2801–2831, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2801-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2801-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We enhance the urban climate model TEB to take into account for the variety of building use and human behaviour related to building energy consumption. This can improve urban climate simulations and is crucial for quantification of the impact of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in urban areas (e.g. white roofs, insulation of buildings). An evaluation for Toulouse shows that the enhanced version of TEB captures well the spatio-temporal variability of building energy consumption.
Perrine Hamel, Martí Bosch, Léa Tardieu, Aude Lemonsu, Cécile de Munck, Chris Nootenboom, Vincent Viguié, Eric Lonsdorf, James A. Douglass, and Richard P. Sharp
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4755–4771, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The InVEST Urban Cooling model estimates the cooling effect of vegetation in cities. We further developed an algorithm to facilitate model calibration and evaluation. Applying the algorithm to case studies in France and in the United States, we found that nighttime air temperature estimates compare well with reference datasets. Estimated change in temperature from a land cover scenario compares well with an alternative model estimate, supporting the use of the model for urban planning decisions.
Gabriel Colas, Valéry Masson, François Bouttier, Ludovic Bouilloud, Laura Pavan, and Virve Karsisto
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1039, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1039, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Snow-covered or icy roads increase the risk of accidents for drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists. To avoid these slippery conditions, road winter maintenance must plan their operations in advance using weather forecasts. We improved the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban climate model to simulate the dangerous road slippery conditions in cities or in remote areas. Evaluations showed that the results are promising for using TEB to inform road winter maintenance decisions.
Robert Schoetter, Robin James Hogan, Cyril Caliot, and Valéry Masson
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1118, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Radiation is relevant for the atmospheric impact on humans and infrastructure in cities since it can influence the urban heat island, building energy consumption, and human thermal comfort. A new urban radiation model assuming a more realistic form of urban morphology is coupled with the urban climate model TEB. The coupled model is evaluated using a more detailed radiation model for a variety of urban morphologies and an improvement of the most relevant urban radiation variables is found.
Erwan Jézéquel, Frédéric Blondel, and Valéry Masson
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 97–117, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-97-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-97-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wind turbine wakes affect the production and lifecycle of downstream turbines. They can be predicted with the dynamic wake meandering (DWM) method. In this paper, the authors break down the velocity and turbulence in the wake of a wind turbine into several terms. They show that it is implicitly assumed in the DWM that some of these terms are neglected. With high-fidelity simulations, it is shown that this can lead to some errors, in particular for the maximum turbulence added by the wake.
Erwan Jézéquel, Frédéric Blondel, and Valéry Masson
Wind Energ. Sci., 9, 119–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-119-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-119-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Analytical models allow us to quickly compute the decreased power output and lifetime induced by wakes in a wind farm. This is achieved by evaluating the modified velocity and turbulence in the wake. In this work, we present a new model based on the velocity and turbulence breakdowns presented in Part 1. This new model is physically based, allows us to compute the whole turbulence profile (rather than the maximum value) and is built to take atmospheric stability into account.
Mathew Lipson, Sue Grimmond, Martin Best, Winston T. L. Chow, Andreas Christen, Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Andrew Coutts, Ben Crawford, Stevan Earl, Jonathan Evans, Krzysztof Fortuniak, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Je-Woo Hong, Jinkyu Hong, Leena Järvi, Sungsoo Jo, Yeon-Hee Kim, Simone Kotthaus, Keunmin Lee, Valéry Masson, Joseph P. McFadden, Oliver Michels, Wlodzimierz Pawlak, Matthias Roth, Hirofumi Sugawara, Nigel Tapper, Erik Velasco, and Helen Claire Ward
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5157–5178, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5157-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe a new openly accessible collection of atmospheric observations from 20 cities around the world, capturing 50 site years. The observations capture local meteorology (temperature, humidity, wind, etc.) and the energy fluxes between the land and atmosphere (e.g. radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes). These observations can be used to improve our understanding of urban climate processes and to test the accuracy of urban climate models.
Jérémy Bernard, Erwan Bocher, Elisabeth Le Saux Wiederhold, François Leconte, and Valéry Masson
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 7505–7532, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7505-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-7505-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
OpenStreetMap is a collaborative project aimed at creaing a free dataset containing topographical information. Since these data are available worldwide, they can be used as standard data for geoscience studies. However, most buildings miss the height information that constitutes key data for numerous fields (urban climate, noise propagation, air pollution). In this work, the building height is estimated using statistical modeling using indicators that characterize the building's environment.
Emilie Redon, Aude Lemonsu, and Valéry Masson
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 385–399, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-385-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-385-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The TEB urban climate model simulates micrometeorological conditions from the neighborhood scale to the entire city. It has recently been improved to more realistically address the radiative effects of trees within the urban canopy. This article presents additional developments that have been made to better represent the effect of trees on heat and moisture exchange, as well as on air flow in the streets, and on thermal comfort.
Franck Auguste, Géraldine Réa, Roberto Paoli, Christine Lac, Valery Masson, and Daniel Cariolle
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2607–2633, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2607-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2607-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The numerical implementation of an immersed boundary method in the atmospheric solver Meso-NH is presented. This technique models fluid–solid interaction and allows for the simulation of urban flows by considering buildings to be part of the resolved scales. This study constitutes a first robust step towards a better understanding of the interactions between weather and cities and better predictions of such interactions.
Xenia Stavropulos-Laffaille, Katia Chancibault, Jean-Marc Brun, Aude Lemonsu, Valéry Masson, Aaron Boone, and Hervé Andrieu
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 4175–4194, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4175-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4175-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Integrating vegetation in urban planning is promoted to counter steer potential impacts of climate and demographic changes. Assessing the multiple benefits of such strategies on the urban microclimate requires a detailed coupling of both the water and energy transfers in numerical tools. In this respect, the representation of water-related processes in the urban subsoil of the existing model TEB-Veg has been improved. The new model thus allows a better evaluation of urban adaptation strategies.
Christine Lac, Jean-Pierre Chaboureau, Valéry Masson, Jean-Pierre Pinty, Pierre Tulet, Juan Escobar, Maud Leriche, Christelle Barthe, Benjamin Aouizerats, Clotilde Augros, Pierre Aumond, Franck Auguste, Peter Bechtold, Sarah Berthet, Soline Bielli, Frédéric Bosseur, Olivier Caumont, Jean-Martial Cohard, Jeanne Colin, Fleur Couvreux, Joan Cuxart, Gaëlle Delautier, Thibaut Dauhut, Véronique Ducrocq, Jean-Baptiste Filippi, Didier Gazen, Olivier Geoffroy, François Gheusi, Rachel Honnert, Jean-Philippe Lafore, Cindy Lebeaupin Brossier, Quentin Libois, Thibaut Lunet, Céline Mari, Tomislav Maric, Patrick Mascart, Maxime Mogé, Gilles Molinié, Olivier Nuissier, Florian Pantillon, Philippe Peyrillé, Julien Pergaud, Emilie Perraud, Joris Pianezze, Jean-Luc Redelsperger, Didier Ricard, Evelyne Richard, Sébastien Riette, Quentin Rodier, Robert Schoetter, Léo Seyfried, Joël Stein, Karsten Suhre, Marie Taufour, Odile Thouron, Sandra Turner, Antoine Verrelle, Benoît Vié, Florian Visentin, Vincent Vionnet, and Philippe Wautelet
Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1929–1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1929-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1929-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents the Meso-NH model version 5.4, which is an atmospheric non-hydrostatic research model that is applied on synoptic to turbulent scales. The model includes advanced numerical techniques and state-of-the-art physics parameterization schemes. It has been expanded to provide capabilities for a range of Earth system prediction applications such as chemistry and aerosols, electricity and lightning, hydrology, wildland fires, volcanic eruptions, and cyclones with ocean coupling.
Jeanne Colin, Christine Lac, Valéry Massion, and Alexandre Paci
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-226, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2017-226, 2017
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The meteorological model Meso-NH is adapted in order to be run in DNS mode (Direct Numerical Simulation) to represent atmospheric flows generated in laboratory. The implementations we performed are validated against exact solutions and experimental data. Thus, Meso-NH can now be used as a complement to laboratory experiments, to complete and/or extend the data. The ability to run it in DNS also brings new prospects as it offers a new framework to test parametrizations of fine-scale processes.
Marie Mazoyer, Christine Lac, Odile Thouron, Thierry Bergot, Valery Masson, and Luc Musson-Genon
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13017–13035, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13017-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13017-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Large eddy simulations of a radiation fog event occurring during the ParisFog experiment have been studied to analyze the impact of the dynamics on the fog life cycle. They included a sophisticated microphysical scheme, the drag effect of a trees barrier and deposition on vegetation. The blocking effect of the trees induces elevated fog formation and limits cooling and cloud water production. The deposition process was found to exert the most significant impact on the fog prediction.
Robert Schoetter, Valéry Masson, Alexis Bourgeois, Margot Pellegrino, and Jean-Pierre Lévy
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2801–2831, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2801-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2801-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We enhance the urban climate model TEB to take into account for the variety of building use and human behaviour related to building energy consumption. This can improve urban climate simulations and is crucial for quantification of the impact of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in urban areas (e.g. white roofs, insulation of buildings). An evaluation for Toulouse shows that the enhanced version of TEB captures well the spatio-temporal variability of building energy consumption.
Emilie C. Redon, Aude Lemonsu, Valéry Masson, Benjamin Morille, and Marjorie Musy
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 385–411, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-385-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-385-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In order to assess the potential of cooling of urban vegetation in cities, we need to refine some processes in the microclimate models running on cities as the TEB model. The shading effects of trees on roads, low vegetation (grass), or walls are key processes impacting both air and surface temperatures in the streets by reducing them and improving the thermal comfort of inhabitants. They have been implemented into the TEB model and simulations have been evaluated by a fine-scale model, SOLENE.
C. S. de Munck, A. Lemonsu, R. Bouzouidja, V. Masson, and R. Claverie
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1941–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1941-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1941-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Atmospheric sciences
Can TROPOMI NO2 satellite data be used to track the drop in and resurgence of NOx emissions in Germany between 2019–2021 using the multi-source plume method (MSPM)?
A spatiotemporally separated framework for reconstructing the sources of atmospheric radionuclide releases
A parameterization scheme for the floating wind farm in a coupled atmosphere–wave model (COAWST v3.7)
RoadSurf 1.1: open-source road weather model library
Calibrating and validating the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) urban cooling model: case studies in France and the United States
The ddeq Python library for point source quantification from remote sensing images (version 1.0)
Incorporating Oxygen Isotopes of Oxidized Reactive Nitrogen in the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism, version 2 (ICOIN-RACM2)
A general comprehensive evaluation method for cross-scale precipitation forecasts
Implementation of a Simple Actuator Disk for Large-Eddy Simulation in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-SADLES v1.2) for wind turbine wake simulation
WRF-PDAF v1.0: implementation and application of an online localized ensemble data assimilation framework
Implementation and evaluation of diabatic advection in the Lagrangian transport model MPTRAC 2.6
An improved and extended parameterization of the CO2 15 µm cooling in the middle and upper atmosphere (CO2_cool_fort-1.0)
Development of a multiphase chemical mechanism to improve secondary organic aerosol formation in CAABA/MECCA (version 4.7.0)
Application of regional meteorology and air quality models based on the microprocessor without interlocked piped stages (MIPS) and LoongArch CPU platforms
Investigating ground-level ozone pollution in semi-arid and arid regions of Arizona using WRF-Chem v4.4 modeling
An objective identification technique for potential vorticity structures associated with African easterly waves
Importance of microphysical settings for climate forcing by stratospheric SO2 injections as modeled by SOCOL-AERv2
Assessment of surface ozone products from downscaled CAMS reanalysis and CAMS daily forecast using urban air quality monitoring stations in Iran
Open boundary conditions for atmospheric large-eddy simulations and their implementation in DALES4.4
Efficient and stable coupling of the SuperdropNet deep-learning-based cloud microphysics (v0.1.0) with the ICON climate and weather model (v2.6.5)
Three-dimensional variational assimilation with a multivariate background error covariance for the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere with the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI-MPAS 2.0.0-beta)
FUME 2.0 – Flexible Universal processor for Modeling Emissions
DEUCE v1.0: a neural network for probabilistic precipitation nowcasting with aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties
Evaluation of multi-season convection-permitting atmosphere – mixed-layer ocean simulations of the Maritime Continent
Investigating the impact of coupling HARMONIE-WINS50 (cy43) meteorology to LOTOS-EUROS (v2.2.002) on a simulation of NO2 concentrations over the Netherlands
Balloon drift estimation and improved position estimates for radiosondes
Emission ensemble approach to improve the development of multi-scale emission inventories
What is the relative impact of nudging and online coupling on meteorological variables, pollutant concentrations and aerosol optical properties?
Diagnosing drivers of PM2.5 simulation biases in China from meteorology, chemical composition, and emission sources using an efficient machine learning method
Validation and analysis of the Polair3D v1.11 chemical transport model over Quebec
Assimilation of GNSS tropospheric gradients into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4.4.1
Identifying atmospheric rivers and their poleward latent heat transport with generalizable neural networks: ARCNNv1
Assessing acetone for the GISS ModelE2.1 Earth system model
Bergen metrics: composite error metrics for assessing performance of climate models using EURO-CORDEX simulations
A dynamic approach to three-dimensional radiative transfer in subkilometer-scale numerical weather prediction models: the dynamic TenStream solver v1.0
Evaluation and development of surface layer scheme representation of temperature inversions over boreal forests in Arctic wintertime conditions
Modelling wind farm effects in HARMONIE–AROME (cycle 43.2.2) – Part 1: Implementation and evaluation
Analytical and adaptable initial conditions for dry and moist baroclinic waves in the global hydrostatic model OpenIFS (CY43R3)
Challenges of constructing and selecting the “perfect” boundary conditions for the large-eddy simulation model PALM
A machine learning approach for evaluating Southern Ocean cloud radiative biases in a global atmosphere model
Decision Support System version 1.0 (DSS v1.0) for air quality management in Delhi, India
How non-equilibrium aerosol chemistry impacts particle acidity: the GMXe AERosol CHEMistry (GMXe–AERCHEM, v1.0) sub-submodel of MESSy
A grid model for vertical correction of precipitable water vapor over the Chinese mainland and surrounding areas using random forest
MEXPLORER 1.0.0 – a mechanism explorer for analysis and visualization of chemical reaction pathways based on graph theory
Evaluating CHASER V4.0 global formaldehyde (HCHO) simulations using satellite, aircraft, and ground-based remote sensing observations
Advances and prospects of deep learning for medium-range extreme weather forecasting
An overview of the Western United States Dynamically Downscaled Dataset (WUS-D3)
cloudbandPy 1.0: an automated algorithm for the detection of tropical–extratropical cloud bands
PyRTlib: an educational Python-based library for non-scattering atmospheric microwave radiative transfer computations
TAMS: A Tracking, Classifying, and Variable-Assigning Algorithm for Mesoscale Convective Systems in Simulated and Satellite-Derived Datasets
Enrico Dammers, Janot Tokaya, Christian Mielke, Kevin Hausmann, Debora Griffin, Chris McLinden, Henk Eskes, and Renske Timmermans
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4983–5007, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4983-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4983-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen dioxide (NOx) is produced by sources such as industry and traffic and is directly linked to negative impacts on health and the environment. The current construction of emission inventories to keep track of NOx emissions is slow and time-consuming. Satellite measurements provide a way to quickly and independently estimate emissions. In this study, we apply a consistent methodology to derive NOx emissions over Germany and illustrate the value of having such a method for fast projections.
Yuhan Xu, Sheng Fang, Xinwen Dong, and Shuhan Zhuang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4961–4982, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Recent atmospheric radionuclide leakages from unknown sources have posed a new challenge in nuclear emergency assessment. Reconstruction via environmental observations is the only feasible way to identify sources, but simultaneous reconstruction of the source location and release rate yields high uncertainties. We propose a spatiotemporally separated reconstruction strategy that avoids these uncertainties and outperforms state-of-the-art methods with respect to accuracy and uncertainty ranges.
Shaokun Deng, Shengmu Yang, Shengli Chen, Daoyi Chen, Xuefeng Yang, and Shanshan Cui
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4891–4909, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4891-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4891-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global offshore wind power development is moving from offshore to deeper waters, where floating offshore wind turbines have an advantage over bottom-fixed turbines. However, current wind farm parameterization schemes in mesoscale models are not applicable to floating turbines. We propose a floating wind farm parameterization scheme that accounts for the attenuation of the significant wave height by floating turbines. The results indicate that it has a significant effect on the power output.
Virve Eveliina Karsisto
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4837–4853, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4837-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4837-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
RoadSurf is an open-source library that contains functions from the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s road weather model. The evaluation of the library shows that it is well suited for making road surface temperature forecasts. The evaluation was done by making forecasts for about 400 road weather stations in Finland with the library. Accurate forecasts help road authorities perform salting and plowing operations at the right time and keep roads safe for drivers.
Perrine Hamel, Martí Bosch, Léa Tardieu, Aude Lemonsu, Cécile de Munck, Chris Nootenboom, Vincent Viguié, Eric Lonsdorf, James A. Douglass, and Richard P. Sharp
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4755–4771, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The InVEST Urban Cooling model estimates the cooling effect of vegetation in cities. We further developed an algorithm to facilitate model calibration and evaluation. Applying the algorithm to case studies in France and in the United States, we found that nighttime air temperature estimates compare well with reference datasets. Estimated change in temperature from a land cover scenario compares well with an alternative model estimate, supporting the use of the model for urban planning decisions.
Gerrit Kuhlmann, Erik Koene, Sandro Meier, Diego Santaren, Grégoire Broquet, Frédéric Chevallier, Janne Hakkarainen, Janne Nurmela, Laia Amorós, Johanna Tamminen, and Dominik Brunner
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4773–4789, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a Python software library for data-driven emission quantification (ddeq). It can be used to determine the emissions of hot spots (cities, power plants and industry) from remote sensing images using different methods. ddeq can be extended for new datasets and methods, providing a powerful community tool for users and developers. The application of the methods is shown using Jupyter notebooks included in the library.
Wendell W. Walters, Masayuki Takeuchi, Nga L. Ng, and Meredith G. Hastings
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4673–4687, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4673-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4673-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study introduces a novel chemical mechanism for explicitly tracking oxygen isotope transfer in oxidized reactive nitrogen and odd oxygen using the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism, version 2. This model enhances our ability to simulate and compare oxygen isotope compositions of reactive nitrogen, revealing insights into oxidation chemistry. The approach shows promise for improving atmospheric chemistry models and tropospheric oxidation capacity predictions.
Bing Zhang, Mingjian Zeng, Anning Huang, Zhengkun Qin, Couhua Liu, Wenru Shi, Xin Li, Kefeng Zhu, Chunlei Gu, and Jialing Zhou
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4579–4601, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4579-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4579-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By directly analyzing the proximity of precipitation forecasts and observations, a precipitation accuracy score (PAS) method was constructed. This method does not utilize a traditional contingency-table-based classification verification; however, it can replace the threat score (TS), equitable threat score (ETS), and other skill score methods, and it can be used to calculate the accuracy of numerical models or quantitative precipitation forecasts.
Hai Bui, Mostafa Bakhoday-Paskyabi, and Mohammadreza Mohammadpour-Penchah
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4447–4465, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4447-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4447-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new wind turbine wake model, the Simple Actuator Disc for Large Eddy Simulation (SADLES), integrated with the widely used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. WRF-SADLES accurately simulates wind turbine wakes at resolutions of a few dozen meters, aligning well with idealized simulations and observational measurements. This makes WRF-SADLES a promising tool for wind energy research, offering a balance between accuracy, computational efficiency, and ease of implementation.
Changliang Shao and Lars Nerger
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4433–4445, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces and evaluates WRF-PDAF, a fully online-coupled ensemble data assimilation (DA) system. A key advantage of the WRF-PDAF configuration is its ability to concurrently integrate all ensemble states, eliminating the need for time-consuming distribution and collection of ensembles during the coupling communication. The extra time required for DA amounts to only 20.6 % per cycle. Twin experiment results underscore the effectiveness of the WRF-PDAF system.
Jan Clemens, Lars Hoffmann, Bärbel Vogel, Sabine Grießbach, and Nicole Thomas
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4467–4493, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Lagrangian transport models simulate the transport of air masses in the atmosphere. For example, one model (CLaMS) is well suited to calculating transport as it uses a special coordinate system and special vertical wind. However, it only runs inefficiently on modern supercomputers. Hence, we have implemented the benefits of CLaMS into a new model (MPTRAC), which is already highly efficient on modern supercomputers. Finally, in extensive tests, we showed that CLaMS and MPTRAC agree very well.
Manuel López-Puertas, Federico Fabiano, Victor Fomichev, Bernd Funke, and Daniel R. Marsh
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4401–4432, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4401-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The radiative infrared cooling of CO2 in the middle atmosphere is crucial for computing its thermal structure. It requires one however to include non-local thermodynamic equilibrium processes which are computationally very expensive, which cannot be afforded by climate models. In this work, we present an updated, efficient, accurate and very fast (~50 µs) parameterization of that cooling able to cope with CO2 abundances from half the pre-industrial values to 10 times the current abundance.
Felix Wieser, Rolf Sander, Changmin Cho, Hendrik Fuchs, Thorsten Hohaus, Anna Novelli, Ralf Tillmann, and Domenico Taraborrelli
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4311–4330, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4311-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4311-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemistry scheme of the atmospheric box model CAABA/MECCA is expanded to achieve an improved aerosol formation from emitted organic compounds. In addition to newly added reactions, temperature-dependent partitioning of all new species between the gas and aqueous phases is estimated and included in the pre-existing scheme. Sensitivity runs show an overestimation of key compounds from isoprene, which can be explained by a lack of aqueous-phase degradation reactions and box model limitations.
Zehua Bai, Qizhong Wu, Kai Cao, Yiming Sun, and Huaqiong Cheng
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4383–4399, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4383-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4383-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
There is relatively limited research on the application of scientific computing on RISC CPU platforms. The MIPS architecture CPUs, a type of RISC CPUs, have distinct advantages in energy efficiency and scalability. The air quality modeling system can run stably on the MIPS and LoongArch platforms, and the experiment results verify the stability of scientific computing on the platforms. The work provides a technical foundation for the scientific application based on MIPS and LoongArch.
Yafang Guo, Chayan Roychoudhury, Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei, Rajesh Kumar, Armin Sorooshian, and Avelino F. Arellano
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4331–4353, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4331-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research focuses on surface ozone (O3) pollution in Arizona, a historically air-quality-challenged arid and semi-arid region in the US. The unique characteristics of this kind of region, e.g., intense heat, minimal moisture, and persistent desert shrubs, play a vital role in comprehending O3 exceedances. Using the WRF-Chem model, we analyzed O3 levels in the pre-monsoon month, revealing the model's skill in capturing diurnal and MDA8 O3 levels.
Christoph Fischer, Andreas H. Fink, Elmar Schömer, Marc Rautenhaus, and Michael Riemer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4213–4228, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4213-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4213-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a method for identifying and tracking 3-D potential vorticity structures within African easterly waves (AEWs). Each identified structure is characterized by descriptors, including its 3-D position and orientation, which have been validated through composite comparisons. A trough-centric perspective on the descriptors reveals the evolution and distinct characteristics of AEWs. These descriptors serve as valuable statistical inputs for the study of AEW-related phenomena.
Sandro Vattioni, Andrea Stenke, Beiping Luo, Gabriel Chiodo, Timofei Sukhodolov, Elia Wunderlin, and Thomas Peter
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4181–4197, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the sensitivity of aerosol size distributions in the presence of strong SO2 injections for climate interventions or after volcanic eruptions to the call sequence and frequency of the routines for nucleation and condensation in sectional aerosol models with operator splitting. Using the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2, we show that the radiative and chemical outputs are sensitive to these settings at high H2SO4 supersaturations and how to obtain reliable results.
Najmeh Kaffashzadeh and Abbas-Ali Aliakbari Bidokhti
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4155–4179, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4155-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4155-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper assesses the capability of two state-of-the-art global datasets in simulating surface ozone over Iran using a new methodology. It is found that the global model data need to be downscaled for regulatory purposes or policy applications at local scales. The method can be useful not only for the evaluation but also for the prediction of other chemical species, such as aerosols.
Franciscus Liqui Lung, Christian Jakob, A. Pier Siebesma, and Fredrik Jansson
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4053–4076, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4053-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4053-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Traditionally, high-resolution atmospheric models employ periodic boundary conditions, which limit simulations to domains without horizontal variations. In this research open boundary conditions are developed to replace the periodic boundary conditions. The implementation is tested in a controlled setup, and the results show minimal disturbances. Using these boundary conditions, high-resolution models can be forced by a coarser model to study atmospheric phenomena in realistic background states.
Caroline Arnold, Shivani Sharma, Tobias Weigel, and David S. Greenberg
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4017–4029, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4017-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4017-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In atmospheric models, rain formation is simplified to be computationally efficient. We trained a machine learning model, SuperdropNet, to emulate warm-rain formation based on super-droplet simulations. Here, we couple SuperdropNet with an atmospheric model in a warm-bubble experiment and find that the coupled simulation runs stable and produces reasonable results, making SuperdropNet a viable ML proxy for droplet simulations. We also present a comprehensive benchmark for coupling architectures.
Byoung-Joo Jung, Benjamin Ménétrier, Chris Snyder, Zhiquan Liu, Jonathan J. Guerrette, Junmei Ban, Ivette Hernández Baños, Yonggang G. Yu, and William C. Skamarock
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3879–3895, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3879-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3879-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the multivariate static background error covariance (B) for the JEDI-MPAS 3D-Var data assimilation system. With tuned B parameters, the multivariate B gives physically balanced analysis increment fields in the single-observation test framework. In the month-long cycling experiment with a global 60 km mesh, 3D-Var with static B performs stably. Due to its simple workflow and minimal computational requirements, JEDI-MPAS 3D-Var can be useful for the research community.
Michal Belda, Nina Benešová, Jaroslav Resler, Peter Huszár, Ondřej Vlček, Pavel Krč, Jan Karlický, Pavel Juruš, and Kryštof Eben
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3867–3878, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3867-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3867-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
For modeling atmospheric chemistry, it is necessary to provide data on emissions of pollutants. These can come from various sources and in various forms, and preprocessing of the data to be ingestible by chemistry models can be quite challenging. We developed the FUME processor to use a database layer that internally transforms all input data into a rigid structure, facilitating further processing to allow for emission processing from the continental to the street scale.
Bent Harnist, Seppo Pulkkinen, and Terhi Mäkinen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3839–3866, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3839-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3839-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Probabilistic precipitation nowcasting (local forecasting for 0–6 h) is crucial for reducing damage from events like flash floods. For this goal, we propose the DEUCE neural-network-based model which uses data and model uncertainties to generate an ensemble of potential precipitation development scenarios for the next hour. Trained and evaluated with Finnish precipitation composites, DEUCE was found to produce more skillful and reliable nowcasts than established models.
Emma Howard, Steven Woolnough, Nicholas Klingaman, Daniel Shipley, Claudio Sanchez, Simon C. Peatman, Cathryn E. Birch, and Adrian J. Matthews
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3815–3837, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes a coupled atmosphere–mixed-layer ocean simulation setup that will be used to study weather processes in Southeast Asia. The set-up has been used to compare high-resolution simulations, which are able to partially resolve storms, to coarser simulations, which cannot. We compare the model performance at representing variability of rainfall and sea surface temperatures across length scales between the coarse and fine models.
Andrés Yarce Botero, Michiel van Weele, Arjo Segers, Pier Siebesma, and Henk Eskes
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3765–3781, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3765-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3765-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
HARMONIE WINS50 reanalysis data with 0.025° × 0.025° resolution from 2019 to 2021 were coupled with the LOTOS-EUROS Chemical Transport Model. HARMONIE and ECMWF meteorology configurations against Cabauw observations (52.0° N, 4.9° W) were evaluated as simulated NO2 concentrations with ground-level sensors. Differences in crucial meteorological input parameters (boundary layer height, vertical diffusion coefficient) between the hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic models were analysed.
Ulrich Voggenberger, Leopold Haimberger, Federico Ambrogi, and Paul Poli
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3783–3799, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3783-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3783-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a method for calculating balloon drift from historical radiosonde ascent data. The drift can reach distances of several hundred kilometres and is often neglected. Verification shows the beneficial impact of the more accurate balloon position on model assimilation. The method is not limited to radiosondes but would also work for dropsondes, ozonesondes, or any other in situ sonde carried by the wind in the pre-GNSS era, provided the necessary information is available.
Philippe Thunis, Jeroen Kuenen, Enrico Pisoni, Bertrand Bessagnet, Manjola Banja, Lech Gawuc, Karol Szymankiewicz, Diego Guizardi, Monica Crippa, Susana Lopez-Aparicio, Marc Guevara, Alexander De Meij, Sabine Schindlbacher, and Alain Clappier
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3631–3643, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3631-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3631-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An ensemble emission inventory is created with the aim of monitoring the status and progress made with the development of EU-wide inventories. This emission ensemble serves as a common benchmark for the screening and allows for the comparison of more than two inventories at a time. Because the emission “truth” is unknown, the approach does not tell which inventory is the closest to reality, but it identifies inconsistencies that require special attention.
Laurent Menut, Bertrand Bessagnet, Arineh Cholakian, Guillaume Siour, Sylvain Mailler, and Romain Pennel
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3645–3665, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3645-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3645-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study is about the modelling of the atmospheric composition in Europe during the summer of 2022, when massive wildfires were observed. It is a sensitivity study dedicated to the relative impacts of two modelling processes that are able to modify the meteorology used for the calculation of the atmospheric chemistry and transport of pollutants.
Shuai Wang, Mengyuan Zhang, Yueqi Gao, Peng Wang, Qingyan Fu, and Hongliang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3617–3629, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Numerical models are widely used in air pollution modeling but suffer from significant biases. The machine learning model designed in this study shows high efficiency in identifying such biases. Meteorology (relative humidity and cloud cover), chemical composition (secondary organic components and dust aerosols), and emission sources (residential activities) are diagnosed as the main drivers of bias in modeling PM2.5, a typical air pollutant. The results will help to improve numerical models.
Shoma Yamanouchi, Shayamilla Mahagammulla Gamage, Sara Torbatian, Jad Zalzal, Laura Minet, Audrey Smargiassi, Ying Liu, Ling Liu, Forood Azargoshasbi, Jinwoong Kim, Youngseob Kim, Daniel Yazgi, and Marianne Hatzopoulou
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3579–3597, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3579-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3579-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Air pollution is a major health hazard, and chemical transport models (CTMs) are valuable tools that aid in our understanding of the risks of air pollution at both local and regional scales. In this study, the Polair3D CTM of the Polyphemus air quality modeling platform was set up over Quebec, Canada, to assess the model’s capability in predicting key air pollutant species over the region, at seasonal temporal scales and at regional spatial scales.
Rohith Thundathil, Florian Zus, Galina Dick, and Jens Wickert
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3599–3616, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3599-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3599-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provides moisture observations through its densely distributed ground station network. In this research, we assimilate a new type of observation called tropospheric gradient observations, which has never been incorporated into a weather model. We develop a forward operator for gradient-based observations and conduct an assimilation impact study. The study shows significant improvements in the model's humidity fields.
Ankur Mahesh, Travis A. O'Brien, Burlen Loring, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, William Boos, and William D. Collins
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3533–3557, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3533-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3533-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are extreme weather events that can alleviate drought or cause billions of US dollars in flood damage. We train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect ARs with an estimate of the uncertainty. We present a framework to generalize these CNNs to a variety of datasets of past, present, and future climate. Using a simplified simulation of the Earth's atmosphere, we validate the CNNs. We explore the role of ARs in maintaining energy balance in the Earth system.
Alexandra Rivera, Kostas Tsigaridis, Gregory Faluvegi, and Drew Shindell
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3487–3505, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3487-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3487-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes and evaluates an improvement to the representation of acetone in the GISS ModelE2.1 Earth system model. We simulate acetone's concentration and transport across the atmosphere as well as its dependence on chemistry, the ocean, and various global emissions. Comparisons of our model’s estimates to past modeling studies and field measurements have shown encouraging results. Ultimately, this paper contributes to a broader understanding of acetone's role in the atmosphere.
Alok K. Samantaray, Priscilla A. Mooney, and Carla A. Vivacqua
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3321–3339, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3321-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3321-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Any interpretation of climate model data requires a comprehensive evaluation of the model performance. Numerous error metrics exist for this purpose, and each focuses on a specific aspect of the relationship between reference and model data. Thus, a comprehensive evaluation demands the use of multiple error metrics. However, this can lead to confusion. We propose a clustering technique to reduce the number of error metrics needed and a composite error metric to simplify the interpretation.
Richard Maier, Fabian Jakub, Claudia Emde, Mihail Manev, Aiko Voigt, and Bernhard Mayer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3357–3383, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3357-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3357-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the TenStream solver, we present a new method to accelerate 3D radiative transfer towards the speed of currently used 1D solvers. Using a shallow-cumulus-cloud time series, we evaluate the performance of this new solver in terms of both speed and accuracy. Compared to a 3D benchmark simulation, we show that our new solver is able to determine much more accurate irradiances and heating rates than a 1D δ-Eddington solver, even when operated with a similar computational demand.
Julia Maillard, Jean-Christophe Raut, and François Ravetta
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3303–3320, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3303-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3303-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric models struggle to reproduce the strong temperature inversions in the vicinity of the surface over forested areas in the Arctic winter. In this paper, we develop modified simplified versions of surface layer schemes widely used by the community. Our modifications are used to correct the fact that original schemes place strong limits on the turbulent collapse, leading to a lower surface temperature gradient at low wind speeds. Modified versions show a better performance.
Jana Fischereit, Henrik Vedel, Xiaoli Guo Larsén, Natalie E. Theeuwes, Gregor Giebel, and Eigil Kaas
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2855–2875, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2855-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2855-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wind farms impact local wind and turbulence. To incorporate these effects in weather forecasting, the explicit wake parameterization (EWP) is added to the forecasting model HARMONIE–AROME. We evaluate EWP using flight data above and downstream of wind farms, comparing it with an alternative wind farm parameterization and another weather model. Results affirm the correct implementation of EWP, emphasizing the necessity of accounting for wind farm effects in accurate weather forecasting.
Clément Bouvier, Daan van den Broek, Madeleine Ekblom, and Victoria A. Sinclair
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2961–2986, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
An analytical initial background state has been developed for moist baroclinic wave simulation on an aquaplanet and implemented into OpenIFS. Seven parameters can be controlled, which are used to generate the background states and the development of baroclinic waves. The meteorological and numerical stability has been assessed. Resulting baroclinic waves have proven to be realistic and sensitive to the jet's width.
Jelena Radović, Michal Belda, Jaroslav Resler, Kryštof Eben, Martin Bureš, Jan Geletič, Pavel Krč, Hynek Řezníček, and Vladimír Fuka
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2901–2927, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2901-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2901-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Boundary conditions are of crucial importance for numerical model (e.g., PALM) validation studies and have a large influence on the model results, especially when studying the atmosphere of real, complex, and densely built urban environments. Our experiments with different driving conditions for the large-eddy simulation model PALM show its strong dependency on boundary conditions, which is important for the proper separation of errors coming from the boundary conditions and the model itself.
Sonya L. Fiddes, Marc D. Mallet, Alain Protat, Matthew T. Woodhouse, Simon P. Alexander, and Kalli Furtado
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2641–2662, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2641-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2641-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we present an evaluation that considers complex, non-linear systems in a holistic manner. This study uses XGBoost, a machine learning algorithm, to predict the simulated Southern Ocean shortwave radiation bias in the ACCESS model using cloud property biases as predictors. We then used a novel feature importance analysis to quantify the role that each cloud bias plays in predicting the radiative bias, laying the foundation for advanced Earth system model evaluation and development.
Gaurav Govardhan, Sachin D. Ghude, Rajesh Kumar, Sumit Sharma, Preeti Gunwani, Chinmay Jena, Prafull Yadav, Shubhangi Ingle, Sreyashi Debnath, Pooja Pawar, Prodip Acharja, Rajmal Jat, Gayatry Kalita, Rupal Ambulkar, Santosh Kulkarni, Akshara Kaginalkar, Vijay K. Soni, Ravi S. Nanjundiah, and Madhavan Rajeevan
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2617–2640, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2617-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2617-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A newly developed air quality forecasting framework, Decision Support System (DSS), for air quality management in Delhi, India, provides source attribution with numerous emission reduction scenarios besides forecasts. DSS shows that during post-monsoon and winter seasons, Delhi and its neighboring districts contribute to 30 %–40 % each to pollution in Delhi. On average, a 40 % reduction in the emissions in Delhi and the surrounding districts would result in a 24 % reduction in Delhi's pollution.
Simon Rosanka, Holger Tost, Rolf Sander, Patrick Jöckel, Astrid Kerkweg, and Domenico Taraborrelli
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2597–2615, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2597-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2597-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The capabilities of the Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) are extended to account for non-equilibrium aqueous-phase chemistry in the representation of deliquescent aerosols. When applying the new development in a global simulation, we find that MESSy's bias in modelling routinely observed reduced inorganic aerosol mass concentrations, especially in the United States. Furthermore, the representation of fine-aerosol pH is particularly improved in the marine boundary layer.
Junyu Li, Yuxin Wang, Lilong Liu, Yibin Yao, Liangke Huang, and Feijuan Li
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2569–2581, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2569-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2569-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we have developed a model (RF-PWV) to characterize precipitable water vapor (PWV) variation with altitude in the study area. RF-PWV can significantly reduce errors in vertical correction, enhance PWV fusion product accuracy, and provide insights into PWV vertical distribution, thereby contributing to climate research.
Rolf Sander
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2419–2425, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2419-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2419-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The open-source software MEXPLORER 1.0.0 is presented here. The program can be used to analyze, reduce, and visualize complex chemical reaction mechanisms. The mathematics behind the tool is based on graph theory: chemical species are represented as vertices, and reactions as edges. MEXPLORER is a community model published under the GNU General Public License.
Hossain Mohammed Syedul Hoque, Kengo Sudo, Hitoshi Irie, Yanfeng He, and Md Firoz Khan
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169903618.82717612/v2, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169903618.82717612/v2, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using multi-platform observations, we validated global formaldehyde (HCHO) simulations from a chemistry transport model. HCHO is a crucial intermediate of the chemical catalytic cycle that governs the ozone formation in the troposphere. The model was capable of replicating the observed spatiotemporal variability in HCHO. In a few cases, the model capability was limited. This is attributed to the uncertainties in the observations and the model parameters.
Leonardo Olivetti and Gabriele Messori
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2347–2358, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2347-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2347-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the last decades, weather forecasting up to 15 d into the future has been dominated by physics-based numerical models. Recently, deep learning models have challenged this paradigm. However, the latter models may struggle when forecasting weather extremes. In this article, we argue for deep learning models specifically designed to handle extreme events, and we propose a foundational framework to develop such models.
Stefan Rahimi, Lei Huang, Jesse Norris, Alex Hall, Naomi Goldenson, Will Krantz, Benjamin Bass, Chad Thackeray, Henry Lin, Di Chen, Eli Dennis, Ethan Collins, Zachary J. Lebo, Emily Slinskey, Sara Graves, Surabhi Biyani, Bowen Wang, Stephen Cropper, and the UCLA Center for Climate Science Team
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2265–2286, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2265-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2265-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Here, we project future climate across the western United States through the end of the 21st century using a regional climate model, embedded within 16 latest-generation global climate models, to provide the community with a high-resolution physically based ensemble of climate data for use at local scales. Strengths and weaknesses of the data are frankly discussed as we overview the downscaled dataset.
Romain Pilon and Daniela I. V. Domeisen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2247–2264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2247-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2247-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper introduces a new method for detecting atmospheric cloud bands to identify long convective cloud bands that extend from the tropics to the midlatitudes. The algorithm allows for easy use and enables researchers to study the life cycle and climatology of cloud bands and associated rainfall. This method provides insights into the large-scale processes involved in cloud band formation and their connections between different regions, as well as differences across ocean basins.
Salvatore Larosa, Domenico Cimini, Donatello Gallucci, Saverio Teodosio Nilo, and Filomena Romano
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2053–2076, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2053-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2053-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
PyRTlib is an attractive educational tool because it provides a flexible and user-friendly way to broadly simulate how electromagnetic radiation travels through the atmosphere as it interacts with atmospheric constituents (such as gases, aerosols, and hydrometeors). PyRTlib is a so-called radiative transfer model; these are commonly used to simulate and understand remote sensing observations from ground-based, airborne, or satellite instruments.
Kelly M. Núñez Ocasio and Zachary L. Moon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-259, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-259, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
TAMS is an open-source mesoscale convective system tracking and classifying Python-based package that can be used to study observed and simulated systems. Each step of the algorithm is described in this paper with examples showing how to make use of visualization and post-processing tools within the package. A unique and valuable feature of this tracker is its support for unstructured grids in the identification stage and grid-independent tracking.
Cited articles
Aflaki, A., Mirnezhad, M., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Ghaffarianhoseini, A.,
Omrany, H., Wang, Z.-H., and Akbari, H.: Urban heat island mitigation
strategies: A state-of-the-art review on Kuala Lumpur, Singapore and Hong
Kong, Cities, 62, 13–145,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.09.003, 2017. a
AOD: TERRA/MODIS Aerosol Optical Thickness, available at:
https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=MODAL2_M_AER_OD,
last access: 4 September 2020. a
Arnfield, A. J.: Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence,
exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island, Int.
J. Climatol., 23, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.859, 2003. a
Aumond, P., Masson, V., Lac, C., Gauvreau, B., Dupont, S., and Berengier, M.:
Including the Drag Effects of Canopies: Real Case Large-Eddy Simulation
Studies, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 146, 65–80,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-012-9758-x, 2013. a
Barlow, J., Best, M., Bohnenstengel, S. I., Clark, P., Grimmond, S., Lean, H.,
Christen, A., Emeis, S., Haeffelin, M., Harman, I. N., Lemonsu, A., Martilli,
A., Pardyjak, E., Rotach, M. W., Ballard, S., Boutle, I., Brown, A., Cai, X.,
Carpentieri, M., Coceal, O., Crawford, B., Di Sabatino, S., Dou, J., Drew,
D. R., Edwards, J. M., Fallmann, J., Fortuniak, K., Gornall, J., Gronemeier,
T., Halios, C. H., Hertwig, D., Hirano, K., Holtslag, A. A. M., Luo, Z.,
Mills, G., Nakayoshi, M., Pain, K., Schlünzen, K. H., Smith, S., Soulhac,
L., Steeneveld, G.-J., Sun, T., Theeuwes, N. E., Thomson, D., Voogt, J. A.,
Ward, H. C., Xie, Z.-T., and Zhong, J.: Developing a Research Strategy to
Better Understand, Observe, and Simulate Urban Atmospheric Processes at
Kilometer to Subkilometer Scales, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 98, ES261–ES264, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0106.1, 2017. a
Best, M. J., Beljaars, A., Polcher, J., and Viterbo, P.: A Proposed Structure
for Coupling Tiled Surfaces with the Planetary Boundary Layer, J.
Hydrometeorol., 5, 1271–1278, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-382.1, 2004. a
Bougeault, P. and Lacarrère, P.: Parameterization of orographic
induced turbulence in a mesobeta scale model, Mon. Weather Rev., 117,
1872–1890, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1872:POOITI>2.0.CO;2, 1989. a, b, c
Bueno, B., Pigeon, G., Norford, L. K., Zibouche, K., and Marchadier, C.: Development and evaluation of a building energy model integrated in the TEB scheme, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 433–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-433-2012, 2012. a
Champeaux, J. L., Masson, V., and Chauvin, F.: ECOCLIMAP: a global database
of land surface parameters at 1 km resolution, Meteorol. Appl.,
12, 29–32, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1350482705001519, 2005. a
Chen, F. and Dudhia, J.: Coupling an Advanced Land Surface–Hydrology Model
with the Penn State–NCAR MM5 Modeling System. Part I: Model Implementation
and Sensitivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569–585,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0569:CAALSH>2.0.CO;2, 2001. a, b
Chen, F., Kusaka, H., Bornstein, R., Ching, J., Grimmond, C. S. B.,
Grossman-Clarke, S., Loridan, T., Manning, K. W., Martilli, A., Miao, S.,
Sailor, D., Salamanca, F. P., Taha, H., Tewari, M., Wang, X., Wyszogrodzki,
A. A., and Zhang, C.: The integrated WRF/urban modelling system: development,
evaluation, and applications to urban environmental problems, Int.
J. Climatol., 31, 273–288, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2158, 2011. a, b
Chin, H.-N. S., Leach, M. J., Sugiyama, G. A., Leone, J. M., Walker, H.,
Nasstrom, J. S., and Brown, M. J.: Evaluation of an Urban Canopy
Parameterization in a Mesoscale Model Using VTMX and URBAN 2000 Data, Mon.
Weather Rev., 133, 2043–2068, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR2962.1, 2005. a
Ching, J., Mills, G., Bechtel, B., See, L., Feddema, J., Wang, X., Ren, C.,
Brousse, O., Martilli, A., Neophytou, M., Mouzourides, P., Stewart, I.,
Hanna, A., Ng, E., Foley, M., Alexander, P., Aliaga, D., Niyogi, D.,
Shreevastava, A., Bhalachandran, P., Masson, V., Hidalgo, J., Fung, J.,
Andrade, M., Baklanov, A., Dai, W., Milcinski, G., Demuzere, M., Brunsell,
N., Pesaresi, M., Miao, S., Mu, Q., Chen, F., and Theeuwes, N.: WUDAPT: An
Urban Weather, Climate, and Environmental Modeling Infrastructure for the
Anthropocene, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 99,
1907–1924, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0236.1, 2018. a
Deardorff, J. W.: Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a
three-dimensional model, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol, 18, 495–527,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00119502, 1980. a, b
Garuma, G. F.: Review of urban surface parameterizations for numerical climate models, Urban Climate, 24, 830–851,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.10.006, 2018. a
Giorgi, F. and Avissar, R.: Representation of heterogeneity effects in Earth
system modeling: Experience from land surface modeling, Rev.
Geophys., 35, 413–437, https://doi.org/10.1029/97RG01754, 1997. a
Guo, Z., Dirmeyer, P. A., Koster, R. D., Sud, Y. C., Bonan, G., Oleson, K. W.,
Chan, E., Verseghy, D., Cox, P., Gordon, C. T., McGregor, J. L., Kanae, S.,
Kowalczyk, E., Lawrence, D., Liu, P., Mocko, D., Lu, C.-H., Mitchell, K.,
Malyshev, S., McAvaney, B., Oki, T., Yamada, T., Pitman, A., Taylor, C. M.,
Vasic, R., and Xue, Y.: GLACE: The Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling
Experiment. Part II: Analysis, J. Hydrometeorol., 7, 611–625,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM511.1, 2006. a
Gutiérrez, E., Martilli, A., Santiago, J. L., and González, J. E.: A
Mechanical Drag Coefficient Formulation and Urban Canopy Parameter
Assimilation Technique for Complex Urban Environments, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 157, 333–341, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-015-0051-7, 2015. a, b
HKCensus: https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/sub/sp90.jsp (last access: 30 June 2020), 2018. a
HKO (Hong Kong Observatory): available at:
https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/Observatorys-Blog/101818/Will-2018-be-as-dry-as-1963
(last access: 30 June 2020), 2018. a
HKO (Hong Kong Observatory): available at: https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/cis/popup.htm (last access: 30 June 2020), 2020. a
Hogan, R. J.: An Exponential Model of Urban Geometry for Use in Radiative
Transfer Applications, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 170,
357–372, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0409-8,
2019a. a, b
Hogan, R. J.: Flexible Treatment of Radiative Transfer in Complex Urban
Canopies for Use in Weather and Climate Models, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol.,
173, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00457-0, 2019b. a, b
Kain, J. S. and Fritsch, J. M.: A One-Dimensional Entraining/Detraining Plume
Model and Its Application in Convective Parameterization, J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2784–2802,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1990)047<2784:AODEPM>2.0.CO;2, 1990. a
Kondo, H. and Liu, F.: Study on the urban thermal environment obtained through one-dimensional urban canopy model, Taiki Kankyo Gakkaishi, 33, 179–192, https://doi.org/10.11298/taiki1995.33.3_179, 1998. a
Koster, R. D., Sud, Y. C., Guo, Z., Dirmeyer, P. A., Bonan, G., Oleson, K. W.,
Chan, E., Verseghy, D., Cox, P., Davies, H., Kowalczyk, E., Gordon, C. T.,
Kanae, S., Lawrence, D., Liu, P., Mocko, D., Lu, C.-H., Mitchell, K.,
Malyshev, S., McAvaney, B., Oki, T., Yamada, T., Pitman, A., Taylor, C. M.,
Vasic, R., and Xue, Y.: GLACE: The Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling
Experiment. Part I: Overview, J. Hydrometeorol., 7, 590–610,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM510.1, 2006. a
Krayenhoff, E. S., Jiang, T., Christen, A., Martilli, A., Oke, T. R., Bailey,
B. N., Nazarian, N., Voogt, J. A., Giometto, M. G., Stastny, A., and
Crawford, B. R.: A multi-layer urban canopy meteorological model with trees
(BEP-Tree): Street tree impacts on pedestrian-level climate, Urban Climate,
32, 100590, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100590, 2020 a
Kusaka, H., Kondo, H., Kikegawa, Y., and Kimura, F.: A Simple Single-Layer
Urban Canopy Model For Atmospheric Models: Comparison With Multi-Layer And
Slab Models, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 101, 329–358,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019207923078, 2001. a, b
Kwok, Y. T., De Munck, C., Schoetter, R., Ren, C., and Lau, K. K.-L.: Refined
dataset to describe the complex urban environment of Hong Kong for urban
climate modelling studies at the mesoscale, Theor. Appl.
Climatol., 142, 129–150,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-020-03298-x, 2020. a, b
Lac, C., Chaboureau, J.-P., Masson, V., Pinty, J.-P., Tulet, P., Escobar, J., Leriche, M., Barthe, C., Aouizerats, B., Augros, C., Aumond, P., Auguste, F., Bechtold, P., Berthet, S., Bielli, S., Bosseur, F., Caumont, O., Cohard, J.-M., Colin, J., Couvreux, F., Cuxart, J., Delautier, G., Dauhut, T., Ducrocq, V., Filippi, J.-B., Gazen, D., Geoffroy, O., Gheusi, F., Honnert, R., Lafore, J.-P., Lebeaupin Brossier, C., Libois, Q., Lunet, T., Mari, C., Maric, T., Mascart, P., Mogé, M., Molinié, G., Nuissier, O., Pantillon, F., Peyrillé, P., Pergaud, J., Perraud, E., Pianezze, J., Redelsperger, J.-L., Ricard, D., Richard, E., Riette, S., Rodier, Q., Schoetter, R., Seyfried, L., Stein, J., Suhre, K., Taufour, M., Thouron, O., Turner, S., Verrelle, A., Vié, B., Visentin, F., Vionnet, V., and Wautelet, P.: Overview of the Meso-NH model version 5.4 and its applications, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 1929–1969, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1929-2018, 2018. a, b
Lafore, J. P., Stein, J., Asencio, N., Bougeault, P., Ducrocq, V., Duron, J., Fischer, C., Héreil, P., Mascart, P., Masson, V., Pinty, J. P., Redelsperger, J. L., Richard, E., and Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J.: The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations, Ann. Geophys., 16, 90–109, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0090-6, 1998. a, b
Lam, J., Lau, A., and Fung, J.: Application of Refined Land-Use Categories for
High Resolution Mesoscale Atmospheric Modelling, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol.,
119, 263–288, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-005-9027-3, 2006. a, b, c
Lemonsu, A., Masson, V., Shashua-Bar, L., Erell, E., and Pearlmutter, D.: Inclusion of vegetation in the Town Energy Balance model for modelling urban green areas, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1377–1393, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1377-2012, 2012. a, b
Lin, W., Sui, C.-H., Yang, L., Wang, X., Deng, R., Fan, S., Wu, C., Wang, A.,
Fong, S., and Lin, H.: A numerical study of the influence of urban expansion
on monthly climate in dry autumn over the Pearl River Delta, China,
Theor. Appl. Climatol., 89, 63–72,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-006-0244-6, 2007. a
Lin, W., Zhang, L., Du, D., Yang, L., Lin, H., Zhang, Y., and Li, J.:
Quantification of land use/land cover changes in Pearl River Delta and its
impact on regional climate in summer using numerical modeling, Reg.
Environ. Change, 9, 75–82, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-008-0057-5, 2009. a
Lo, J. C. F., Lau, A. K. H., Chen, F., Fung, J. C. H., and Leung, K. K. M.:
Urban Modification in a Mesoscale Model and the Effects on the Local
Circulation in the Pearl River Delta Region, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46, 457–476, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2477.1, 2007. a, b, c, d
Luo, M. and Lau, N.-C.: Heat Waves in Southern China: Synoptic Behavior,
Long-Term Change, and Urbanization Effects, J. Climate, 30, 703–720, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0269.1, 2017. a
Masson, V.: A Physically-Based Scheme For The Urban Energy Budget In
Atmospheric Models, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 94, 357–397,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002463829265, 2000. a, b
Masson, V.: Urban surface modeling and the meso-scale impact of cities,
Theor. Appl. Climatol., 84, 35–45,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-005-0142-3,2006. a, b
Masson, V. and Seity, Y.: Including Atmospheric Layers in Vegetation and Urban
Offline Surface Schemes, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 48,
1377–1397, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAMC1866.1, 2009. a
Masson, V., Champeaux, J.-L., Chauvin, F., Meriguet, C., and Lacaze, R.: A
Global Database of Land Surface Parameters at 1-km Resolution in
Meteorological and Climate Models, J. Climate, 16, 1261–1282,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442-16.9.1261, 2003. a
Masson, V., Le Moigne, P., Martin, E., Faroux, S., Alias, A., Alkama, R., Belamari, S., Barbu, A., Boone, A., Bouyssel, F., Brousseau, P., Brun, E., Calvet, J.-C., Carrer, D., Decharme, B., Delire, C., Donier, S., Essaouini, K., Gibelin, A.-L., Giordani, H., Habets, F., Jidane, M., Kerdraon, G., Kourzeneva, E., Lafaysse, M., Lafont, S., Lebeaupin Brossier, C., Lemonsu, A., Mahfouf, J.-F., Marguinaud, P., Mokhtari, M., Morin, S., Pigeon, G., Salgado, R., Seity, Y., Taillefer, F., Tanguy, G., Tulet, P., Vincendon, B., Vionnet, V., and Voldoire, A.: The SURFEXv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 929–960, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-929-2013, 2013. a, b
Masson, V., Heldens, W., Bocher, E., Bonhomme, M., Bucher, B., Burmeister, C.,
de Munck, C., Esch, T., Hidalgo, J., Kanani-Sühring, F., Kwok, Y.-T.,
Lemonsu, A., Lévy, J.-P., Maronga, B., Pavlik, D., Petit, G., See, L.,
Schoetter, R., Tornay, N., Votsis, A., and Zeidler, J.: City-descriptive
input data for urban climate models: Model requirements, data sources and
challenges, Urban Climate, 31, 100536, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100536,
2020. a
Moonen, P., Defraeye, T., Dorer, V., Blocken, B., and Carmeliet, J.: Urban
physics : effect of the micro-climate on comfort, health and energy demand,
Frontiers of Architectural Research, 1, 197–228,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2012.05.002, 2012. a
Ng, Y. Y., Wong, K. S., Ho, B., Yau, R., Tse, T., and Ren, C.: Final Report and
Appendices, Urban Climatic Map and Standards for Wind Environment –
Feasibility Study, Technical Report for Planning Department HKSAR, p. 1685,
2012. a
Noilhan, J. and Planton, S.: A Simple Parameterization of Land Surface
Processes for Meteorological Models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 536–549,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<0536:ASPOLS>2.0.CO;2, 1989. a
Oleson, K. W., Bonan, G. B., Feddema, J., Vertenstein, M., and Grimmond, C.
S. B.: An Urban Parameterization for a Global Climate Model. Part I:
Formulation and Evaluation for Two Cities, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 47, 1038–1060, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAMC1597.1, 2008. a
Oleson, K. W., Lawrence, D. M., B, G., Flanner, M. G., Kluzek, E., J, P.,
Levis, S., Swenson, S. C., Thornton, E., Feddema, J., Heald, C. L., Francois Lamarque, J., Yue Niu, G., Qian, T., Running, S., Sakaguchi, K., Yang, L.,
Zeng, X., Zeng, X., and Decker, M.: Technical Description of version 4.0 of
the Community Land Model (CLM), University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, 257 pp., https://doi.org/10.5065/D6FB50WZ,
2010. a
Pergaud, J., Masson, V., Malardel, S., and Couvreux, F.: A Parameterization of
Dry Thermals and Shallow Cumuli for Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction,
Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 132, 83, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-009-9388-0, 2009. a, b, c
Pigeon, G., Zibouche, K., Bueno, B., Bras, J. L., and Masson, V.: Improving the
capabilities of the Town Energy Balance model with up-to-date building
energy simulation algorithms: an application to a set of representative
buildings in Paris, Energ. Buildings, 76, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.10.038, 2014. a
Raupach, R.: Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 60, 375–395, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00155203, 1992. a, b
Redon, E., Lemonsu, A., and Masson, V.: An urban trees parameterization for modeling microclimatic variables and thermal comfort conditions at street level with the Town Energy Balance model (TEB-SURFEX v8.0), Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 385–399, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-385-2020, 2020. a
Roth, M.: Review of atmospheric turbulence over cities, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 941–990,
https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49712656409, 2000. a
Sailor, D. J.: A review of methods for estimating anthropogenic heat and
moisture emissions in the urban environment, Int. J.
Climatol., 31, 189–199, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2106, 2011. a
Salamanca, F., Krpo, A., Martilli, A., and Clappier, A.: A new building energy
model coupled with an urban canopy parameterization for urban climate
simulations – part I. formulation, verification, and sensitivity analysis of
the model, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 99, 331,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-009-0142-9, 2009 a
Salgado, R. and Le Moigne, P.: Coupling of the FLake model to the Surfex
externalized surface model, Boreal Environ. Res., 15, 231–244,
2010. a
Santiago, J. and Martilli, A.: A Dynamic Urban Canopy Parameterization for
Mesoscale Models Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Reynolds-Averaged
Navier–Stokes Microscale Simulations, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 137,
417–439, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-010-9538-4, 2010. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j
Santiago, J., Coceal, O., and Martilli, A.: How to Parametrize Urban-Canopy
Drag to Reproduce Wind-Direction Effects Within the Canopy, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 149, 43–63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-013-9833-y, 2013. a
Santiago, J., Krayenhoff, E., and Martilli, A.: Flow simulations for simplified
urban configurations with microscale distributions of surface thermal
forcing, Urban Climate, 9, 115–133,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.07.008, 2014. a
Santiago, J.-L., Buccolieri, R., Rivas, E., Calvete-Sogo, H., Sanchez, B.,
Martilli, A., Alonso, R., Elustondo, D., Santamaría, J. M., and Martin, F.:
CFD modelling of vegetation barrier effects on the reduction of
traffic-related pollutant concentration in an avenue of Pamplona, Spain,
Sustain. Cities Soc., 48, 101559,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101559, 2019. a
Schoetter, R., Kwok, Y. T., de Munck, C., Lau, K. K. L., Wong, W. K., and Masson, V.: Overview of the source code modifications, numerical simulations, and postprocessing scripts described in the research article “Multi-layer coupling between SURFEX-TEB-v9.0 and Meso-NH-v5.3 for modelling the urban climate of high-rise cities”, Zenodo, available at: https://zenodo.org/record/3937222#.X64kiVDTWUk, 2020. a
Seity, Y., Brousseau, P., Malardel, S., Hello, G., Bénard, P., Bouttier, F.,
Lac, C., and Masson, V.: The AROME-France Convective-Scale Operational
Model, Mon. Weather Rev., 139, 976–991, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3425.1, 2011. a
Shepherd, J. M.: A Review of Current Investigations of Urban-Induced Rainfall
and Recommendations for the Future, Earth Interact., 9, 1–27,
https://doi.org/10.1175/EI156.1, 2005. a
Simón-Moral, A., Santiago, J., Krayenhoff, E., and Martilli, A.: Streamwise
Versus Spanwise Spacing of Obstacle Arrays: Parametrization of the Effects on
Drag and Turbulence, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 151, 579–596,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-013-9901-3, 2014. a
Simón-Moral, A., Santiago, J., and Martilli, A.: Effects of Unstable Thermal
Stratification on Vertical Fluxes of Heat and Momentum in Urban Areas,
Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 163, 103–121, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-016-0211-4, 2017. a
Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D. O., Barker, D. M., Duda,
M. G., Huang, X.-Y., Wang, W., and Powers, J. G.: A Description of the
Advanced Research WRF Version 3, Tech. rep., National Center for Atmospheric
Research Boulder, Colorado, USA, 2008. a
Séférian, R., Nabat, P., Michou, M., Saint-Martin, D., Voldoire, A., Colin,
J., Decharme, B., Delire, C., Berthet, S., Chevallier, M., Sénési, S.,
Franchisteguy, L., Vial, J., Mallet, M., Joetzjer, E., Geoffroy, O.,
Guérémy, J.-F., Moine, M.-P., Msadek, R., Ribes, A., Rocher, M., Roehrig,
R., Salas-y Mélia, D., Sanchez, E., Terray, L., Valcke, S., Waldman, R.,
Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Deshayes, J., Éthé, C., and Madec, G.: Evaluation of
CNRM Earth System Model, CNRM-ESM2-1: Role of Earth System Processes in
Present-Day and Future Climate, J. Adv. Model. Earth
Sy., 11, 4182–4227, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001791, 2019. a
Termonia, P., Fischer, C., Bazile, E., Bouyssel, F., Brožková, R., Bénard, P., Bochenek, B., Degrauwe, D., Derková, M., El Khatib, R., Hamdi, R., Mašek, J., Pottier, P., Pristov, N., Seity, Y., Smolíková, P., Španiel, O., Tudor, M., Wang, Y., Wittmann, C., and Joly, A.: The ALADIN System and its canonical model configurations AROME CY41T1 and ALARO CY40T1, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 257–281, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-257-2018, 2018. a
Trusilova, K., Schubert, S., Wouters, H., Früh, B., Grossman-Clarke, S.,
Demuzere, M., and Becker, P.: The urban land use in the COSMO-CLM model: a
comparison of three parameterizations for Berlin, Meteorol.
Z., 25, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.1127/metz/2015/0587, 2016. a
Unger, J.: Urban-rural air humidity differences in Szeged, Hungary,
Int. J. Climatol., 19, 1509–1515, 1999. a
Uno, I., Ueda, H., and Wakamatsu, S.: Numerical modeling of the nocturnal urban
boundary layer, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 49, 77–98,
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116406, 1989. a
Voldoire, A., Decharme, B., Pianezze, J., Lebeaupin Brossier, C., Sevault, F., Seyfried, L., Garnier, V., Bielli, S., Valcke, S., Alias, A., Accensi, M., Ardhuin, F., Bouin, M.-N., Ducrocq, V., Faroux, S., Giordani, H., Léger, F., Marsaleix, P., Rainaud, R., Redelsperger, J.-L., Richard, E., and Riette, S.: SURFEX v8.0 interface with OASIS3-MCT to couple atmosphere with hydrology, ocean, waves and sea-ice models, from coastal to global scales, Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4207–4227, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4207-2017, 2017. a
Vu, C. T., Asaeda, T., and Ashie, Y.: Development of a numerical model for the
evaluation of the urban thermal environment, J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 81, 181–196,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00016-1, 1999. a
Vu, C. T., Asaeda, T., and Ashie, Y.: A k-*epsiv Turbulence Closure Model For
The Atmospheric Boundary Layer Including Urban Canopy, Bound.-Lay.
Meteorol., 102, 459–490, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013878907309, 2002. a
Wang, D., Lau, K. K.-L., Ren, C., Goggins, W. B. I., Shi, Y., Ho, H. C., Lee,
T.-C., Lee, L.-S., Woo, J., and Ng, E.: The impact of extremely hot weather
events on all-cause mortality in a highly urbanized and densely populated
subtropical city: A 10-year time-series study (2006–2015), Sci.
Total Environ., 690, 923–931,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.039, 2019. a
Wang, X., Liao, J., Zhang, J., Shen, C., Chen, W., Xia, B., and Wang, T.: A
Numeric Study of Regional Climate Change Induced by Urban Expansion in the
Pearl River Delta, China, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 53,
346–362, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-13-054.1, 2014. a, b, c, d
Wang, Y., Di Sabatino, S., Martilli, A., Li, Y., Wong, M. S., Gutiérrez, E.,
and Chan, P. W.: Impact of land surface heterogeneity on urban heat island
circulation and sea-land breeze circulation in Hong Kong, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 4332–4352,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026702, 2017. a, b, c, d, e, f, g
Wang, Y., Li, Y., Sabatino, S. D., Martilli, A., and Chan, P. W.: Effects of
anthropogenic heat due to air-conditioning systems on an extreme high
temperature event in Hong Kong, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 034015,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa848, 2018. a, b
Wong, M. M. F., Fung, J. C. H., Ching, J., Yeung, P. P. S., Tse, J. W. P., Ren,
C., Wang, R., and Cai, M.: Evaluation of uWRF performance and modeling
guidance based on WUDAPT and NUDAPT UCP datasets for Hong Kong, Urban
Climate, 28, 100460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100460, 2019.
a, b, c, d, e
Wong, M. S., Yang, J., Nichol, J., Weng, Q., Menenti, M., and Chan,
P.: Modeling of Anthropogenic Heat Flux Using HJ-1B Chinese Small Satellite
Image: A Study of Heterogeneous Urbanized Areas in Hong Kong, IEEE Geosci.
Remote S., 12, 1466–1470, https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2015.2409111,
2015. a
Short summary
Cities change the local meteorological conditions, e.g. by increasing air temperature, which can negatively impact humans and infrastructure. The urban climate model TEB is able to calculate the meteorological conditions in low- and mid-rise cities since it interacts with the lowest level of an atmospheric model. Here, a multi-layer coupling of TEB is introduced to enable modelling the urban climate of cities with many skyscrapers; the new version is tested for the high-rise city of Hong Kong.
Cities change the local meteorological conditions, e.g. by increasing air temperature, which can...
Special issue