GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Jordi Solé
Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Physical and Technological Oceanography Department, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
Càtedra d'Economia Blava Sostenible, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Miquel Canals
GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Càtedra d'Economia Blava Sostenible, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Reial Acadèmia de Ciències i Arts de Barcelona (RACAB), 08001 Barcelona, Spain
Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC), Secció de Ciències i Tecnologia, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
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Total article views: 5,074 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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4,142
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5,074
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HTML: 4,142
PDF: 769
XML: 163
Total: 5,074
Supplement: 270
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EndNote: 226
Views and downloads (calculated since 07 Mar 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 07 Mar 2025)
Total article views: 2,012 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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1,556
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2,012
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HTML: 1,556
PDF: 385
XML: 71
Total: 2,012
Supplement: 71
BibTeX: 50
EndNote: 88
Views and downloads (calculated since 11 Sep 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
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Total article views: 3,062 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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2,586
384
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3,062
199
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HTML: 2,586
PDF: 384
XML: 92
Total: 3,062
Supplement: 199
BibTeX: 120
EndNote: 138
Views and downloads (calculated since 07 Mar 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
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Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,074 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,996 with geography defined
and 78 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,012 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,934 with geography defined
and 78 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,062 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,062 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
This study presents the Offline Fennel model, a tool designed to simulate ocean biogeochemical processes efficiently. By using existing hydrodynamic data, the model significantly reduces computation time from 6 h to just 30 min. We tested its accuracy in the northern Gulf of Mexico and found it closely matches physical–biogeochemical coupled simulations. This model allows researchers to conduct more tests and simulations without the need for extensive computational resources.
This study presents the Offline Fennel model, a tool designed to simulate ocean biogeochemical...