Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-505-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-505-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
Model description paper
 | 
15 Jan 2026
Model description paper |  | 15 Jan 2026

Retrieving atmospheric thermodynamic and hydrometeor profiles using a thermodynamic-constrained Kalman filter 1D-Var framework based on ground-based microwave radiometer

Qi Zhang, Tianmeng Chen, Jianping Guo, Yu Wu, Bin Deng, and Junjie Yan

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Short summary
We propose TCKF1D-Var, a thermodynamic-constrained variational framework for ground-based microwave radiometer retrievals. Using virtual potential temperature, a ratio-based cost function, and a microphysics closure, it reduces biases relative to ERA5 and 1D-Var, improves cloud liquid water representation, and enhances heavy rainfall precursors, extending lead times. This approach strengthens continuous profiling and supports high-impact weather nowcasting.
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