Articles | Volume 19, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7069-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7069-2026
Model evaluation paper
 | 
03 Aug 2026
Model evaluation paper |  | 03 Aug 2026

Sensitivity of Arctic mixed-phase cloud simulations to ice microphysical modifications in the WDM6 scheme of WRF (v4.3.1)

Hyun-Joon Sung, Kyo-Sun Lim, Song-You Hong, JiHoon Shin, Baek-Min Kim, and Ji-Hun Choi

Data sets

ERA5 hourly data on pressure levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6

ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47

ARM Best Estimate Data Products (ARMBEATM), 2001-01-01 to 2023-12-31 X. Chen and S. Xie https://doi.org/10.5439/1333748

ARM Cloud Retrieval Ensemble Data (ACRED), 1999-01-01 to 2008-12-31 S. Xie https://doi.org/10.5439/1995948

MWR Retrievals (MWRRET1LILJCLOU), 2001-04-01 to 2025-12-31 D. Zhang https://doi.org/10.5439/1027369

Data Quality Assessment for ARM Radiation Data (QCRAD1LONG), 1998-02-15 to 2026-07-16 D. Zhang https://doi.org/10.5439/1027372

Balloon-Borne Sounding System (SONDEWNPN), 2002-04-28 to 2026-07-17 E. Keeler et al. https://doi.org/10.5439/1595321

The GEBCO_2023 Grid - a continuous terrain model of the global oceans and land GEBCO Compilation Group https://doi.org/10.5285/f98b053b-0cbc-6c23-e053-6c86abc0af7b

Model code and software

Code for: Sensitivity of Arctic mixed-phase cloud simulations to ice microphysical modifications in the WDM6 scheme of WRF (v4.3.1) Hyun-Joon Sung https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19049015

Code for JAMES publication - Implementation of prognostic cloud ice number concentrations for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Double-Moment 6-class (WDM6) microphysics scheme S.-Y. Park https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7395819

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Short summary
Arctic clouds containing both liquid droplets and ice crystals are difficult to simulate. We tested how ice-related changes in a weather model, designed for temperate regions, perform in the Arctic. Ice crystal shape is the dominant factor: making crystals spherical substantially reduces cloud ice and shifts it to snow. These modifications are moderate in temperate regions but stronger in the Arctic. As this rests on a single case, they should be validated across diverse cases and climates.
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