Articles | Volume 13, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1459-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1459-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
25 Mar 2020
Model description paper |
| 25 Mar 2020
| 25 Mar 2020
HETEROFOR 1.0: a spatially explicit model for exploring the response of structurally complex forests to uncertain future conditions – Part 2: Phenology and water cycle
Louis de Wergifosse
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
Frédéric André
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
Nicolas Beudez
AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier,
France
François de Coligny
AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier,
France
Hugues Goosse
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
François Jonard
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
Quentin Ponette
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
Hugues Titeux
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
Caroline Vincke
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
Mathieu Jonard
Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,
Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
Related authors
Mathieu Jonard, Frédéric André, François de Coligny, Louis de Wergifosse, Nicolas Beudez, Hendrik Davi, Gauthier Ligot, Quentin Ponette, and Caroline Vincke
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 905–935, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-905-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-905-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To explore the forest response to new forestry practices under a changing environment, one needs models combining a process-based approach with a detailed spatial representation, which is very rare. We decided to develop our own model according to a spatially explicit approach describing individual tree growth based on resource sharing (light, water and nutrients). A first evaluation showed that HETEROFOR predicts well individual radial growth and is able to reproduce size–growth relationships.
Ting-Chen Chen, Hugues Goosse, Matthias Aengenheyster, Kristian Strommen, Christopher Roberts, Malcolm Roberts, Rohit Ghosh, Jin-Song von Storch, and Stephy Libera
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-666, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-666, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Weather and Climate Dynamics (WCD).
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is a key driver of Southern Hemisphere climate variability, but global models often overestimate its persistence in summer. Using high-resolution models, we show this bias can be reduced, along with some improvements in jet latitude and likely a better-resolved eddy-mean flow feedback. Controlled experiments reveal the potential roles of sea surface temperature biases and ocean mesoscales, underscoring the complex mechanisms shaping SAM persistence.
Louis Delval, Jordan Bates, François Jonard, and Mathieu Javaux
Biogeosciences, 22, 513–534, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-513-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-513-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
The accurate quantification of grapevine water status is crucial for winemakers as it significantly impacts wine quality. It is acknowledged that within a single vineyard, the variability of grapevine water status can be significant. The within-field spatial distribution of soil hydraulic conductance and weather conditions are the primary factors governing the leaf water potential spatial heterogeneity and extent observed in non-irrigated vineyards, and their effects are concomitant.
Jacob A. Nelson, Sophia Walther, Fabian Gans, Basil Kraft, Ulrich Weber, Kimberly Novick, Nina Buchmann, Mirco Migliavacca, Georg Wohlfahrt, Ladislav Šigut, Andreas Ibrom, Dario Papale, Mathias Göckede, Gregory Duveiller, Alexander Knohl, Lukas Hörtnagl, Russell L. Scott, Jiří Dušek, Weijie Zhang, Zayd Mahmoud Hamdi, Markus Reichstein, Sergio Aranda-Barranco, Jonas Ardö, Maarten Op de Beeck, Dave Billesbach, David Bowling, Rosvel Bracho, Christian Brümmer, Gustau Camps-Valls, Shiping Chen, Jamie Rose Cleverly, Ankur Desai, Gang Dong, Tarek S. El-Madany, Eugenie Susanne Euskirchen, Iris Feigenwinter, Marta Galvagno, Giacomo A. Gerosa, Bert Gielen, Ignacio Goded, Sarah Goslee, Christopher Michael Gough, Bernard Heinesch, Kazuhito Ichii, Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski, Anne Klosterhalfen, Sara Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Mika Korkiakoski, Ivan Mammarella, Mana Gharun, Riccardo Marzuoli, Roser Matamala, Stefan Metzger, Leonardo Montagnani, Giacomo Nicolini, Thomas O'Halloran, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Matthias Peichl, Elise Pendall, Borja Ruiz Reverter, Marilyn Roland, Simone Sabbatini, Torsten Sachs, Marius Schmidt, Christopher R. Schwalm, Ankit Shekhar, Richard Silberstein, Maria Lucia Silveira, Donatella Spano, Torbern Tagesson, Gianluca Tramontana, Carlo Trotta, Fabio Turco, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Domenico Vitale, Enrique R. Vivoni, Yi Wang, William Woodgate, Enrico A. Yepez, Junhui Zhang, Donatella Zona, and Martin Jung
Biogeosciences, 21, 5079–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5079-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The movement of water, carbon, and energy from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere, or flux, is an important process to understand because it impacts our lives. Here, we outline a method called FLUXCOM-X to estimate global water and CO2 fluxes based on direct measurements from sites around the world. We go on to demonstrate how these new estimates of net CO2 uptake/loss, gross CO2 uptake, total water evaporation, and transpiration from plants compare to previous and independent estimates.
Marie Genevieve Paule Cavitte, Hugues Goosse, Quentin Dalaiden, and Nicolas Ghilain
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3140, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3140, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice cores in East Antarctica show contrasting records of past snowfall. We tested if large-scale weather patterns could explain this by combining ice core data with an atmospheric model and radar-derived errors. However, the reconstruction produced unrealistic wind patterns to fit the ice core records. We suggest that uncertainties are not fully captured and that small-scale local wind effects, not represented in the model, could significantly influence snowfall records in the ice cores.
Bianca Mezzina, Hugues Goosse, François Klein, Antoine Barthélemy, and François Massonnet
The Cryosphere, 18, 3825–3839, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3825-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-3825-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze years with extraordinarily low sea ice extent in Antarctica during summer, until the striking record in 2022. We highlight common aspects among these events, such as the fact that the exceptional melting usually occurs in two key regions and that it is related to winds with a similar direction. We also investigate whether the summer conditions are preceded by an unusual state of the sea ice during the previous winter, as well as the physical processes involved.
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Hugues Goosse, Kenichi Matsuoka, Sarah Wauthy, Vikram Goel, Rahul Dey, Bhanu Pratap, Brice Van Liefferinge, Thamban Meloth, and Jean-Louis Tison
The Cryosphere, 17, 4779–4795, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4779-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-4779-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The net accumulation of snow over Antarctica is key for assessing current and future sea-level rise. Ice cores record a noisy snowfall signal to verify model simulations. We find that ice core net snowfall is biased to lower values for ice rises and the Dome Fuji site (Antarctica), while the relative uncertainty in measuring snowfall increases rapidly with distance away from the ice core sites at the ice rises but not at Dome Fuji. Spatial variation in snowfall must therefore be considered.
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciéle Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, and Alexey A. Ekaykin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 2517–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2517-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of sodium and sulfate measured in Antarctic ice cores is related to changes in both sea ice and winds. Here we have compiled a database of sodium and sulfate records from 105 ice core sites in Antarctica. The records span all, or part, of the past 2000 years. The records will improve our understanding of how winds and sea ice have changed in the past and how they have influenced the climate of Antarctica over the past 2000 years.
Koffi Worou, Thierry Fichefet, and Hugues Goosse
Weather Clim. Dynam., 4, 511–530, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-511-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-4-511-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Atlantic equatorial mode (AEM) of variability is partly responsible for the year-to-year rainfall variability over the Guinea coast. We used the current climate models to explore the present-day and future links between the AEM and the extreme rainfall indices over the Guinea coast. Under future global warming, the total variability of the extreme rainfall indices increases over the Guinea coast. However, the future impact of the AEM on extreme rainfall events decreases over the region.
Nathaelle Bouttes, Fanny Lhardy, Aurélien Quiquet, Didier Paillard, Hugues Goosse, and Didier M. Roche
Clim. Past, 19, 1027–1042, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1027-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1027-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The last deglaciation is a period of large warming from 21 000 to 9000 years ago, concomitant with ice sheet melting. Here, we evaluate the impact of different ice sheet reconstructions and different processes linked to their changes. Changes in bathymetry and coastlines, although not often accounted for, cannot be neglected. Ice sheet melt results in freshwater into the ocean with large effects on ocean circulation, but the timing cannot explain the observed abrupt climate changes.
Andrew P. Schurer, Gabriele C. Hegerl, Hugues Goosse, Massimo A. Bollasina, Matthew H. England, Michael J. Mineter, Doug M. Smith, and Simon F. B. Tett
Clim. Past, 19, 943–957, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-943-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-943-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We adopt an existing data assimilation technique to constrain a model simulation to follow three important modes of variability, the North Atlantic Oscillation, El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode. How it compares to the observed climate is evaluated, with improvements over simulations without data assimilation found over many regions, particularly the tropics, the North Atlantic and Europe, and discrepancies with global cooling following volcanic eruptions are reconciled.
Arthur Guignabert, Quentin Ponette, Frédéric André, Christian Messier, Philippe Nolet, and Mathieu Jonard
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1661–1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1661-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1661-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Spatially explicit and process-based models are useful to test innovative forestry practices under changing and uncertain conditions. However, their larger use is often limited by the restricted range of species and stand structures they can reliably account for. We therefore calibrated and evaluated such a model, HETEROFOR, for 23 species across southern Québec. Our results showed that the model is robust and can predict accurately both individual tree growth and stand dynamics in this region.
Hugues Goosse, Sofia Allende Contador, Cecilia M. Bitz, Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Clare Eayrs, Thierry Fichefet, Kenza Himmich, Pierre-Vincent Huot, François Klein, Sylvain Marchi, François Massonnet, Bianca Mezzina, Charles Pelletier, Lettie Roach, Martin Vancoppenolle, and Nicole P. M. van Lipzig
The Cryosphere, 17, 407–425, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-407-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-407-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using idealized sensitivity experiments with a regional atmosphere–ocean–sea ice model, we show that sea ice advance is constrained by initial conditions in March and the retreat season is influenced by the magnitude of several physical processes, in particular by the ice–albedo feedback and ice transport. Atmospheric feedbacks amplify the response of the winter ice extent to perturbations, while some negative feedbacks related to heat conduction fluxes act on the ice volume.
Pepijn Bakker, Hugues Goosse, and Didier M. Roche
Clim. Past, 18, 2523–2544, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Natural climate variability plays an important role in the discussion of past and future climate change. Here we study centennial temperature variability and the role of large-scale ocean circulation variability using different climate models, geological reconstructions and temperature observations. Unfortunately, uncertainties in models and geological reconstructions are such that more research is needed before we can describe the characteristics of natural centennial temperature variability.
Guillian Van Achter, Thierry Fichefet, Hugues Goosse, and Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro
The Cryosphere, 16, 4745–4761, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4745-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4745-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the changes in ocean–ice interactions in the Totten Glacier area between the last decades (1995–2014) and the end of the 21st century (2081–2100) under warmer climate conditions. By the end of the 21st century, the sea ice is strongly reduced, and the ocean circulation close to the coast is accelerated. Our research highlights the importance of including representations of fast ice to simulate realistic ice shelf melt rate increase in East Antarctica under warming conditions.
Nidheesh Gangadharan, Hugues Goosse, David Parkes, Heiko Goelzer, Fabien Maussion, and Ben Marzeion
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 1417–1435, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1417-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-1417-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We describe the contributions of ocean thermal expansion and land-ice melting (ice sheets and glaciers) to global-mean sea-level (GMSL) changes in the Common Era. The mass contributions are the major sources of GMSL changes in the pre-industrial Common Era and glaciers are the largest contributor. The paper also describes the current state of climate modelling, uncertainties and knowledge gaps along with the potential implications of the past variabilities in the contemporary sea-level rise.
Jeanne Rezsöhazy, Quentin Dalaiden, François Klein, Hugues Goosse, and Joël Guiot
Clim. Past, 18, 2093–2115, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2093-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2093-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Using statistical tree-growth proxy system models in the data assimilation framework may have limitations. In this study, we successfully incorporate the process-based dendroclimatic model MAIDEN into a data assimilation procedure to robustly compare the outputs of an Earth system model with tree-ring width observations. Important steps are made to demonstrate that using MAIDEN as a proxy system model is a promising way to improve large-scale climate reconstructions with data assimilation.
Thomas Jagdhuber, François Jonard, Anke Fluhrer, David Chaparro, Martin J. Baur, Thomas Meyer, and María Piles
Biogeosciences, 19, 2273–2294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2273-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2273-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This is a concept study of water dynamics across winter wheat starting from ground-based L-band radiometry in combination with on-site measurements of soil and atmosphere. We research the feasibility of estimating water potentials and seasonal flux rates of water (water uptake from soil and transpiration rates into the atmosphere) within the soil-plant-atmosphere system (SPAS) of a winter wheat field. The main finding is that L-band radiometry can be integrated into field-based SPAS assessment.
Nicolas Ghilain, Stéphane Vannitsem, Quentin Dalaiden, Hugues Goosse, Lesley De Cruz, and Wenguang Wei
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1901–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1901-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1901-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling the climate at high resolution is crucial to represent the snowfall accumulation over the complex orography of the Antarctic coast. While ice cores provide a view constrained spatially but over centuries, climate models can give insight into its spatial distribution, either at high resolution over a short period or vice versa. We downscaled snowfall accumulation from climate model historical simulations (1850–present day) over Dronning Maud Land at 5.5 km using a statistical method.
Koffi Worou, Hugues Goosse, Thierry Fichefet, and Fred Kucharski
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 231–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-231-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-231-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Over the Guinea Coast, the increased rainfall associated with warm phases of the Atlantic Niño is reasonably well simulated by 24 climate models out of 31, for the present-day conditions. In a warmer climate, general circulation models project a gradual decrease with time of the rainfall magnitude associated with the Atlantic Niño for the 2015–2039, 2040–2069 and 2070–2099 periods. There is a higher confidence in these changes over the equatorial Atlantic than over the Guinea Coast.
Charles Pelletier, Thierry Fichefet, Hugues Goosse, Konstanze Haubner, Samuel Helsen, Pierre-Vincent Huot, Christoph Kittel, François Klein, Sébastien Le clec'h, Nicole P. M. van Lipzig, Sylvain Marchi, François Massonnet, Pierre Mathiot, Ehsan Moravveji, Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro, Pablo Ortega, Frank Pattyn, Niels Souverijns, Guillian Van Achter, Sam Vanden Broucke, Alexander Vanhulle, Deborah Verfaillie, and Lars Zipf
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 553–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present PARASO, a circumpolar model for simulating the Antarctic climate. PARASO features five distinct models, each covering different Earth system subcomponents (ice sheet, atmosphere, land, sea ice, ocean). In this technical article, we describe how this tool has been developed, with a focus on the
coupling interfacesrepresenting the feedbacks between the distinct models used for contribution. PARASO is stable and ready to use but is still characterized by significant biases.
Jan Pisek, Angela Erb, Lauri Korhonen, Tobias Biermann, Arnaud Carrara, Edoardo Cremonese, Matthias Cuntz, Silvano Fares, Giacomo Gerosa, Thomas Grünwald, Niklas Hase, Michal Heliasz, Andreas Ibrom, Alexander Knohl, Johannes Kobler, Bart Kruijt, Holger Lange, Leena Leppänen, Jean-Marc Limousin, Francisco Ramon Lopez Serrano, Denis Loustau, Petr Lukeš, Lars Lundin, Riccardo Marzuoli, Meelis Mölder, Leonardo Montagnani, Johan Neirynck, Matthias Peichl, Corinna Rebmann, Eva Rubio, Margarida Santos-Reis, Crystal Schaaf, Marius Schmidt, Guillaume Simioni, Kamel Soudani, and Caroline Vincke
Biogeosciences, 18, 621–635, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-621-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-621-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Understory vegetation is the most diverse, least understood component of forests worldwide. Understory communities are important drivers of overstory succession and nutrient cycling. Multi-angle remote sensing enables us to describe surface properties by means that are not possible when using mono-angle data. Evaluated over an extensive set of forest ecosystem experimental sites in Europe, our reported method can deliver good retrievals, especially over different forest types with open canopies.
Hugues Goosse, Quentin Dalaiden, Marie G. P. Cavitte, and Liping Zhang
Clim. Past, 17, 111–131, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-111-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-111-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Polynyas are ice-free oceanic areas within the sea ice pack. Small polynyas are regularly observed in the Southern Ocean, but large open-ocean polynyas have been rare over the past decades. Using records from available ice cores in Antarctica, we reconstruct past polynya activity and confirm that those events have also been rare over the past centuries, but the information provided by existing data is not sufficient to precisely characterize the timing of past polynya opening.
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Quentin Dalaiden, Hugues Goosse, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, and Elizabeth R. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 14, 4083–4102, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4083-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4083-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Surface mass balance (SMB) and surface air temperature (SAT) are correlated at the regional scale for most of Antarctica, SMB and δ18O. Areas with low/no correlation are where wind processes (foehn, katabatic wind warming, and erosion) are sufficiently active to overwhelm the synoptic-scale snow accumulation. Measured in ice cores, the link between SMB, SAT, and δ18O is much weaker. Random noise can be removed by core record averaging but local processes perturb the correlation systematically.
David Parkes and Hugues Goosse
The Cryosphere, 14, 3135–3153, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Direct records of glacier changes rarely go back more than the last 100 years and are few and far between. We used a sophisticated glacier model to simulate glacier length changes over the last 1000 years for those glaciers that we do have long-term records of, to determine whether the model can run in a stable, realistic way over a long timescale, reproducing recent observed trends. We find that post-industrial changes are larger than other changes in this time period driven by recent warming.
Zhiqiang Lyu, Anais J. Orsi, and Hugues Goosse
Clim. Past, 16, 1411–1428, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1411-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1411-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper uses two different ways to perform model–data comparisons for the borehole temperature in Antarctica. The results suggest most models generally reproduce the long-term cooling in West Antarctica from 1000 to 1600 CE and the recent 50 years of warming in West Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula. However, The 19th-century cooling in the Antarctic Peninsula (−0.94 °C) is not reproduced by any of the models, which tend to show warming instead.
Jeanne Rezsöhazy, Hugues Goosse, Joël Guiot, Fabio Gennaretti, Etienne Boucher, Frédéric André, and Mathieu Jonard
Clim. Past, 16, 1043–1059, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1043-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1043-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Tree rings are the main data source for climate reconstructions over the last millennium. Statistical tree-growth models have limitations that process-based models could overcome. Here, we investigate the possibility of using a process-based ecophysiological model (MAIDEN) as a complex proxy system model for palaeoclimate applications. We show its ability to simulate tree-growth index time series that can fit robustly tree-ring width observations under certain conditions.
Quentin Dalaiden, Hugues Goosse, François Klein, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Max Holloway, Louise Sime, and Elizabeth R. Thomas
The Cryosphere, 14, 1187–1207, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1187-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-1187-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Large uncertainties remain in Antarctic surface temperature reconstructions over the last millennium. Here, the analysis of climate model outputs reveals that snow accumulation is a more relevant proxy for surface temperature reconstructions than δ18O. We use this finding in data assimilation experiments to compare to observed surface temperatures. We show that our continental temperature reconstruction outperforms reconstructions based on δ18O, especially for East Antarctica.
Chris R. Flechard, Andreas Ibrom, Ute M. Skiba, Wim de Vries, Marcel van Oijen, David R. Cameron, Nancy B. Dise, Janne F. J. Korhonen, Nina Buchmann, Arnaud Legout, David Simpson, Maria J. Sanz, Marc Aubinet, Denis Loustau, Leonardo Montagnani, Johan Neirynck, Ivan A. Janssens, Mari Pihlatie, Ralf Kiese, Jan Siemens, André-Jean Francez, Jürgen Augustin, Andrej Varlagin, Janusz Olejnik, Radosław Juszczak, Mika Aurela, Daniel Berveiller, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Ulrich Dämmgen, Nicolas Delpierre, Vesna Djuricic, Julia Drewer, Eric Dufrêne, Werner Eugster, Yannick Fauvel, David Fowler, Arnoud Frumau, André Granier, Patrick Gross, Yannick Hamon, Carole Helfter, Arjan Hensen, László Horváth, Barbara Kitzler, Bart Kruijt, Werner L. Kutsch, Raquel Lobo-do-Vale, Annalea Lohila, Bernard Longdoz, Michal V. Marek, Giorgio Matteucci, Marta Mitosinkova, Virginie Moreaux, Albrecht Neftel, Jean-Marc Ourcival, Kim Pilegaard, Gabriel Pita, Francisco Sanz, Jan K. Schjoerring, Maria-Teresa Sebastià, Y. Sim Tang, Hilde Uggerud, Marek Urbaniak, Netty van Dijk, Timo Vesala, Sonja Vidic, Caroline Vincke, Tamás Weidinger, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Eiko Nemitz, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 17, 1583–1620, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1583-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Experimental evidence from a network of 40 monitoring sites in Europe suggests that atmospheric nitrogen deposition to forests and other semi-natural vegetation impacts the carbon sequestration rates in ecosystems, as well as the net greenhouse gas balance including other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. Excess nitrogen deposition in polluted areas also leads to other environmental impacts such as nitrogen leaching to groundwater and other pollutant gaseous emissions.
Chris R. Flechard, Marcel van Oijen, David R. Cameron, Wim de Vries, Andreas Ibrom, Nina Buchmann, Nancy B. Dise, Ivan A. Janssens, Johan Neirynck, Leonardo Montagnani, Andrej Varlagin, Denis Loustau, Arnaud Legout, Klaudia Ziemblińska, Marc Aubinet, Mika Aurela, Bogdan H. Chojnicki, Julia Drewer, Werner Eugster, André-Jean Francez, Radosław Juszczak, Barbara Kitzler, Werner L. Kutsch, Annalea Lohila, Bernard Longdoz, Giorgio Matteucci, Virginie Moreaux, Albrecht Neftel, Janusz Olejnik, Maria J. Sanz, Jan Siemens, Timo Vesala, Caroline Vincke, Eiko Nemitz, Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ute M. Skiba, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 17, 1621–1654, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1621-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1621-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen deposition from the atmosphere to unfertilized terrestrial vegetation such as forests can increase carbon dioxide uptake and favour carbon sequestration by ecosystems. However the data from observational networks are difficult to interpret in terms of a carbon-to-nitrogen response, because there are a number of other confounding factors, such as climate, soil physical properties and fertility, and forest age. We propose a model-based method to untangle the different influences.
Mathieu Jonard, Frédéric André, François de Coligny, Louis de Wergifosse, Nicolas Beudez, Hendrik Davi, Gauthier Ligot, Quentin Ponette, and Caroline Vincke
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 905–935, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-905-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-905-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To explore the forest response to new forestry practices under a changing environment, one needs models combining a process-based approach with a detailed spatial representation, which is very rare. We decided to develop our own model according to a spatially explicit approach describing individual tree growth based on resource sharing (light, water and nutrients). A first evaluation showed that HETEROFOR predicts well individual radial growth and is able to reproduce size–growth relationships.
Zhun Mao, Delphine Derrien, Markus Didion, Jari Liski, Thomas Eglin, Manuel Nicolas, Mathieu Jonard, and Laurent Saint-André
Biogeosciences, 16, 1955–1973, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1955-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1955-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In a context of global changes, modeling and predicting the dynamics of soil carbon stocks in forest ecosystems are vital but challenging. Yasso07 is considered to be one of the most promising models for such a purpose. We examine the accuracy of its prediction of soil carbon dynamics over the whole French metropolitan territory at a decennial timescale. We revealed how the bottleneck in soil carbon modeling is linked with the lack of knowledge on soil carbon quality and fine-root litter.
François Klein, Nerilie J. Abram, Mark A. J. Curran, Hugues Goosse, Sentia Goursaud, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Andrew Moy, Raphael Neukom, Anaïs Orsi, Jesper Sjolte, Nathan Steiger, Barbara Stenni, and Martin Werner
Clim. Past, 15, 661–684, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-661-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-661-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic temperature changes over the past millennia have been reconstructed from isotope records in ice cores in several studies. However, the link between both variables is complex. Here, we investigate the extent to which this affects the robustness of temperature reconstructions using pseudoproxy and data assimilation experiments. We show that the reconstruction skill is limited, especially at the regional scale, due to a weak and nonstationary covariance between δ18O and temperature.
Chris S. M. Turney, Helen V. McGregor, Pierre Francus, Nerilie Abram, Michael N. Evans, Hugues Goosse, Lucien von Gunten, Darrell Kaufman, Hans Linderholm, Marie-France Loutre, and Raphael Neukom
Clim. Past, 15, 611–615, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-611-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-611-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This PAGES (Past Global Changes) 2k (climate of the past 2000 years working group) special issue of Climate of the Past brings together the latest understanding of regional change and impacts from PAGES 2k groups across a range of proxies and regions. The special issue has emerged from a need to determine the magnitude and rate of change of regional and global climate beyond the timescales accessible within the observational record.
Hugues Goosse, Pierre-Yves Barriat, Quentin Dalaiden, François Klein, Ben Marzeion, Fabien Maussion, Paolo Pelucchi, and Anouk Vlug
Clim. Past, 14, 1119–1133, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1119-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1119-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Glaciers provide iconic illustrations of past climate change, but records of glacier length fluctuations have not been used systematically to test the ability of models to reproduce past changes. One reason is that glacier length depends on several complex factors and so cannot be simply linked to the climate simulated by models. This is done here, and it is shown that the observed glacier length fluctuations are generally well within the range of the simulations.
Feng Shi, Sen Zhao, Zhengtang Guo, Hugues Goosse, and Qiuzhen Yin
Clim. Past, 13, 1919–1938, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1919-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1919-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstructed the multi-proxy precipitation field for China over the past 500 years, which includes three leading modes (a monopole, a dipole, and a triple) of precipitation variability. The dipole mode may be controlled by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability. Such reconstruction is an essential source of information to document the climate variability over decadal to centennial timescales and can be used to assess the ability of climate models to simulate past climate change.
Kristina Seftigen, Hugues Goosse, Francois Klein, and Deliang Chen
Clim. Past, 13, 1831–1850, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1831-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1831-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Comparisons of proxy data to GCM-simulated hydroclimate are still limited and inter-model variability remains poorly characterized. In this study, we bring together tree-ring paleoclimate evidence and CMIP5–PMIP3 model simulations of the last millennium hydroclimate variability across Scandinavia. We explore the consistency between the datasets and the role of external forcing versus internal variability in driving the hydroclimate changes regionally.
Barbara Stenni, Mark A. J. Curran, Nerilie J. Abram, Anais Orsi, Sentia Goursaud, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Raphael Neukom, Hugues Goosse, Dmitry Divine, Tas van Ommen, Eric J. Steig, Daniel A. Dixon, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Elisabeth Isaksson, Alexey Ekaykin, Martin Werner, and Massimo Frezzotti
Clim. Past, 13, 1609–1634, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1609-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1609-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Within PAGES Antarctica2k, we build an enlarged database of ice core water stable isotope records. We produce isotopic composites and temperature reconstructions since 0 CE for seven distinct Antarctic regions. We find a significant cooling trend from 0 to 1900 CE across all regions. Since 1900 CE, significant warming trends are identified for three regions. Only for the Antarctic Peninsula is this most recent century-scale trend unusual in the context of last-2000-year natural variability.
Johann H. Jungclaus, Edouard Bard, Mélanie Baroni, Pascale Braconnot, Jian Cao, Louise P. Chini, Tania Egorova, Michael Evans, J. Fidel González-Rouco, Hugues Goosse, George C. Hurtt, Fortunat Joos, Jed O. Kaplan, Myriam Khodri, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Natalie Krivova, Allegra N. LeGrande, Stephan J. Lorenz, Jürg Luterbacher, Wenmin Man, Amanda C. Maycock, Malte Meinshausen, Anders Moberg, Raimund Muscheler, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Bette I. Otto-Bliesner, Steven J. Phipps, Julia Pongratz, Eugene Rozanov, Gavin A. Schmidt, Hauke Schmidt, Werner Schmutz, Andrew Schurer, Alexander I. Shapiro, Michael Sigl, Jason E. Smerdon, Sami K. Solanki, Claudia Timmreck, Matthew Toohey, Ilya G. Usoskin, Sebastian Wagner, Chi-Ju Wu, Kok Leng Yeo, Davide Zanchettin, Qiong Zhang, and Eduardo Zorita
Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4005–4033, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Climate model simulations covering the last millennium provide context for the evolution of the modern climate and for the expected changes during the coming centuries. They can help identify plausible mechanisms underlying palaeoclimatic reconstructions. Here, we describe the forcing boundary conditions and the experimental protocol for simulations covering the pre-industrial millennium. We describe the PMIP4 past1000 simulations as contributions to CMIP6 and additional sensitivity experiments.
Chris S.~M. Turney, Andrew Klekociuk, Christopher J. Fogwill, Violette Zunz, Hugues Goosse, Claire L. Parkinson, Gilbert Compo, Matthew Lazzara, Linda Keller, Rob Allan, Jonathan G. Palmer, Graeme Clark, and Ezequiel Marzinelli
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-51, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2017-51, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We demonstrate that a mid-twentieth century decrease in geopotential height in the southwest Pacific marks a Rossby wave response to equatorial Pacific warming, leading to enhanced easterly airflow off George V Land. Our results suggest that in contrast to ozone hole-driven changes in the Amundsen Sea, the 1979–2015 increase in sea ice extent off George V Land may be in response to reduced northward Ekman drift and enhanced (near-coast) production as a consequence of low latitude forcing.
Chris S. M. Turney, Christopher J. Fogwill, Jonathan G. Palmer, Erik van Sebille, Zoë Thomas, Matt McGlone, Sarah Richardson, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Pavla Fenwick, Violette Zunz, Hugues Goosse, Kerry-Jayne Wilson, Lionel Carter, Mathew Lipson, Richard T. Jones, Melanie Harsch, Graeme Clark, Ezequiel Marzinelli, Tracey Rogers, Eleanor Rainsley, Laura Ciasto, Stephanie Waterman, Elizabeth R. Thomas, and Martin Visbeck
Clim. Past, 13, 231–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-231-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-231-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in global climate but suffers from a dearth of observational data. As the Australasian Antarctic Expedition 2013–2014 we have developed the first annually resolved temperature record using trees from subantarctic southwest Pacific (52–54˚S) to extend the climate record back to 1870. With modelling we show today's high climate variability became established in the ~1940s and likely driven by a Rossby wave response originating from the tropical Pacific.
Marta Camino-Serrano, Elisabeth Graf Pannatier, Sara Vicca, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Mathieu Jonard, Philippe Ciais, Bertrand Guenet, Bert Gielen, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Peter Waldner, Sophia Etzold, Guia Cecchini, Nicholas Clarke, Zoran Galić, Laure Gandois, Karin Hansen, Jim Johnson, Uwe Klinck, Zora Lachmanová, Antti-Jussi Lindroos, Henning Meesenburg, Tiina M. Nieminen, Tanja G. M. Sanders, Kasia Sawicka, Walter Seidling, Anne Thimonier, Elena Vanguelova, Arne Verstraeten, Lars Vesterdal, and Ivan A. Janssens
Biogeosciences, 13, 5567–5585, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5567-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5567-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the long-term trends of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution and the drivers of changes in over 100 forest monitoring plots across Europe. An overall increasing trend was detected in the organic layers, but no overall trend was found in the mineral horizons. There are strong interactions between controls acting at local and regional scales. Our findings are relevant for researchers focusing on the link between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and for C-cycle models.
François Klein, Hugues Goosse, Nicholas E. Graham, and Dirk Verschuren
Clim. Past, 12, 1499–1518, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1499-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1499-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper analyses global climate model simulations of long-term East African hydroclimate changes relative to proxy-based reconstructions over the last millennium. No common signal is found between model results and reconstructions as well as among the model time series, which suggests that simulated hydroclimate is mostly driven by internal variability rather than by common external forcing.
V. Zunz and H. Goosse
The Cryosphere, 9, 541–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-541-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-541-2015, 2015
M. F. Loutre, T. Fichefet, H. Goosse, P. Huybrechts, H. Goelzer, and E. Capron
Clim. Past, 10, 1541–1565, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1541-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1541-2014, 2014
F. Klein, H. Goosse, A. Mairesse, and A. de Vernal
Clim. Past, 10, 1145–1163, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1145-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1145-2014, 2014
H. Goosse and V. Zunz
The Cryosphere, 8, 453–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-453-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-453-2014, 2014
A. Mairesse, H. Goosse, P. Mathiot, H. Wanner, and S. Dubinkina
Clim. Past, 9, 2741–2757, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2741-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2741-2013, 2013
S. Dubinkina and H. Goosse
Clim. Past, 9, 1141–1152, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1141-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1141-2013, 2013
M. Eby, A. J. Weaver, K. Alexander, K. Zickfeld, A. Abe-Ouchi, A. A. Cimatoribus, E. Crespin, S. S. Drijfhout, N. R. Edwards, A. V. Eliseev, G. Feulner, T. Fichefet, C. E. Forest, H. Goosse, P. B. Holden, F. Joos, M. Kawamiya, D. Kicklighter, H. Kienert, K. Matsumoto, I. I. Mokhov, E. Monier, S. M. Olsen, J. O. P. Pedersen, M. Perrette, G. Philippon-Berthier, A. Ridgwell, A. Schlosser, T. Schneider von Deimling, G. Shaffer, R. S. Smith, R. Spahni, A. P. Sokolov, M. Steinacher, K. Tachiiri, K. Tokos, M. Yoshimori, N. Zeng, and F. Zhao
Clim. Past, 9, 1111–1140, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1111-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1111-2013, 2013
P. Mathiot, H. Goosse, X. Crosta, B. Stenni, M. Braida, H. Renssen, C. J. Van Meerbeeck, V. Masson-Delmotte, A. Mairesse, and S. Dubinkina
Clim. Past, 9, 887–901, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-887-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-887-2013, 2013
V. Zunz, H. Goosse, and F. Massonnet
The Cryosphere, 7, 451–468, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-451-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-451-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Biogeosciences
FESOM2.1-REcoM3-MEDUSA2: an ocean–sea ice–biogeochemistry model coupled to a sediment model
Satellite-based modeling of wetland methane emissions on a global scale (SatWetCH4 1.0)
Systematic underestimation of type-specific ecosystem process variability in the Community Land Model v5 over Europe
Lambda-PFLOTRAN 1.0: a workflow for incorporating organic matter chemistry informed by ultra high resolution mass spectrometry into biogeochemical modeling
An improved model for air–sea exchange of elemental mercury in MITgcm-ECCOv4-Hg: the role of surfactants and waves
BOATSv2: new ecological and economic features improve simulations of high seas catch and effort
A dynamical process-based model for quantifying global agricultural ammonia emissions – AMmonia–CLIMate v1.0 (AMCLIM v1.0) – Part 1: Land module for simulating emissions from synthetic fertilizer use
Simulating Ips typographus L. outbreak dynamics and their influence on carbon balance estimates with ORCHIDEE r8627
Biological nitrogen fixation of natural and agricultural vegetation simulated with LPJmL 5.7.9
Learning from conceptual models – a study of the emergence of cooperation towards resource protection in a social–ecological system
The biogeochemical model Biome-BGCMuSo v6.2 provides plausible and accurate simulations of the carbon cycle in central European beech forests
China Wildfire Emission (ChinaWED v1) for the period 2012–2022
DeepPhenoMem V1.0: deep learning modelling of canopy greenness dynamics accounting for multi-variate meteorological memory effects on vegetation phenology
Impacts of land-use change on biospheric carbon: an oriented benchmark using the ORCHIDEE land surface model
Including the Phosphorus cycle into the LPJ-GUESS Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (v4.1, r10994) – Global patterns and temporal trends of N and P primary production limitation
Implementing the iCORAL (version 1.0) coral reef CaCO3 production module in the iLOVECLIM climate model
Assimilation of carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes within the adjoint-based data assimilation system – Nanjing University Carbon Assimilation System (NUCAS v1.0)
Quantifying the role of ozone-caused damage to vegetation in the Earth system: a new parameterization scheme for photosynthetic and stomatal responses
Sources of Uncertainty in the Global Fire Model SPITFIRE: Development of LPJmL-SPITFIRE1.9 and Directions for Future Improvements
Radiocarbon analysis reveals underestimation of soil organic carbon persistence in new-generation soil models
Exploring the potential of history matching for land surface model calibration
EAT v1.0.0: a 1D test bed for physical–biogeochemical data assimilation in natural waters
Using deep learning to integrate paleoclimate and global biogeochemistry over the Phanerozoic Eon
A comprehensive land surface vegetation model for multi-stream data assimilation, D&B v1.0
Modelling boreal forest's mineral soil and peat C dynamics with the Yasso07 model coupled with the Ricker moisture modifier
Process-based Modeling of Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence with VISIT-SIF version 1.0
The unicellular NUM v.0.91: A trait-based plankton model evaluated in two contrasting biogeographic provinces
Dynamic ecosystem assembly and escaping the “fire trap” in the tropics: insights from FATES_15.0.0
NN-TOC v1: global prediction of total organic carbon in marine sediments using deep neural networks
In silico calculation of soil pH by SCEPTER v1.0
Simple process-led algorithms for simulating habitats (SPLASH v.2.0): robust calculations of water and energy fluxes
A global behavioural model of human fire use and management: WHAM! v1.0
Terrestrial Ecosystem Model in R (TEMIR) version 1.0: simulating ecophysiological responses of vegetation to atmospheric chemical and meteorological changes
biospheremetrics v1.0.2: an R package to calculate two complementary terrestrial biosphere integrity indicators – human colonization of the biosphere (BioCol) and risk of ecosystem destabilization (EcoRisk)
Modeling boreal forest soil dynamics with the microbially explicit soil model MIMICS+ (v1.0)
Optimal enzyme allocation leads to the constrained enzyme hypothesis: the Soil Enzyme Steady Allocation Model (SESAM; v3.1)
Implementing a dynamic representation of fire and harvest including subgrid-scale heterogeneity in the tile-based land surface model CLASSIC v1.45
Inferring the tree regeneration niche from inventory data using a dynamic forest model
Optimising CH4 simulations from the LPJ-GUESS model v4.1 using an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm
The XSO framework (v0.1) and Phydra library (v0.1) for a flexible, reproducible, and integrated plankton community modeling environment in Python
AgriCarbon-EO v1.0.1: large-scale and high-resolution simulation of carbon fluxes by assimilation of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 reflectances using a Bayesian approach
SAMM version 1.0: a numerical model for microbial- mediated soil aggregate formation
A model of the within-population variability of budburst in forest trees
Computationally efficient parameter estimation for high-dimensional ocean biogeochemical models
The community-centered freshwater biogeochemistry model unified RIVE v1.0: a unified version for water column
Observation-based sowing dates and cultivars significantly affect yield and irrigation for some crops in the Community Land Model (CLM5)
The statistical emulators of GGCMI phase 2: responses of year-to-year variation of crop yield to CO2, temperature, water, and nitrogen perturbations
A novel Eulerian model based on central moments to simulate age and reactivity continua interacting with mixing processes
AdaScape 1.0: a coupled modelling tool to investigate the links between tectonics, climate, and biodiversity
An along-track Biogeochemical Argo modelling framework: a case study of model improvements for the Nordic seas
Ying Ye, Guy Munhoven, Peter Köhler, Martin Butzin, Judith Hauck, Özgür Gürses, and Christoph Völker
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 977–1000, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-977-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-977-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Many biogeochemistry models assume all material reaching the seafloor is remineralized and returned to solution, which is sufficient for studies on short-term climate change. Under long-term climate change, the carbon storage in sediments slows down carbon cycling and influences feedbacks in the atmosphere–ocean–sediment system. This paper describes the coupling of a sediment model to an ocean biogeochemistry model and presents results under the pre-industrial climate and under CO2 perturbation.
Juliette Bernard, Elodie Salmon, Marielle Saunois, Shushi Peng, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Antoine Berchet, Palingamoorthy Gnanamoorthy, Joachim Jansen, and Philippe Ciais
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 863–883, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-863-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-863-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Despite their importance, uncertainties remain in the evaluation of the drivers of temporal variability of methane emissions from wetlands on a global scale. Here, a simplified global model is developed, taking advantage of advances in remote-sensing data and in situ observations. The model reproduces the large spatial and temporal patterns of emissions, albeit with limitations in the tropics due to data scarcity. This model, while simple, can provide valuable insights into sensitivity analyses.
Christian Poppe Terán, Bibi S. Naz, Harry Vereecken, Roland Baatz, Rosie A. Fisher, and Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 287–317, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-287-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-287-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon and water exchanges between the atmosphere and the land surface contribute to water resource availability and climate change mitigation. Land surface models, like the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5), simulate these. This study finds that CLM5 and other data sets underestimate the magnitudes of and variability in carbon and water exchanges for the most abundant plant functional types compared to observations. It provides essential insights for further research into these processes.
Katherine A. Muller, Peishi Jiang, Glenn Hammond, Tasneem Ahmadullah, Hyun-Seob Song, Ravi Kukkadapu, Nicholas Ward, Madison Bowe, Rosalie K. Chu, Qian Zhao, Vanessa A. Garayburu-Caruso, Alan Roebuck, and Xingyuan Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8955–8968, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8955-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8955-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The new Lambda-PFLOTRAN workflow incorporates organic matter chemistry into reaction networks to simulate aerobic respiration and biogeochemistry. Lambda-PFLOTRAN is a Python-based workflow in a Jupyter notebook interface that digests raw organic matter chemistry data via Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, develops a representative reaction network, and completes a biogeochemical simulation with the open-source, parallel-reactive-flow, and transport code PFLOTRAN.
Ling Li, Peipei Wu, Peng Zhang, Shaojian Huang, and Yanxu Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8683–8695, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we incorporate sea surfactants and wave-breaking processes into MITgcm-ECCOv4-Hg. The updated model shows increased fluxes in high-wind-speed and high-wave regions and vice versa, enhancing spatial heterogeneity. It shows that elemental mercury (Hg0) transfer velocity is more sensitive to wind speed. These findings may elucidate the discrepancies in previous estimations and offer insights into global Hg cycling.
Jerome Guiet, Daniele Bianchi, Kim J. N. Scherrer, Ryan F. Heneghan, and Eric D. Galbraith
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8421–8454, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8421-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8421-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The BiOeconomic mArine Trophic Size-spectrum (BOATSv2) model dynamically simulates global commercial fish populations and their coupling with fishing activity, as emerging from environmental and economic drivers. New features, including separate pelagic and demersal populations, iron limitation, and spatial variation of fishing costs and management, improve the accuracy of high seas fisheries. The updated model code is available to simulate both historical and future scenarios.
Jize Jiang, David S. Stevenson, and Mark A. Sutton
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8181–8222, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8181-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8181-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A special model called AMmonia–CLIMate (AMCLIM) has been developed to understand and calculate NH3 emissions from fertilizer use and also taking into account how the environment influences these NH3 emissions. It is estimated that about 17 % of applied N in fertilizers was lost due to NH3 emissions. Hot and dry conditions and regions with high-pH soils can expect higher NH3 emissions.
Guillaume Marie, Jina Jeong, Hervé Jactel, Gunnar Petter, Maxime Cailleret, Matthew J. McGrath, Vladislav Bastrikov, Josefine Ghattas, Bertrand Guenet, Anne Sofie Lansø, Kim Naudts, Aude Valade, Chao Yue, and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8023–8047, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This research looks at how climate change influences forests, and particularly how altered wind and insect activities could make forests emit instead of absorb carbon. We have updated a land surface model called ORCHIDEE to better examine the effect of bark beetles on forest health. Our findings suggest that sudden events, such as insect outbreaks, can dramatically affect carbon storage, offering crucial insights into tackling climate change.
Stephen Björn Wirth, Johanna Braun, Jens Heinke, Sebastian Ostberg, Susanne Rolinski, Sibyll Schaphoff, Fabian Stenzel, Werner von Bloh, Friedhelm Taube, and Christoph Müller
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7889–7914, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7889-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7889-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new approach to modelling biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in the Lund–Potsdam–Jena managed Land dynamic global vegetation model. While in the original approach BNF depended on actual evapotranspiration, the new approach considers soil water content and temperature, vertical root distribution, the nitrogen (N) deficit and carbon (C) costs. The new approach improved simulated BNF compared to the scientific literature and the model ability to project future C and N cycle dynamics.
Saeed Harati-Asl, Liliana Perez, and Roberto Molowny-Horas
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7423–7443, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7423-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7423-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Social–ecological systems are the subject of many sustainability problems. Because of the complexity of these systems, we must be careful when intervening in them; otherwise we may cause irreversible damage. Using computer models, we can gain insight about these complex systems without harming them. In this paper we describe how we connected an ecological model of forest insect infestation with a social model of cooperation and simulated an intervention measure to save a forest from infestation.
Katarína Merganičová, Ján Merganič, Laura Dobor, Roland Hollós, Zoltán Barcza, Dóra Hidy, Zuzana Sitková, Pavel Pavlenda, Hrvoje Marjanovic, Daniel Kurjak, Michal Bošel'a, Doroteja Bitunjac, Maša Zorana Ostrogović Sever, Jiří Novák, Peter Fleischer, and Tomáš Hlásny
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7317–7346, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7317-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7317-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a multi-objective calibration approach leading to robust parameter values aiming to strike a balance between their local precision and broad applicability. Using the Biome-BGCMuSo model, we tested the calibrated parameter sets for simulating European beech forest dynamics across large environmental gradients. Leveraging data from 87 plots and five European countries, the results demonstrated reasonable local accuracy and plausible large-scale productivity responses.
Zhengyang Lin, Ling Huang, Hanqin Tian, Anping Chen, and Xuhui Wang
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-170, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-170, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfires release large amounts of greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. We developed a new model that provides near-real-time estimates of wildfire emissions in China. Our model improves the accuracy of burned area measurements and incorporates advanced data in fuel loads and emission factors. We found that most emissions come from agricultural fires, while emissions from forests and grasslands are decreasing. This model will help reduce the environmental impacts of wildfires.
Guohua Liu, Mirco Migliavacca, Christian Reimers, Basil Kraft, Markus Reichstein, Andrew D. Richardson, Lisa Wingate, Nicolas Delpierre, Hui Yang, and Alexander J. Winkler
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6683–6701, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study employs long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to model canopy greenness and phenology, integrating meteorological memory effects. The LSTM model outperforms traditional methods, enhancing accuracy in predicting greenness dynamics and phenological transitions across plant functional types. Highlighting the importance of multi-variate meteorological memory effects, our research pioneers unlock the secrets of vegetation phenology responses to climate change with deep learning techniques.
Thi Lan Anh Dinh, Daniel Goll, Philippe Ciais, and Ronny Lauerwald
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6725–6744, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6725-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6725-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The study assesses the performance of the dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) ORCHIDEE in capturing the impact of land-use change on carbon stocks across Europe. Comparisons with observations reveal that the model accurately represents carbon fluxes and stocks. Despite the underestimations in certain land-use conversions, the model describes general trends in soil carbon response to land-use change, aligning with the site observations.
Mateus Dantas de Paula, Matthew Forrest, David Warlind, João Paulo Darela Filho, Katrin Fleischer, Anja Rammig, and Thomas Hickler
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2592, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study maps global nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability and how they’ve changed from 1901 to 2018. We found that tropical regions are mostly P-limited, while temperate and boreal areas face N limitations. Over time, P limitation has increased, especially in the tropics, while N limitation has decreased. These shifts are key to understanding global plant growth and carbon storage, highlighting the importance of including P dynamics in ecosystem models.
Nathaelle Bouttes, Lester Kwiatkowski, Manon Berger, Victor Brovkin, and Guy Munhoven
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6513–6528, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6513-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6513-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs are crucial for biodiversity, but they also play a role in the carbon cycle on long time scales of a few thousand years. To better simulate the future and past evolution of coral reefs and their effect on the global carbon cycle, hence on atmospheric CO2 concentration, it is necessary to include coral reefs within a climate model. Here we describe the inclusion of coral reef carbonate production in a carbon–climate model and its validation in comparison to existing modern data.
Huajie Zhu, Mousong Wu, Fei Jiang, Michael Vossbeck, Thomas Kaminski, Xiuli Xing, Jun Wang, Weimin Ju, and Jing M. Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6337–6363, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6337-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6337-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this work, we developed the Nanjing University Carbon Assimilation System (NUCAS v1.0). Data assimilation experiments were conducted to demonstrate the robustness and investigate the feasibility and applicability of NUCAS. The assimilation of ecosystem carbonyl sulfide (COS) fluxes improved the model performance in gross primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and sensible heat, showing that COS provides constraints on parameters relevant to carbon-, water-, and energy-related processes.
Fang Li, Zhimin Zhou, Samuel Levis, Stephen Sitch, Felicity Hayes, Zhaozhong Feng, Peter B. Reich, Zhiyi Zhao, and Yanqing Zhou
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 6173–6193, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new scheme is developed to model the surface ozone damage to vegetation in regional and global process-based models. Based on 4210 data points from ozone experiments, it accurately reproduces statistically significant linear or nonlinear photosynthetic and stomatal responses to ozone in observations for all vegetation types. It also enables models to implicitly capture the variability in plant ozone tolerance and the shift among species within a vegetation type.
Luke Oberhagemann, Maik Billing, Werner von Bloh, Markus Drüke, Matthew Forrest, Simon P. K. Bowring, Jessica Hetzer, Jaime Ribalaygua Batalla, and Kirsten Thonicke
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1914, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1914, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Under climate change, the conditions for wildfires to form are becoming more frequent in many parts of the world. To help predict how wildfires will change in future, global fire models are being developed. We analyze and further develop one such model, SPITFIRE. Our work identifies and corrects sources of substantial bias in the model that are important to the global fire modelling field. With this analysis and these developments, we help to provide a crucial platform for future developments.
Alexander S. Brunmayr, Frank Hagedorn, Margaux Moreno Duborgel, Luisa I. Minich, and Heather D. Graven
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5961–5985, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A new generation of soil models promises to more accurately predict the carbon cycle in soils under climate change. However, measurements of 14C (the radioactive carbon isotope) in soils reveal that the new soil models face similar problems to the traditional models: they underestimate the residence time of carbon in soils and may therefore overestimate the net uptake of CO2 by the land ecosystem. Proposed solutions include restructuring the models and calibrating model parameters with 14C data.
Nina Raoult, Simon Beylat, James M. Salter, Frédéric Hourdin, Vladislav Bastrikov, Catherine Ottlé, and Philippe Peylin
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5779–5801, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5779-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5779-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We use computer models to predict how the land surface will respond to climate change. However, these complex models do not always simulate what we observe in real life, limiting their effectiveness. To improve their accuracy, we use sophisticated statistical and computational techniques. We test a technique called history matching against more common approaches. This method adapts well to these models, helping us better understand how they work and therefore how to make them more realistic.
Jorn Bruggeman, Karsten Bolding, Lars Nerger, Anna Teruzzi, Simone Spada, Jozef Skákala, and Stefano Ciavatta
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5619–5639, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5619-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5619-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand and predict the ocean’s capacity for carbon sequestration, its ability to supply food, and its response to climate change, we need the best possible estimate of its physical and biogeochemical properties. This is obtained through data assimilation which blends numerical models and observations. We present the Ensemble and Assimilation Tool (EAT), a flexible and efficient test bed that allows any scientist to explore and further develop the state of the art in data assimilation.
Dongyu Zheng, Andrew S. Merdith, Yves Goddéris, Yannick Donnadieu, Khushboo Gurung, and Benjamin J. W. Mills
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5413–5429, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5413-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5413-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses a deep learning method to upscale the time resolution of paleoclimate simulations to 1 million years. This improved resolution allows a climate-biogeochemical model to more accurately predict climate shifts. The method may be critical in developing new fully continuous methods that are able to be applied over a moving continental surface in deep time with high resolution at reasonable computational expense.
Wolfgang Knorr, Matthew Williams, Tea Thum, Thomas Kaminski, Michael Voßbeck, Marko Scholze, Tristan Quaife, Luke Smallmann, Susan Steele-Dunne, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Tim Green, Sönke Zähle, Mika Aurela, Alexandre Bouvet, Emanuel Bueechi, Wouter Dorigo, Tarek El-Madany, Mirco Migliavacca, Marika Honkanen, Yann Kerr, Anna Kontu, Juha Lemmetyinen, Hannakaisa Lindqvist, Arnaud Mialon, Tuuli Miinalainen, Gaetan Pique, Amanda Ojasalo, Shaun Quegan, Peter Rayner, Pablo Reyes-Muñoz, Nemesio Rodríguez-Fernández, Mike Schwank, Jochem Verrelst, Songyan Zhu, Dirk Schüttemeyer, and Matthias Drusch
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1534, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1534, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
When it comes to climate change, the land surfaces are where the vast majority of impacts happen. The task of monitoring those across the globe is formidable and must necessarily rely on satellites – at a significant cost: the measurements are only indirect and require comprehensive physical understanding. We have created a comprehensive modelling system that we offer to the research community to explore how satellite data can be better exploited to help us see what changes on our lands.
Boris Ťupek, Aleksi Lehtonen, Alla Yurova, Rose Abramoff, Bertrand Guenet, Elisa Bruni, Samuli Launiainen, Mikko Peltoniemi, Shoji Hashimoto, Xianglin Tian, Juha Heikkinen, Kari Minkkinen, and Raisa Mäkipää
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 5349–5367, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-5349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Updating the Yasso07 soil C model's dependency on decomposition with a hump-shaped Ricker moisture function improved modelled soil organic C (SOC) stocks in a catena of mineral and organic soils in boreal forest. The Ricker function, set to peak at a rate of 1 and calibrated against SOC and CO2 data using a Bayesian approach, showed a maximum in well-drained soils. Using SOC and CO2 data together with the moisture only from the topsoil humus was crucial for accurate model estimates.
Tatsuya Miyauchi, Makoto Saito, Hibiki M. Noda, Akihiko Ito, Tomomichi Kato, and Tsuneo Matsunaga
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1542, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1542, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is an effective indicator for monitoring photosynthetic activity. This paper introduces VISIT-SIF, a biogeochemical process-based model developed to represent the global SIF observed by GOSAT. Our model simulation reproduced the global distribution and seasonal variations of GOSAT SIF. The model can be utilized to improve photosynthetic process through the combination of biogeochemical modeling and GOSAT SIF.
Trine Frisbæk Hansen, Donald Eugene Canfield, Ken Haste Andersen, and Christian Jannik Bjerrum
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-53, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2024-53, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GMD
Short summary
Short summary
We describe and test the size-based NUM model, that define organisms by a single set of parameters, on planktonic unicellular ecosystems in a eutrophic and an oligotrophic site. Results show both sites can be modelled with similar parameters, and a robust performance over a wide range of parameters. The study show that the NUM model is useful for non-experts and applicable for modelling domains with limited ecosystem data. It holds promise for evolutionary scenarios and deep-time climate models.
Jacquelyn K. Shuman, Rosie A. Fisher, Charles Koven, Ryan Knox, Lara Kueppers, and Chonggang Xu
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4643–4671, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4643-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4643-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We adapt a fire behavior and effects module for use in a size-structured vegetation demographic model to test how climate, fire regime, and fire-tolerance plant traits interact to determine the distribution of tropical forests and grasslands. Our model captures the connection between fire disturbance and plant fire-tolerance strategies in determining plant distribution and provides a useful tool for understanding the vulnerability of these areas under changing conditions across the tropics.
Naveenkumar Parameswaran, Everardo González, Ewa Burwicz-Galerne, Malte Braack, and Klaus Wallmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1360, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1360, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research uses deep learning to predict organic carbon stocks in ocean sediments, crucial for understanding their role in the global carbon cycle. By analyzing over 22,000 samples and various seafloor characteristics, our model gives more accurate results than traditional methods. We estimate the top 10 cm of ocean sediments hold about 171 petagrams of carbon. This work enhances carbon stock estimates and helps plan future sampling strategies to better understand oceanic carbon burial.
Yoshiki Kanzaki, Isabella Chiaravalloti, Shuang Zhang, Noah J. Planavsky, and Christopher T. Reinhard
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4515–4532, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4515-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4515-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil pH is one of the most commonly measured agronomical and biogeochemical indices, mostly reflecting exchangeable acidity. Explicit simulation of both porewater and bulk soil pH is thus crucial to the accurate evaluation of alkalinity required to counteract soil acidification and the resulting capture of anthropogenic carbon dioxide through the enhanced weathering technique. This has been enabled by the updated reactive–transport SCEPTER code and newly developed framework to simulate soil pH.
David Sandoval, Iain Colin Prentice, and Rodolfo L. B. Nóbrega
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4229–4309, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4229-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4229-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Numerous estimates of water and energy balances depend on empirical equations requiring site-specific calibration, posing risks of "the right answers for the wrong reasons". We introduce novel first-principles formulations to calculate key quantities without requiring local calibration, matching predictions from complex land surface models.
Oliver Perkins, Matthew Kasoar, Apostolos Voulgarakis, Cathy Smith, Jay Mistry, and James D. A. Millington
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3993–4016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3993-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3993-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Wildfire is often presented in the media as a danger to human life. Yet globally, millions of people’s livelihoods depend on using fire as a tool. So, patterns of fire emerge from interactions between humans, land use, and climate. This complexity means scientists cannot yet reliably say how fire will be impacted by climate change. So, we developed a new model that represents globally how people use and manage fire. The model reveals the extent and diversity of how humans live with and use fire.
Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, and Timothy Lam
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3733–3764, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We have developed the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model in R (TEMIR), which simulates plant carbon and pollutant uptake and predicts their response to varying atmospheric conditions. This model is designed to couple with an atmospheric chemistry model so that questions related to plant–atmosphere interactions, such as the effects of climate change, rising CO2, and ozone pollution on forest carbon uptake, can be addressed. The model has been well validated with both ground and satellite observations.
Fabian Stenzel, Johanna Braun, Jannes Breier, Karlheinz Erb, Dieter Gerten, Jens Heinke, Sarah Matej, Sebastian Ostberg, Sibyll Schaphoff, and Wolfgang Lucht
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 3235–3258, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide an R package to compute two biosphere integrity metrics that can be applied to simulations of vegetation growth from the dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL. The pressure metric BioCol indicates that we humans modify and extract > 20 % of the potential preindustrial natural biomass production. The ecosystems state metric EcoRisk shows a high risk of ecosystem destabilization in many regions as a result of climate change and land, water, and fertilizer use.
Elin Ristorp Aas, Heleen A. de Wit, and Terje K. Berntsen
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2929–2959, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By including microbial processes in soil models, we learn how the soil system interacts with its environment and responds to climate change. We present a soil process model, MIMICS+, which is able to reproduce carbon stocks found in boreal forest soils better than a conventional land model. With the model we also find that when adding nitrogen, the relationship between soil microbes changes notably. Coupling the model to a vegetation model will allow for further study of these mechanisms.
Thomas Wutzler, Christian Reimers, Bernhard Ahrens, and Marion Schrumpf
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2705–2725, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Soil microbes provide a strong link for elemental fluxes in the earth system. The SESAM model applies an optimality assumption to model those linkages and their adaptation. We found that a previous heuristic description was a special case of a newly developed more rigorous description. The finding of new behaviour at low microbial biomass led us to formulate the constrained enzyme hypothesis. We now can better describe how microbially mediated linkages of elemental fluxes adapt across decades.
Salvatore R. Curasi, Joe R. Melton, Elyn R. Humphreys, Txomin Hermosilla, and Michael A. Wulder
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2683–2704, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2683-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2683-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Canadian forests are responding to fire, harvest, and climate change. Models need to quantify these processes and their carbon and energy cycling impacts. We develop a scheme that, based on satellite records, represents fire, harvest, and the sparsely vegetated areas that these processes generate. We evaluate model performance and demonstrate the impacts of disturbance on carbon and energy cycling. This work has implications for land surface modeling and assessing Canada’s terrestrial C cycle.
Yannek Käber, Florian Hartig, and Harald Bugmann
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2727–2753, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2727-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2727-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Many forest models include detailed mechanisms of forest growth and mortality, but regeneration is often simplified. Testing and improving forest regeneration models is challenging. We address this issue by exploring how forest inventories from unmanaged European forests can be used to improve such models. We find that competition for light among trees is captured by the model, unknown model components can be informed by forest inventory data, and climatic effects are challenging to capture.
Jalisha T. Kallingal, Johan Lindström, Paul A. Miller, Janne Rinne, Maarit Raivonen, and Marko Scholze
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 2299–2324, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2299-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2299-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By unlocking the mysteries of CH4 emissions from wetlands, our work improved the accuracy of the LPJ-GUESS vegetation model using Bayesian statistics. Via assimilation of long-term real data from a wetland, we significantly enhanced CH4 emission predictions. This advancement helps us better understand wetland contributions to atmospheric CH4, which are crucial for addressing climate change. Our method offers a promising tool for refining global climate models and guiding conservation efforts
Benjamin Post, Esteban Acevedo-Trejos, Andrew D. Barton, and Agostino Merico
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1175–1195, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Creating computational models of how phytoplankton grows in the ocean is a technical challenge. We developed a new tool set (Xarray-simlab-ODE) for building such models using the programming language Python. We demonstrate the tool set in a library of plankton models (Phydra). Our goal was to allow scientists to develop models quickly, while also allowing the model structures to be changed easily. This allows us to test many different structures of our models to find the most appropriate one.
Taeken Wijmer, Ahmad Al Bitar, Ludovic Arnaud, Remy Fieuzal, and Eric Ceschia
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 997–1021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-997-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-997-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Quantification of carbon fluxes of crops is an essential building block for the construction of a monitoring, reporting, and verification approach. We developed an end-to-end platform (AgriCarbon-EO) that assimilates, through a Bayesian approach, high-resolution (10 m) optical remote sensing data into radiative transfer and crop modelling at regional scale (100 x 100 km). Large-scale estimates of carbon flux are validated against in situ flux towers and yield maps and analysed at regional scale.
Moritz Laub, Sergey Blagodatsky, Marijn Van de Broek, Samuel Schlichenmaier, Benjapon Kunlanit, Johan Six, Patma Vityakon, and Georg Cadisch
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 931–956, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-931-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-931-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To manage soil organic matter (SOM) sustainably, we need a better understanding of the role that soil microbes play in aggregate protection. Here, we propose the SAMM model, which connects soil aggregate formation to microbial growth. We tested it against data from a tropical long-term experiment and show that SAMM effectively represents the microbial growth, SOM, and aggregate dynamics and that it can be used to explore the importance of aggregate formation in SOM stabilization.
Jianhong Lin, Daniel Berveiller, Christophe François, Heikki Hänninen, Alexandre Morfin, Gaëlle Vincent, Rui Zhang, Cyrille Rathgeber, and Nicolas Delpierre
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 865–879, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-865-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-865-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Currently, the high variability of budburst between individual trees is overlooked. The consequences of this neglect when projecting the dynamics and functioning of tree communities are unknown. Here we develop the first process-oriented model to describe the difference in budburst dates between individual trees in plant populations. Beyond budburst, the model framework provides a basis for studying the dynamics of phenological traits under climate change, from the individual to the community.
Skyler Kern, Mary E. McGuinn, Katherine M. Smith, Nadia Pinardi, Kyle E. Niemeyer, Nicole S. Lovenduski, and Peter E. Hamlington
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 621–649, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-621-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-621-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Computational models are used to simulate the behavior of marine ecosystems. The models often have unknown parameters that need to be calibrated to accurately represent observational data. Here, we propose a novel approach to simultaneously determine a large set of parameters for a one-dimensional model of a marine ecosystem in the surface ocean at two contrasting sites. By utilizing global and local optimization techniques, we estimate many parameters in a computationally efficient manner.
Shuaitao Wang, Vincent Thieu, Gilles Billen, Josette Garnier, Marie Silvestre, Audrey Marescaux, Xingcheng Yan, and Nicolas Flipo
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 449–476, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-449-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-449-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents unified RIVE v1.0, a unified version of the freshwater biogeochemistry model RIVE. It harmonizes different RIVE implementations, providing the referenced formalisms for microorganism activities to describe full biogeochemical cycles in the water column (e.g., carbon, nutrients, oxygen). Implemented as open-source projects in Python 3 (pyRIVE 1.0) and ANSI C (C-RIVE 0.32), unified RIVE v1.0 promotes and enhances collaboration among research teams and public services.
Sam S. Rabin, William J. Sacks, Danica L. Lombardozzi, Lili Xia, and Alan Robock
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7253–7273, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7253-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7253-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate models can help us simulate how the agricultural system will be affected by and respond to environmental change, but to be trustworthy they must realistically reproduce historical patterns. When farmers plant their crops and what varieties they choose will be important aspects of future adaptation. Here, we improve the crop component of a global model to better simulate observed growing seasons and examine the impacts on simulated crop yields and irrigation demand.
Weihang Liu, Tao Ye, Christoph Müller, Jonas Jägermeyr, James A. Franke, Haynes Stephens, and Shuo Chen
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7203–7221, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7203-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7203-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a machine-learning-based crop model emulator with the inputs and outputs of multiple global gridded crop model ensemble simulations to capture the year-to-year variation of crop yield under future climate change. The emulator can reproduce the year-to-year variation of simulated yield given by the crop models under CO2, temperature, water, and nitrogen perturbations. Developing this emulator can provide a tool to project future climate change impact in a simple way.
Jurjen Rooze, Heewon Jung, and Hagen Radtke
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 7107–7121, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7107-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-7107-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Chemical particles in nature have properties such as age or reactivity. Distributions can describe the properties of chemical concentrations. In nature, they are affected by mixing processes, such as chemical diffusion, burrowing animals, and bottom trawling. We derive equations for simulating the effect of mixing on central moments that describe the distributions. We then demonstrate applications in which these equations are used to model continua in disturbed natural environments.
Esteban Acevedo-Trejos, Jean Braun, Katherine Kravitz, N. Alexia Raharinirina, and Benoît Bovy
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6921–6941, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6921-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6921-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The interplay of tectonics and climate influences the evolution of life and the patterns of biodiversity we observe on earth's surface. Here we present an adaptive speciation component coupled with a landscape evolution model that captures the essential earth-surface, ecological, and evolutionary processes that lead to the diversification of taxa. We can illustrate with our tool how life and landforms co-evolve to produce distinct biodiversity patterns on geological timescales.
Veli Çağlar Yumruktepe, Erik Askov Mousing, Jerry Tjiputra, and Annette Samuelsen
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 6875–6897, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-6875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We present an along BGC-Argo track 1D modelling framework. The model physics is constrained by the BGC-Argo temperature and salinity profiles to reduce the uncertainties related to mixed layer dynamics, allowing the evaluation of the biogeochemical formulation and parameterization. We objectively analyse the model with BGC-Argo and satellite data and improve the model biogeochemical dynamics. We present the framework, example cases and routines for model improvement and implementations.
Cited articles
Ahmadi, M. T., Attarod, P., Mohadjer, M. R. M., Rahmani, R., and Fathi, J.:
Partitioning rainfall into throughfall, stemflow, and interception loss in
an oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest during the growing
season, Turk. J. Agr. Forest, 33, 557–568, 2009.
Ainsworth, E. A. and Long, S. P.: What have we learned from 15 years of
free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of
photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2, New
Phytol., 165, 351–372, 2005.
Allen, C. D., Breshears, D. D., and McDowell, N. G.: On underestimation of
global vulnerability to tree mortality and forest die-off from hotter
drought in the Anthropocene, Ecosphere, 6, 1–55, 2015.
An, H. and Noh, S. J.: High-order averaging method of hydraulic
conductivity for accurate soil moisture modelling, J. Hydrol., 516, 119–130,
2014.
Anderegg W. R., Konings A. G., Trugman A. T., Yu K., Bowling D. R., Gabbitas
R., and Zenes N.: Hydraulic diversity of forests regulates ecosystem resilience
during drought, Nature, 561, 538–541, 2018.
André, F. and Ponette, Q.: Comparison of biomass and nutrient content
between oak (Quercus petraea) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) trees in a
coppice-with-standards stand in Chimay (Belgium), Ann. Sci. Forest., 60,
489–502, 2003.
André, F., Jonard, M., and Ponette, Q.: Influence of species and rain
event characteristics on stemflow volume in a temperate mixed oak–beech
stand, Hydrol. Process., 22, 4455–4466, 2008a.
André, F., Jonard, M., and Ponette, Q.: Precipitation water storage
capacity in a temperate mixed oak–beech canopy, Hydrol. Process., 22,
4130–4141, 2008b.
André, F., Jonard, M., and Ponette, Q.: Effects of biological and
meteorological factors on stemflow chemistry within a temperate mixed
oak–beech stand, Sci. Total Environ., 393, 72–83, 2008c.
Assouline, S. and Or, D.: Anisotropy factor of saturated and unsaturated soils,
Water Resour. Res., 42, W12403, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005001, 2006.
Aubertin, G. M.: Nature and extent of macropores in forest soils and their
influence on subsurface water movement, USDA For. Serv. NE Res., Res. Pap. NE-192, 1971.
Augspurger, C. K. and Bartlett, E. A.: Differences in leaf phenology between
juvenile and adult trees in a temperate deciduous forest, Tree Physiol.,
23, 517–525, 2003.
Aussenac, G.: Interception des précipitations par le couvert
forestier, Ann. Sci. Forest., 25, 135–156, 1968.
Aussenac, G.: Action du couvert forestier sur la distribution au sol des
précipitations, Ann. Sci. Forest., 27, 383–399, 1970.
Aussenac, G. and Boulangeat, C.: Interception des précipitations et
évapotranspiration réelle dans des peuplements de feuillu (Fagus
silvatica L.) et de résineux (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco), Ann.
Sci. Forest., 37, 91–107, 1980.
Basler, D. and Körner, C.: Photoperiod sensitivity of bud burst in 14
temperate forest tree species, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 165, 73–81, 2012.
Basler, D.: Evaluating phenological models for the prediction of leaf-out
dates in six temperate tree species across central Europe, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 217, 10–21, 2016.
Bastrup-Birk, A. and Gundersen, P.: Water quality improvements from afforestation in an agricultural catchment in Denmark illustrated with the INCA model, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 764–777, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-764-2004, 2004.
Bazuhair, A. S. and Wood, W. W.: Chloride mass-balance method for
estimating ground water recharge in arid areas: examples from western Saudi
Arabia, J. Hydrol., 186, 153–159, 1996.
Bellot, J. and Escarre, A.: Stemflow and throughfall determination in a
resprouted Mediterranean holm-oak forest, Ann. Sci. Forest., 55,
847–865, 1998.
Bennett, A. C., McDowell, N. G., Allen, C. D., and Anderson-Teixeira, K. J.:
Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide, Nat.
Plants, 1, 15139, https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.139, 2015.
Bent, G. C.: Effects of forest-management activities on runoff components
and ground-water recharge to Quabbin Reservoir, central
Massachusetts, Forest Ecol. Manag., 143, 115–129, 2001.
Berger, U., Piou, C., Schiffers, K., and Grimm, V.: Competition among plants:
concepts, individual-based modelling approaches, and a proposal for a future
research strategy, Perspect. Plant Ecol., 9, 121–135, 2008.
Beuker, E., Raspe, S., Bastrup-Birk, A., Preuhsler, T., and Fleck, S.: Part
VI: Phenological Observations, in: UNECE ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating
Centre: Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment,
monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests,
Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, 1–12, 2016.
Binkley, D., Campoe, O. C., Gspaltl, M., and Forrester, D. I.: Light absorption
and use efficiency in forests: Why patterns differ for trees and
stands, Forest Ecol. Manag., 288, 5–13, 2013.
Bonan, G. B.: Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the
climate benefits of forests, Science, 320, 1444–1449, 2008.
Bravo, F., Fabrika, M., Ammer, C., Barreiro, S., Bielak, K., Coll, L.,
Fonseca, T., Kangur, A., Löf, M., Merganicova, K., Pach, M., Pretzsch,
H., Stojanovic, D., Schuler, L., Peric, S., Rötzer, T., del Rio, M.,
Dodan, M., and Bravo-Oviedo, A.: Modelling approaches for mixed forests dynamics prognosis, Research gaps and opportunities, Forest Syst., 28, eR002,
https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2019281-14342, 2019.
Bücking, W. and Krebs, A.: Interzeption und Bestandesniederschläge
von Buche und Fichte im Schönbuch, Das landschaftsökologische
Forschungsprojekt Naturpark Schönbuch, 113–131, 1986.
Buckley, T. N.: Modeling stomatal conductance, Plant Physiol., 174,
572–582, 2017.
Bussotti, F. and Pollastrini, M.: Observing climate change impacts on European
forests: what works and what does not in ongoing long-term monitoring
networks, Front. Plant Sci., 8, 629, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00629, 2017.
Carlyle‐Moses, D. E. and Price, A. G.: Growing‐season stemflow production within a deciduous forest of southern Ontario, Hydrol. Process., 20, 3651–3663, 2006.
Cepel, N. V.: Interzeption (= Niederschlagsverdunstung im Kronenraum) in
einem Buchen-, einem Eichen-und einem Kiefernbestand des Belgrader Waldes
bei Istanbul, Forstwiss. Centralbl., 86, 301–314, 1967.
Charru, M., Seynave, I., Hervé, J. C., Bertrand, R., and Bontemps, J. D.:
Recent growth changes in Western European forests are driven by climate
warming and structured across tree species climatic habitats, Ann. For.
Sci., 74, 33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-017-0626-1, 2017.
Chiang, J. M. and Brown, K. J.: Improving the budburst phenology subroutine
in the forest carbon model PnET, Ecol. Model., 205, 515–526, 2007.
Choat, B., Brodribb, T. J., Brodersen, C. R., Duursma, R. A., Lopez, R., and
Medlyn, B. E.: Triggers of tree mortality under drought, Nature, 558,
531–539, 2018.
Christiansen, J. R., Elberling, B., and Jansson, P. E.: Modelling water
balance and nitrate leaching in temperate Norway spruce and beech forests
located on the same soil type with the CoupModel, Forest Ecol.
Manag., 237, 545-556, 2006.
Chuine, I.: A unified model for budburst of trees, J. Theor. Biol., 207,
337–347, 2000.
Chuine, I., Garcia de Cortazar Atauri, I., Kramer, K., and Hänninen, H.:
Plant Development Models, in: Phenology: An Integrative Environmental
Science, Task Veg. Sc., 275–293, 2013.
Chuine, I., Bonhomme, M., Legave, J. M., García de Cortázar-Atauri,
I., Charrier, G., Lacointe, A., and Améglio, T.: Can phenological models
predict tree phenology accurately in the future? The unrevealed hurdle of
endodormancy break, Glob. Change Biol., 22, 3444–3460, 2016.
Clark, J. S., Salk, C., Melillo, J., and Mohan, J.: Tree phenology responses
to winter chilling, spring warming, at north and south range limits, Funct.
Ecol., 28, 1344–1355, 2014.
Cole, E. F. and Sheldon, B. C.: The shifting phenological landscape:
Within-and between-species variation in leaf emergence in a mixed-deciduous
woodland, Ecol. Evol., 7, 1135–1147, 2017.
Collalti, A., Perugini, L., Santini, M., Chiti, T., Nolè, A., Matteucci,
G., and Valentini, R.: A process-based model to simulate growth in forests with
complex structure: Evaluation and use of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model in a
deciduous forest in Central Italy, Ecol. Model., 272, 362–378, 2014.
Collalti, A., Marconi, S., Ibrom, A., Trotta, C., Anav, A., D'Andrea, E., Matteucci, G., Montagnani, L., Gielen, B., Mammarella, I., Grünwald, T., Knohl, A., Berninger, F., Zhao, Y., Valentini, R., and Santini, M.: Validation of 3D-CMCC Forest Ecosystem Model (v.5.1) against eddy covariance data for 10 European forest sites, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 479–504, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-479-2016, 2016.
Courbaud, B., De Coligny, F., and Cordonnier, T.: Simulating radiation
distribution in a heterogeneous Norway spruce forest on a slope, Agr. Forest
Meteorol., 116, 1–18, 2003.
Couvreur, V., Vanderborght, J., and Javaux, M.: A simple three-dimensional macroscopic root water uptake model based on the hydraulic architecture approach, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2957–2971, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2957-2012, 2012.
Cristiano, E., Bogaard, T., and Barontini, S.: Effects of Anisotropy of
Preferential flow on the Hydrology and Stability of Landslides, Procedia
Earth Planet. Sci., 16, 204–214, 2016.
Dai, A.: Increasing drought under global warming in observations and
models, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 52–58, 2013.
Deckmyn, G., Verbeeck, H., De Beeck, M. O., Vansteenkiste, D., Steppe, K.,
and Ceulemans, R.: ANAFORE: a stand-scale process-based forest model that
includes wood tissue development and labile carbon storage in trees, Ecol.
Model., 215, 345–368, 2008.
DeRose R. J. and Long J. N.: Resistance and resilience: A conceptual framework
for silviculture, Forest Sci. 60, 1205–1212, 2014.
Dettmann, U., Bechtold, M., Frahm, E., and Tiemeyer, B.: On the
applicability of unimodal and bimodal van Genuchten–Mualem based models to
peat and other organic soils under evaporation conditions, J. Hydrol., 515,
103–115, 2014.
Didon-Lescot, J. F.: The Importance Of Throughfall in Evaluating
Hydrological and Biogeochemical Fluxes: Example of a Catchment (Mont-Lozere,
France), in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Catchment
Hydrological and Biochemical Processes in Changing Environment, UNESCO, 20–23,
1998.
Dripps, W. R.: The spatial and temporal variability of groundwater recharge
within the Trout Lake basin of northern Wisconsin, PhD Thesis, University of
Wisconsin, 2003.
Dufour-Kowalski, S., Courbaud, B., Dreyfus, P., Meredieu, C., and De
Coligny, F.: Capsis: an open software framework and community for forest
growth modelling, Ann. For. Sci., 69, 221–233, 2012.
Dufrêne, E., Davi, H., François, C., Le Maire, G., Le Dantec, V.,
and Granier, A.: Modelling carbon and water cycles in a beech forest: Part
I: Model description and uncertainty analysis on modelled NEE, Ecol.
Model., 185, 407–436, 2005.
Duursma, R. A. and Medlyn, B. E.: MAESPA: a model to study interactions between water limitation, environmental drivers and vegetation function at tree and stand levels, with an example application to [CO2] × drought interactions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 919–940, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-919-2012, 2012.
Duursma, R. A.: MAESPA: Development of a soil-plant-atmosphere model,
Seminar at the UWS, available at: https://github.com/Maespa/maespa.github.io/blob/master/docs/MAESPAseminar.pdf
(last access: 13 September 2018), 2008.
Etzold, S., Ziemińska, K., Rohner, B., Bottero, A., Bose, A. K., Ruehr,
N. K., Zingg, A., Rigling, A.: One century of forest monitoring data in
Switzerland reveals species-and site-specific trends of climate-induced tree
mortality, Front. Plant Sci., 10, 307, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00307, 2019.
Fatichi, S., Pappas, C., and Ivanov, V. Y.: Modeling plant–water
interactions: an ecohydrological overview from the cell to the global
scale, WIREs Water, 3, 327–368, 2016.
Flynn, D. F. B. and Wolkovich, E. M.: Temperature and photoperiod drive
spring phenology across all species in a temperate forest community, New
Phytol., 219, 1353–1362, https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15232, 2018.
Forgeard, F., Gloaguen, J. C., and Touffet, J.: Interception des
précipitations et apport au sol d'éléments minéraux par les
eaux de pluie et les pluviolessivats dans une hêtraie atlantique et dans
quelques peuplements résineux en Bretagne, Ann. Sci. Forest., 37,
53–71, 1980.
Friedman, S. P. and Jones, S. B.: Measurement and approximate critical path
analysis of the pore-scale-induced anisotropy factor of an unsaturated
porous medium, Water Resour. Res., 37, 2929–2942, 2001.
Friend, A. D., Stevens, A. K., Knox, R. G., and Cannell, M. G. R.: A
process-based, terrestrial biosphere model of ecosystem dynamics (Hybrid v3.
0), Ecol. Model., 95, 249–287, 1997.
Fu, Y., Zhang, H., Dong, W., and Yuan, W.: Comparison of phenology models
for predicting the onset of growing season over the Northern
Hemisphere, Plos One, 9, e109544, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109544, 2014.
Gauzere, J., Delzon, S., Davi, H., Bonhomme, M., de Cortazar-Atauri, I. G.,
and Chuine, I.: Integrating interactive effects of chilling and photoperiod
in phenological process-based models. A case study with two European tree
species: Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 244,
9–20, 2017.
Gebauer, T., Horna, V., and Leuschner, C.: Canopy transpiration of pure and
mixed forest stands with variable abundance of European beech, J.
Hydrol., 442, 2–14, 2012.
Gerke, H.: Untersuchungen zum Wasserhaushalt eines
Kalkbuchenwald-Ökosystems und zur Wasserbewegung in flachgründigen
Böden und im durchwurzelten Kalkgestein als Grundlage zur
Modellentwicklung, Forschungszentrum Waldökosysteme, Waldsterben, 1987.
Giacomin, A. and Trucchi, P.: Rainfall interception in a beech coppice
(Acquerino, Italy), J. Hydrol., 137, 141–147, 1992.
Gill, D. S., Amthor, J. S., and Bormann, F. H.: Leaf phenology, photosynthesis,
and the persistence of saplings and shrubs in a mature northern hardwood
forest, Tree Physiol., 18, 281–289, 1998.
Granier, A. and Bréda, N.: Modelling canopy conductance and stand
transpiration of an oak forest from sap flow measurements, Ann. Sci.
Forest., 53, 537–546, 1996.
Granier, A., Biron, P., and Lemoine, D.: Water balance, transpiration and
canopy conductance in two beech stands, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 100,
291–308, 2000.
Gressler, E., Jochner, S., Capdevielle-Vargas, R. M., Morellato, L. P. C., and Menzel, A.: Vertical variation in autumn leaf phenology of Fagus sylvatica
L. in southern Germany, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 201, 176–186, 2015.
Greenwood, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., Martínez-Vilalta, J., Lloret, F.,
Kitzberger, T., Allen, C. D., Fensham, R., Laughlin, D. C., Kattge, J.,
Bönisch, G., Kraft, N. J., and Jump, A. S.: Tree mortality across biomes is
promoted by drought intensity, lower wood density and higher specific leaf
area, Ecol. Lett., 20, 539–553, 2017.
Grismer, M. E., Bachman, S., and Powers, T.: A comparison of groundwater
recharge estimation methods in a semi-arid, coastal avocado and citrus
orchard (Ventura County, California), Hydrol. Process., 14, 2527–2543,
2000.
Grote, R. and Pretzsch, H.: A model for individual tree development based
on physiological processes, Plant Biol., 4, 167–180, 2002.
Grote, R., Korhonen, J., and Mammarella, I.: Challenges for evaluating
process-based models of gas exchange at forest sites with fetches of various
species, Forest Syst., 20, 389–406, 2011.
Grote, R., Gessler, A., Hommel, R., Poschenrieder, W., and Priesack, E.:
Importance of tree height and social position for drought-related stress on
tree growth and mortality, Trees, 30, 1467–1482, 2016.
Grossiord, C., Granier, A., Ratcliffe, S., Bouriaud, O., Bruelheide, H.,
Chećko, E., Forrester, D. I., Muhie Dawud S., Finer, L., Pollastrini,
M., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Valladares, F., Bonal, D., and Gessler, A.: Tree
diversity does not always improve resistance of forest ecosystems to
drought, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 14812–14815, 2014.
Grossiord, C.: Having the right neighbors: how tree species diversity
modulates drought impacts on forests, New Phytol., https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15667, online first, 2018.
Gutsch, M., Lasch-Born, P., Suckow, F., and Reyer, C.: Modeling of two
different water uptake approaches for mono-and mixed-species forest
stands, Forests, 6, 2125–2147, 2015.
Hänninen, H.: Modelling bud dormancy release in trees from cool and
temperate regions, Acta For. Fenn., 213, 1–47, 1990.
Hanson, P. J., Amthor, J. S., Wullschleger, S. D., Wilson, K. B., Grant, R.
F., Hartley, A., Hui, D., Hunt, R., Johnson, D., and Kimball, J.: Oak forest
carbon and water simulations: model intercomparisons and evaluations against
independent data, Ecol. Monogr., 74, 443–489, 2004.
Hardie, M. A., Cotching, W. E., Doyle, R. B., Holz, G., Lisson, S., and
Mattern, K.: Effect of antecedent soil moisture on preferential flow in a
texture-contrast soil, J. Hydrol., 398, 191–201, 2011.
Hassan, R., Scholes, R., and Ash, N.: Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment – Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends,
Island Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
Heil, K.: Wasserhaushalt und Stoffumsatz in Fichten-(Picea abies (L.)
Karst.) und Buchenökosystemen (Fagus sylvatica L.) der höheren Lagen
des Bayer, Waldes, Doctoral dissertation, Univ. München, 1996.
Herbst, M., Eschenbach, C., and Kappen, L.: Water use in neighbouring stands
of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.)
Gaertn.), Ann. For. Sci., 56, 107–120, 1999.
Herbst, M., Rosier, P. T., Morecroft, M. D., and Gowing, D. J.: Comparative
measurements of transpiration and canopy conductance in two mixed deciduous
woodlands differing in structure and species composition, Tree
Physiol., 28, 959–970, 2008.
Herr, A., Dambacher, J. M., Pinkard, E., Glen, M., Mohammed, C., and
Wardlaw, T.: The uncertain impact of climate change on forest
ecosystems–How qualitative modelling can guide future research for
quantitative model development, Environ. Model. Softw., 76, 95–107, 2016.
Hörmann, G., Branding, A., Clemen, T., Herbst, M., Hinrichs, A., and
Thamm, F.: Calculation and simulation of wind controlled canopy interception
of a beech forest in Northern Germany, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 79,
131–148, 1996.
Jacob, D., Petersen, J., Eggert, B., Alias, A., Christensen, O. B.,
Bouwer, L., Braun, A., Colette, A., Déqué, M., Georgievski, G., Georgopoulou, E., Gobiet, A., Menut, L., Nikulin, G., Haensler, A., Hempelmann, N., Jones, C., Keuler, K., Kovats, S., Kröner, N., Kotlarski, S., Kriegsmann, A., Martin, E., van Meijgaard, E., Moseley, C., Pfeifer, S., Preuschmann, S., Radermacher, C., Radtke, K., Rechid, D., Rounsevell, M., Samuelsson, P., Somot, S., Soussana, J.-F., Teichmann, C., Valentini, R., Vautard, R., Weber, B., and Yiou, P.: EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change
projections for European impact research, Reg. Environ. Change 14,
563–578, 2014.
Jacob, D., Kotova, L., Teichmann, C., Sobolowski, S. P., Vautard, R.,
Donnelly, C., Koutroulis, A. G., Grillakis, M. G., Tsanis, I. K., Damm, A.,
Sakalli, A., and van Vliet, M.: Climate impacts in Europe under
+1.5 ∘C global warming, Earths Future, 6, 264–285, 2018.
Jactel, H., Bauhus, J., Boberg, J., Bonal, D., Castagneyrol, B., Gardiner,
B., Gonzalez-Olabarria, J. R., Koricheva, J., Meurisse, N., and Brockerhoff, E.
G.: Tree diversity drives forest stand resistance to natural
disturbances, Curr. For. Rep., 3, 223–243, 2017.
Jetten, V. G.: Interception of tropical rain forest: performance of a canopy
water balance model, Hydrol. Process., 10, 671–685, 1996.
Jolly, W. M., Nemani, R., and Running, S. W.: Enhancement of understory
productivity by asynchronous phenology with overstory competitors in a
temperate deciduous forest, Tree Physiol., 24, 1069–1071, 2004.
Jonard, F., André, F., Ponette, Q., Vincke, C., and Jonard, M.: Sap flux
density and stomatal conductance of European beech and common oak trees in
pure and mixed stands during the summer drought of 2003, J.
Hydrol., 409, 371–381, 2011.
Jonard, M.: HETEROFOR-1.0_LGPL_FINAL: Sixth release of HETEROFOR (Version HETEROFOR-1.0_FinalVersion), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3647920, 2020.
Jonard, M., André, F., and Ponette, Q.: Modeling leaf dispersal in mixed
hardwood forests using a ballistic approach, Ecology, 87, 2306–2318,
2006.
Jonard, M., André, F., Jonard, F., Mouton, N., Procès, P., and
Ponette, Q.: Soil carbon dioxide efflux in pure and mixed stands of oak and
beech, Ann. For. Sci., 64, 141–150, 2007.
Jonard, M., André, F., and Ponette, Q.: Tree species mediated effects on
leaf litter dynamics in pure and mixed stands of oak and beech, Can. J.
Forest Res., 38, 528–538, 2008.
Jonard, M., André, F., and de Wergifosse, L.: Code of HETEROFOR 1.0, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591348, 2019.
Jonard, M., André, F., de Coligny, F., de Wergifosse, L., Beudez, N., Davi, H., Ligot, G., Ponette, Q., and Vincke, C.: HETEROFOR 1.0: a spatially explicit model for exploring the response of structurally complex forests to uncertain future conditions – Part 1: Carbon fluxes and tree dimensional growth, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 905–935, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-905-2020, 2020a.
Jonard, M., André, F., and de Wergifosse, L.: Installer of HETEROFOR 1.0, http://amap-dev.cirad.fr/projects/capsis/files, last access: 29 February 2020b.
Jones, H. G., Hillis, R. M., Gordon, S. L., and Brennan, R. M.: An approach to the determination of winter chill requirements for different Ribes cultivars, Plant Biol., 15, 18–27, 2013.
Knoche, D., Embacher, A., and Katzur, J.: Water and element fluxes of red
oak ecosystems during stand development on post-mining sites (Lusatian
Lignite District), Water Air Soil Poll., 141, 219–231, 2002.
Kornhuber, K., Osprey, S., Coumou, D., Petri, S., Petoukhov, V., Rahmstorf,
S., and Gray, L.: Extreme weather events in early summer 2018 connected by a
recurrent hemispheric wave-7 pattern, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 054002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab13bf, 2019.
Kovats, R. S., Valentini, R., Bouwer, L. M., Georgopoulou, E., Jacob, D.,
Martin, E., Rounsevell, M., and Soussana, J.-F.: Europe, in: Climate Change
2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects.
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press,
1267–1326, 2014.
Kramer, K.: Selecting a model to predict the onset of growth of Fagus
sylvatica, J. Appl. Ecol., 172–181, 1994.
Ladekarl, U. L., Rasmussen, K. R., Christensen, S., Jensen, K. H., and
Hansen, B.: Groundwater recharge and evapotranspiration for two natural
ecosystems covered with oak and heather, J. Hydrol., 300, 76–99, 2005.
Leinonen, I. and Kramer, K.: Applications of phenological models to predict
the future carbon sequestration potential of boreal forests, Clim.
Change, 55, 99–113, 2002.
Lemée, G.: Recherches sur les ecosystemes des reserves biologiques de la
foret de Fontainebleau, IV. Entrees d'elements mineraux par les
precipitations et transfert au sol par le pluviolessivage, Oecolog.
Plantar., 1974.
Leuschner, C.: Walddynamik in der Lüneburger Heide: Ursachen,
Mechanismen und die Rolle der Ressourcen, Habilitation thesis, Univ. Götingen, 1994.
Levia Jr., D. F. and Herwitz, S. R.: Physical properties of water in
relation to stemflow leachate dynamics: implications for nutrient
cycling, Can. J. Forest Res., 30, 662–666, 2000.
Lindner, M., Fitzgerald, J. B., Zimmermann, N. E., Reyer, C., Delzon, S.,
van der Maaten, E., Schelhaas, M. J., Lasch, P., Eggers, J., van der
Maaten-Theunissen, M., Suckow, F., Psomas, A., Poulter, B., and Hanewinkel,
M.: Climate change and European forests: what do we know, what are the
uncertainties, and what are the implications for forest management?, J.
Environ. Manage., 146, 69–83, 2014.
Liu, Q., Piao, S., Janssens, I. A., Fu, Y., Peng, S., Lian, X., Ciais, P.,
Myneni, R. B., Pe nuelas, J., and Wang, T.: Extension of the growing season increases vegetation exposure to frost, Nat. Commun., 9, 426, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02690-y, 2018.
Lopez, O. R., Farris-Lopez, K., Montgomery, R. A., and Givnish, T. J.: Leaf
phenology in relation to canopy closure in southern Appalachian trees, Am.
J. Bot., 95, 1395–1407, 2008.
Martin-StPaul, N., Delzon, S., and Cochard, H.: Plant resistance to drought
depends on timely stomatal closure, Ecol. Lett., 20, 1437–1447, 2017.
Martínez-Vilalta, J. and Lloret, F.: Drought-induced vegetation shifts in terrestrial ecosystems: the key role of regeneration dynamics, Glob. Planet. Change, 144, 94–108, 2016.
Matzner, E. and Ulrich, B.: Bilanzierung jährlicher Elementflüsse
in Waldökosystemen im Solling, Z. Pflanz. Bodenkunde, 144, 660–681, 1981.
McDowell, N. G. and Allen, C. D.: Darcy's law predicts widespread forest
mortality under climate warming, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 669–672, 2015.
Meir, P., Wood, T. E., Galbraith, D. R., Brando, P. M., Da Costa, A. C.,
Rowland, L., and Ferreira, L. V.: Threshold responses to soil moisture deficit
by trees and soil in tropical rain forests: insights from field
experiments, BioScience, 65, 882–892, 2015.
Messier, C., Puettmann, K., Chazdon, R., Andersson, K. P., Angers, V. A.,
Brotons, L., Filotas, E., Tittler, R., Parrot, L., and Levin, S. A.: From
management to stewardship: viewing forests as complex adaptive systems in an
uncertain world, Conserv. Lett., 8, 368–377, 2015.
Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., Rosenbluth, M. N., Teller, A. H., and
Teller, E.: Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines, J.
Chem. Phys., 21, 1087–1092, 1953.
Michopoulos, P., Baloutsos, G., Nakos, G., and Economou, A.: Effects of bulk
precipitation pH and growth period on cation enrichment in precipitation
beneath the canopy of a beech (Fagus moesiaca) forest stand, Sci. Total
Environ., 281, 79–85, 2001.
Monteith, J. L.: Evaporation and environment, Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology, 19, 205–234, 1965.
Mosello, R., Brizzio, M. C., Kotzias, D., Marchetto, A., Rembges, D., and
Tartari, G.: The chemistry of atmospheric deposition in Italy in the
framework of the National Programme for Forest Ecosystems Control
(CONECOFOR), J. Limnol., 61, 77–92, 2002.
Müller, J. and Bolte, A.: The use of lysimeters in forest hydrology
research in north-east Germany, Agr. Forest Res., 59, 1–10, 2009.
Murphy, E. M., Ginn, T. R., and Phillips, J. L.: Geochemical estimates of
paleorecharge in the Pasco Basin: Evaluation of the chloride mass balance
technique, Water Resour. Res., 32, 2853–2868, 1996.
Muzylo, A., Llorens, P., Valente, F., Keizer, J. J., Domingo, F., and Gash,
J. H. C.: A review of rainfall interception modelling, J. Hydrol., 370,
191–206, 2009.
Myhre, G., Shindell, D., Breon, F. M., Collins, W., Fuglestvedt, J., Huang,
J., Koch, D., Lamarque, J. F., Lee, D., Mendoza, B., Nakajima, T., Robock,
A., Stephens, G., Takemura, T., and Zhang, H.: Anthropogenic and Natural
Radiative Forcing, in: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 659–740, 2013.
Nagy, L.: Data to the precipitation interception of a Galatello-Quercetum
roboris (forest steppe-forest) at Ujszentmargita, Acta Bot., 20, 327–332, 1974.
Neal, C., Robson, A. J., Bhardwaj, C. L., Conway, T., Jeffery, H. A., Neal,
M., Ryland, G. P., Smith, C. J., and Walls, J.: Relationships between
precipitation, stemflow and throughfall for a lowland beech plantation,
Black Wood, Hampshire, southern England: findings on interception at a
forest edge and the effects of storm damage, J. Hydrol., 146, 221–233, 1993.
Nizinski, G. and Saugier, B.: Mesures et modélisation de l'interception
nette dans une futaie de chênes, Oecolog. Plantar., 9, 311–329, 1988.
Nkotagu, H.: Application of environmental isotopes to groundwater recharge
studies in a semi-arid fractured crystalline basement area of Dodoma,
Tanzania, J. Afr. Earth Sci., 22, 443–457, 1996.
Norby, R. J., Warren, J. M., Iversen, C. M., Medlyn, B. E., and McMurtrie,
R. E.: CO2 enhancement of forest productivity constrained by limited
nitrogen availability, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 19368–19373, 2010.
Öberg, G. M.: The biogeochemistry of chlorine in soil, in: Natural
production of organohalogen compounds, 43–62, 2003.
Obiefuna, G. I. and Orazulike, D. M.: Application and comparison of
groundwater recharge estimation methods for the semiarid Yola area,
northeast, Nigeria, Global Journal of Geological Sciences, 9, 177–204, 2011.
Pacala, S. W. and Deutschman, D. H.: Details that matter: the spatial
distribution of individual trees maintains forest ecosystem function, Oikos,
357–365, 1995.
Päivänen, J.: Hydraulic conductivity and water retention in peat
soils, Suomen metsätieteellinen seura, 129, 7563, https://doi.org/10.14214/aff.7563, 1973.
Park, T., Ganguly, S., Tømmervik, H., Euskirchen, E. S., Høgda, K. A.,
Karlsen, S. R., Brovkin, V., Nemani, R., and Myneni, R. B.: Changes in
growing season duration and productivity of northern vegetation inferred
from long-term remote sensing data, Environ. Res. Lett., 11, 084001, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/084001, 2016.
Pedro, M. S., Rammer, W., and Seidl, R.: Tree species diversity mitigates
disturbance impacts on the forest carbon cycle, Oecologia, 177, 619–630,
2015.
Petriţan, A. M., von Lüpke, B., and Petriţan, I. C.: Influence of
light availability on growth, leaf morphology and plant architecture of
beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) and ash (Fraxinus
excelsior L.) saplings, Eur. J. For. Res., 128, 61–74, 2009.
Ping, J., Nichol, C., and Wei, X.: Quantification of groundwater recharge
using the chloride mass balance method in a semi-arid mountain terrain,
South Interior British Columbia, Canada, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 6,
383–388, 2014.
Pletsers, A., Caffarra, A., Kelleher, C. T., and Donnelly, A.: Chilling
temperature and photoperiod influence the timing of bud burst in juvenile
Betula pubescens Ehrh. and Populus tremulaL.trees, Ann. For. Sci., 72,
941–953, 2015.
Poncelet, L.: Climat de la Belgique, Planches 12, 13, 14 et commentaires,
Atlas de Belgique, Comité national de Géographie, 1956.
Pretzsch, H., Grote, R., Reineking, B., Rötzer, T. H., and Seifert, S.
T.: Models for forest ecosystem management: a European perspective, Ann.
Bot.-London, 101, 1065–1087, 2007.
Pretzsch, H., Schütze, G., and Uhl, E.: Resistance of European tree species
to drought stress in mixed versus pure forests: evidence of stress release
by inter-specific facilitation, Plant Biol., 15, 483–495, 2013.
Primack, R. B., Ibá nez, I., Higuchi, H., Lee, S. D., Miller-Rushing,
A. J., Wilson, A. M., and Silander Jr, J. A.: Spatial and interspecific
variability in phenological responses to warming temperatures, Biol.
Conserv., 142, 2569–2577, 2009.
Rasche, L., Fahse, L., and Bugmann, H.: Key factors affecting the future
provision of tree-based forest ecosystem goods and services, Clim.
Change, 118, 579–593, 2013.
Risser, D. W., Gburek, W. J., and Folmar, G. J.: Comparison of recharge
estimates at a small watershed in east-central Pennsylvania, USA, Hydrogeol.
J., 17, 287–298, 2009.
Roberts, J. and Rosier, P.: The effect of broadleaved woodland on Chalk
groundwater resources, Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeo., 39, 197–207, 2006.
Roberts, A. M., Tansey, C., Smithers, R. J., and Phillimore, A. B.:
Predicting a change in the order of spring phenology in temperate
forests, Glob. Change Biol., 21, 2603–2611, 2015.
Rötzer, T., Grote, R., and Pretzsch, H.: Effects of environmental
changes on the vitality of forest stands, Eur. J. For. Res., 124,
349–362, 2005.
Rötzer, T., Leuchner, M., and Nunn, A. J.: Simulating stand climate,
phenology, and photosynthesis of a forest stand with a process-based growth
model, Int. J. Biometeorol., 54, 449–464, 2010.
Rötzer, T., Biber, P., Moser, A., Schäfer, C., and Pretzsch, H.: Stem
and root diameter growth of European beech and Norway spruce under extreme
drought, Forest Ecol. Manag., 406, 184–195, 2017.
Rowe, L. K.: Rainfall interception by an evergreen beech forest, Nelson, New
Zealand, J. Hydrol., 66, 143–158, 1983.
Ryan, M. G. and Yoder, B. J.: Hydraulic limits to tree height and tree
growth, Bioscience, 47, 235–242, 1997.
Sammis, T. W., Evans, D. D., and Warrick, A. W.: Comparison of methods to
estimate deep percolation rates 1, JAWRA J. Am. Water Resour. As., 18,
465–470, 1982.
Sanz-Pérez, V. and Castro-Díez, P: Summer water stress and shade alter
bud size and budburst date in three Mediterranean Quercus
species, Trees, 24, 89–97, 2010.
Scanlon, B. R., Healy, R. W., and Cook, P. G.: Choosing appropriate
techniques for quantifying groundwater recharge, Hydrogeol. J., 10,
18–39, 2002.
Schaber, J. and Badeck, F. W.: Physiology-based phenology models for forest
tree species in Germany, Int. J. Biometeorol., 47, 193–201, 2003.
Schäfer, K. V. R., Oren, R., and Tenhunen, J. D.: The effect of tree
height on crown level stomatal conductance, Plant, Cell Environ., 23,
365–375, 2000.
Schäfer, C., Thurm, E. A., Rötzer, T., Kallenbach, C., and Pretzsch, H.:
Daily stem water deficit of Norway spruce and European beech in intra-and
interspecific neighborhood under heavy drought, Scand. J. For. Res., 33,
568–582, 2018.
Schieber, B.: Spring phenology of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in a
submountain beech stand with different stocking in 1995–2004, J. For. Sci.,
52, 208–216, 2006.
Schipka, F., Heimann, J., and Leuschner, C.: Regional variation in canopy
transpiration of Central European beech forests, Oecolog., 143, 260–270,
2005.
Schmidt, M., Nagel, J., and Skovsgaard, J. P.: Evaluating individual tree
growth models, in: Sustainable Forest Management, Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, 151–163, 2006.
Schmidt, M.: Canopy transpiration of beech forests in Northern
Bavaria–Structure and function in pure and mixed stands with oak at colline
and montane sites, Doctoral dissertation, Univ. of Bayreuth, 2007.
Shvidenko, A., Barber, C., and Persson, R.: Forest and woodland systems, in:
Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends, Island Press,
Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
Schwendenmann, L., Pendall, E., Sanchez-Bragado, R., Kunert, N., and
Hölscher, D.: Tree water uptake in a tropical plantation varying in tree
diversity: interspecific differences, seasonal shifts and
complementarity, Ecohydrology, 8, 1–12, 2015.
Seidl, R., Rammer, W., Scheller, R. M., and Spies, T. A.: An individual-based
process model to simulate landscape-scale forest ecosystem dynamics, Ecol.
Model., 231, 87–100, 2012.
Seiwa, K.: Changes in leaf phenology are dependent on tree height in Acer
mono, a deciduous broad-leaved tree, Ann. Bot., 83, 355-361, 1999a.
Seiwa, K.: Ontogenetic changes in leaf phenology of Ulmus davidiana var.
japonica, a deciduous broad-leaved tree, Tree Physiol., 19, 793–797,
1999b.
Simioni, G., Marie, G., and Huc, R.: Influence of vegetation spatial
structure on growth and water fluxes of a mixed forest: Results from the
NOTG 3D model, Ecol. Model., 328, 119–135, 2016.
Soares, P., Tomé, M., Skovsgaard, J. P., and Vanclay, J. K.: Evaluating
a growth model for forest management using continuous forest inventory
data, Forest Ecol. Manag., 71, 251–265, 1995.
Staelens, J., De Schrijver, A., Verheyen, K., and Verhoest, N. E.: Rainfall
partitioning into throughfall, stemflow, and interception within a single
beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) canopy: influence of foliation, rain event
characteristics, and meteorology, Hydrol. Process., 22, 33–45, 2008.
Stocker, T. F., Qin,
D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia,
Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M.: Climate change 2013: The physical
science basis, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Working Group I
Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), Cambridge Univ.
Press, New York, 25 pp., 2013.
Szabo, M.: Net precipitation in a Hungarian oak forest ecosystem, Acta Bot., 21, 151–165, 1975.
Tarazona, T., Santa Regina, I., and Calvo, R.: Interception, throughfall and
stemflow in two forests of the “Sierra de la Demanda” in the Province of
Burgos, Pirineos, 147, 27–40, 1996.
Teh, C.: Introduction to mathematical modeling of crop growth. How the
equations are derived and assembled into a computer program, Brown Walker
Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 2006.
Teskey, R., Wertin, T., Bauweraerts, I., Ameye, M., McGuire, M. A., and Steppe,
K.: Responses of tree species to heat 786 waves and extreme heat events,
Plant Cell Environ., 38, 1699–1712, 2015.
Ting, C. S., Kerh, T., and Liao, C. J.: Estimation of groundwater recharge
using the chloride mass-balance method, Pingtung Plain, Taiwan, Hydrogeol.
J., 6, 282–292, 1998.
Todd, D. K. and Mays, L. W.: Groundwater hydrology edition, John Willey Sons,
New York, USA, 2005
Topp, G. C., Davis, J. L., and Annan, A. P.: Electromagnetic determination
of soil water content: Measurements in coaxial transmission lines, Water
Resour. Res., 16, 574–582, 1980.
Tuzet, A., Perrier, A., and Leuning, R.: A coupled model of stomatal
conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration, Plant Cell Envir., 26,
1097–1116, 2003.
Tyler, S. W. and Walker, G. R.: Root zone effects on tracer migration in
arid zones, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 25–31, 1994.
Ulrich, E., Lelong, N., Lanier, M., and Schneider, A.: Interception des
pluies en forêt: facteurs déterminants, Bulletin technique,
33–45, 1995.
Vanclay, J. K. and Skovsgaard, J. P.: Evaluating forest growth
models, Ecol. Model., 98, 1–12, 1997.
Van der Perre, R., Bythell, S., Bogaert, P., Claessens, H., Ridremont, F.,
Tricot, C., Vincke, C., and Ponette, Q.: La carte bioclimatique de Wallonie:
un nouveau découpage écologique du territoire pour le choix des
essences forestières, Forêt-Nature, 135, 47–58, 2015.
Van Der Salm, C., Reinds, G. J., and De Vries, W.: Assessment of the water
balance of European forests: a model study, In Biogeochemical Investigations
of Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Wetland Ecosystems across the Globe, Springer, Dordrecht, 175–190, 2004.
Van Stan, J. T. and Gordon, D. A.: Mini-Review: Stemflow as a Resource
Limitation to Near-Stem Soils, Front Plant Sci., 9, 248, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00248, 2018.
Vincke, C., Granier, A., Breda, N., and Devillez, F.: Evapotranspiration of
a declining Quercus robur (L.) stand from 1999 to 2001. II. Daily actual
evapotranspiration and soil water reserve, Ann. For. Sci., 62, 615–623,
2005.
Vitasse, Y.: Ontogenic changes rather than difference in temperature cause
understory trees to leaf out earlier, New Phytol., 198, 149-155, 2013.
Vitasse, Y. and Basler, D.: What role for photoperiod in the bud burst
phenology of European beech, Eur. J. Forest Res., 132, 1–8, 2013.
Walker, J. P., Willgoose, G. R., and Kalma, J. D.: In situ measurement of
soil moisture: a comparison of techniques, J. Hydrol., 293, 85–99,
2004.
Weynants, M., Vereecken, H., and Javaux, M.: Revisiting Vereecken
pedotransfer functions: Introducing a closed-form hydraulic model, Vadose
Zone J., 8, 86–95, 2009.
Willis, T. M., Black, A. S., and Meyer, W. S.: Estimates of deep percolation
beneath cotton in the Macquarie Valley, Irrig. Sci., 17, 141–150, 1997.
Wolkovich, E. M., Cook, B. I., Allen, J. M., Crimmins, T. M., Betancourt, J.
L., Travers, S. E., Pau, S., Regetz, J., Davies T. J., Kraft N. J., Ault, T.
R., Bolmgren, K., Mazer, S. J., McCabe, G. J., McGill, B. J., Parmesan, C.,
Salamin, N., Schwartz, M. D., and Cleland, E. E.: Warming experiments
underpredict plant phenological responses to climate
change, Nature, 485, 494–497, 2012.
Xie, Y., Wang, X., Wilson, A. M., and Silander Jr., J. A.: Predicting autumn
phenology: how deciduous tree species respond to weather stressors, Agr.
Forest Meteorol., 250, 127–137, 2018.
Yuang, Z., Tao, Y., Wenbao, M., Cheng, T., Zhipeng, S., and Junqing, L.:
Morphological and physiological response of Acer catalpifolium Rehd.
Seedlings to water and light stresses, Glob. Ecol. Conserv., e00660, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00660, 2019.
Zapater, M., Hossann, C., Bréda, N., Bréchet, C., Bonal, D., and
Granier, A.: Evidence of hydraulic lift in a young beech and oak mixed
forest using 18 O soil water labelling, Trees, 25, 885, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-011-0563-9, 2011.
Short summary
Given their key role in the simulation of climate impacts on tree growth, phenological and water balance processes must be integrated in models simulating forest dynamics under a changing environment. Here, we describe these processes integrated in HETEROFOR, a model accounting simultaneously for the functional, structural and spatial complexity to explore the forest response to forestry practices. The model evaluation using phenological and soil water content observations is quite promising.
Given their key role in the simulation of climate impacts on tree growth, phenological and water...
