Articles | Volume 19, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3285-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3285-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A fast and physically grounded ocean model for GCMs: the Dynamical Slab Ocean Model of the Generic-PCM (rev. 3423)
Siddharth Bhatnagar
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Observatoire astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Centre pour la vie dans l'Univers de l'Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
Group of Applied Physics and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Francis Codron
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat LOCEAN/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, 75005 Paris, France
Ehouarn Millour
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Ecole Polytechnique, 75005 Paris, France
Emeline Bolmont
Observatoire astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland
Centre pour la vie dans l'Univers de l'Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
Maura Brunetti
Centre pour la vie dans l'Univers de l'Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
Group of Applied Physics and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Jérôme Kasparian
Centre pour la vie dans l'Univers de l'Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
Group of Applied Physics and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Martin Turbet
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Ecole Polytechnique, 75005 Paris, France
Laboratoire d'astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France
Guillaume Chaverot
Centre pour la vie dans l'Univers de l'Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
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EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4992, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4992, 2025
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Deep-time climate simulations are challenging since sedimentary data are too sparse and uncertain to fully constrain initial and boundary conditions. By exploring a wide range of initial conditions, we find three alternative steady states with a temperature difference of around 10 °C in simulations using the Permian-Triassic paleogeography. This opens the possibility of explaining climatic variations in Early Triassic geological records through tipping mechanisms between steady states.
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Short summary
We present an efficient ocean model coupled to a 3-D climate model (the Generic-PCM) that captures key features of ocean heat transport, matching well the global heat flows of more complex models. It closely reproduces Earth’s sea surface temperatures and sea ice, while influencing atmospheric circulation consistently. Balancing speed and accuracy, the model is ideal for exoplanet and paleoclimate studies, where observations are limited and broad parameter exploration is necessary.
We present an efficient ocean model coupled to a 3-D climate model (the Generic-PCM) that...