Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-115-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-115-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
Review and perspective paper
 | Highlight paper
 | 
07 Jan 2026
Review and perspective paper | Highlight paper |  | 07 Jan 2026

Review of climate simulation by Simple Climate Models

Alejandro Romero-Prieto, Camilla Mathison, and Chris Smith

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Simple climate models are the key base component of the climate modelling hierarchy. This is a comprehensive review of the models participating in the Reduced Complexity Model Intercomparison Project (RCMIP) for the AR7 cycle.
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Short summary
Simple Climate Models (SCMs) are widely used tools to explore how Earth's climate may change in the future. In recent decades, the number and types of SCMs have increased significantly, hindering efforts to understand cross-model differences. In this study, we provide an overview of the main principles guiding climate simulation by SCMs, as well as a description of most high-profile SCMs. This work offers a clear reference to support the informed use of these important tools.
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