Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5467-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5467-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 17
Development and technical paper
 | 
01 Sep 2025
Development and technical paper |  | 01 Sep 2025

A framework for three-dimensional dynamic modeling of mountain glaciers in the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM v2.2)

Samar Minallah, William H. Lipscomb, Gunter Leguy, and Harry Zekollari

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Latest update: 23 Sep 2025
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Short summary
We developed a new modeling framework within an Earth system model to study mountain glacier evolution under different climate scenarios, applied here to the European Alps. Substantial Alpine glacier mass loss is projected under current climate conditions, with near-total loss under further warming. This is the first use of a 3D, higher-order ice-flow model for regional glacier simulations, enabling assessment of coupled land ice–Earth system processes.
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