Articles | Volume 18, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4951-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4951-2025
Development and technical paper
 | 
13 Aug 2025
Development and technical paper |  | 13 Aug 2025

DNS (v1.0): an open-source ray-tracing tool for space geodetic techniques

Florian Zus, Kyriakos Balidakis, Ali Hasan Dogan, Rohith Thundathil, Galina Dick, and Jens Wickert

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Cited articles

Bilitza, D.: International Reference Ionosphere 2000, Radio Sci., 36, 261–275, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000RS002432, 2001. 
Boehm, J., Werl, B., and Schuh, H.: Troposphere mapping functions for GPS and VLBI from European centre for medium-range weather forecasts operational analysis data, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B02406, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003629, 2006. 
Boisits, J., Landskron, D., and Böhm, J.: VMF3o: the Vienna Mapping Functions for optical frequencies, J. Geodesy, 94, 57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01385-5, 2020. 
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Atmospheric signal propagation effects are one of the largest error sources in the analysis of space geodetic techniques. Inaccuracies in the modelling map into errors in positioning, navigation and timing. We describe the open-source ray-tracing tool DNS and show the two outstanding features of this tool compared to previous model developments: it can handle both the troposphere and the ionosphere, and it does so efficiently. This makes the tool perfectly suited for geoscientific applications.
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