Articles | Volume 19, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-579-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-579-2026
Development and technical paper
 | 
19 Jan 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 19 Jan 2026

Examining spin-up behaviour within WRF dynamical downscaling applications

Megan S. Mallard, Tanya L. Spero, Jared H. Bowden, Jeff Willison, Christopher G. Nolte, and Anna M. Jalowska

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Cited articles

Bowden, J. H., Otte, T. L., Nolte, C. G., and Otte, M. J.: Examining interior grid nudging techniques using two-way nesting in the WRF model for regional climate modeling, J. Climate, 25, 2805–2823, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00167.1, 2012. 
Chaney, N. W., Herman, J. D., Ek, M. B., and Wood, E. F.: Deriving global parameter estimates for the Noah land surface model using FLUXNET and machine learning, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 13218–13235, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD024821, 2016. 
Chen, F. and Dudhia, J.: Coupling an advanced land surface–hydrology model with the Penn State–NCAR MM5 modeling system. Part I: Model implementation and sensitivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 569–585, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129%3C0569:CAALSH%3E2.0.CO;2, 2001. 
CORDEX: Experiment protocol CORDEX-CMIP6 RCMs, https://cordex.org/experiment-guidelines/cordex-cmip6/experiment-protocol-cordex-cmip6-rcms/ (last access: 5 March 2025), 2021. 
Cosgrove, B. A., Lohmann, D., Mitchell, K. E., Houser, P. R., Wood, E. F., Schaake, J. C., Robock, A., Sheffield, J., Duan, Q., Luo, L., Higgins, R. W., Pinker, R. T., and Tarpley, J. D.: Land surface model spin-up behavior in the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS), J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8845, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JD003316, 2003. 
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Short summary
“Spin-up” is time needed for a model’s result to become effectively free of influence from initial conditions, and it is usually excluded from analysis. Here, spin-up is examined by comparing one decadal simulation to another initialized 20 years prior, in order to determine when their solutions converge. Differences lessen over the first fall and winter, but re-emerge over the following spring and summer, suggesting that at least 1 annual cycle is needed to spin up regional climate simulations.
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