Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 18, issue 13
Articles | Volume 18, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4231-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4231-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 13
Methods for assessment of models
 | 
15 Jul 2025
Methods for assessment of models |  | 15 Jul 2025

A new set of indicators for model evaluation complementing FAIRMODE's modelling quality objective (MQO)

Alexander de Meij, Cornelis Cuvelier, Philippe Thunis, and Enrico Pisoni

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Short summary
We assess relevance and utility indicators by evaluating nine Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service models in calculated air pollutant values. For NO2, the results highlight difficulties at traffic stations. For PM2.5 and PM10 the bias and winter–summer gradients reveal issues. O3 evaluation shows that seasonal gradients are useful. Overall, the indicators reveal model limitations, yet there is a need to reconsider the strictness of some indicators for certain pollutants.
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