Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 7
Articles | Volume 19, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2717-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2717-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 7
Development and technical paper
 | 
10 Apr 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 10 Apr 2026

Automated forward and adjoint modelling of viscoelastic deformation of the solid Earth

William Scott, Mark Hoggard, Thomas Duvernay, Sia Ghelichkhan, Angus Gibson, Dale Roberts, Stephan C. Kramer, and D. Rhodri Davies

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Short summary
Melting ice sheets drive solid Earth deformation and sea-level change on timescales of decades to thousands of years. Here, we present G-ADOPT (Geoscientific Adjoint Optimisation Platform), which models movement of the solid Earth in response to surface loads. It has flexibility in domain geometry, deformation mechanism parameterisation, and is scalable on high performance computers. Automatic derivation of adjoint sensitivity kernels also provides a means to assimilate historical and modern observations into future sea-level forecasts.
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