Articles | Volume 18, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3819-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3819-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
30 Jun 2025
Model description paper |
| 30 Jun 2025
| 30 Jun 2025
The third Met Office Unified Model–JULES Regional Atmosphere and Land Configuration, RAL3
Mike Bush
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
David L. A. Flack
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Huw W. Lewis
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Sylvia I. Bohnenstengel
MetOffice@Reading, Brian Hoskins building, Earley Gate, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Chris J. Short
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Charmaine Franklin
Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Adrian P. Lock
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Martin Best
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Paul Field
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Anne McCabe
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Kwinten Van Weverberg
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
now at: Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
now at: Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Segolene Berthou
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Ian Boutle
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Jennifer K. Brooke
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Seb Cole
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Shaun Cooper
Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Gareth Dow
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
John Edwards
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Anke Finnenkoetter
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Kalli Furtado
Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS), P.O. Box 8, Changi Airport, 918141, Singapore
Kate Halladay
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Kirsty Hanley
MetOffice@Reading, Brian Hoskins building, Earley Gate, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Margaret A. Hendry
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Adrian Hill
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Aravindakshan Jayakumar
National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Noida, India
Richard W. Jones
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Humphrey Lean
MetOffice@Reading, Brian Hoskins building, Earley Gate, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Joshua C. K. Lee
Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS), P.O. Box 8, Changi Airport, 918141, Singapore
Andy Malcolm
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Marion Mittermaier
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Saji Mohandas
National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Noida, India
Stuart Moore
National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA), 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
Cyril Morcrette
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Rachel North
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Aurore Porson
MetOffice@Reading, Brian Hoskins building, Earley Gate, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Susan Rennie
Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Nigel Roberts
MetOffice@Reading, Brian Hoskins building, Earley Gate, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK
Belinda Roux
Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Claudio Sanchez
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Chun-Hsu Su
Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Simon Tucker
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Simon Vosper
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
David Walters
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
James Warner
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Stuart Webster
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Mark Weeks
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Jonathan Wilkinson
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Michael Whitall
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Keith D. Williams
Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, EX1 3PB, UK
Hugh Zhang
Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS), P.O. Box 8, Changi Airport, 918141, Singapore
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Cited
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Continuous meteorological surface and soil records (2004–2024) at the Met Office surface site of Cardington, UK S. Osborne et al.
- The evaluation of convectively coupled waves in limited-length datasets C. Xu et al.
- ACCESS-A: developing convective-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) for the Australian continent S. Rennie et al.
- Adiabatic and radiative cooling are both important causes of aerosol activation in simulated fog events in Europe P. Ghosh et al.
- UCanWBGT: urban street canyon heat stress calculation for weather and climate models J. Shonk et al.
- Evaluating simulations of ship tracks in a km-scale model A. Tippett et al.
- Hectometric-scale modelling of the mixed layer in an urban region evaluated with a dense LiDAR-ceilometer network R. Glazer et al.
- High sensitivity of simulated fog properties to parameterized aerosol activation in case studies from ParisFog P. Ghosh et al.
- The Australian regional atmospheric reanalysis system, version 2 – BARRA2 C. Su et al.
- Added value analysis of a CMIP6-based downscaling ensemble for Australian climate projections C. Stassen et al.
- Data-driven regional weather forecasting: A comparison of stretched-grid and limited-area modelling J. Wijnands et al.
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Continuous meteorological surface and soil records (2004–2024) at the Met Office surface site of Cardington, UK S. Osborne et al.
- The evaluation of convectively coupled waves in limited-length datasets C. Xu et al.
- ACCESS-A: developing convective-scale numerical weather prediction (NWP) for the Australian continent S. Rennie et al.
- Adiabatic and radiative cooling are both important causes of aerosol activation in simulated fog events in Europe P. Ghosh et al.
- UCanWBGT: urban street canyon heat stress calculation for weather and climate models J. Shonk et al.
- Evaluating simulations of ship tracks in a km-scale model A. Tippett et al.
- Hectometric-scale modelling of the mixed layer in an urban region evaluated with a dense LiDAR-ceilometer network R. Glazer et al.
- High sensitivity of simulated fog properties to parameterized aerosol activation in case studies from ParisFog P. Ghosh et al.
- The Australian regional atmospheric reanalysis system, version 2 – BARRA2 C. Su et al.
- Added value analysis of a CMIP6-based downscaling ensemble for Australian climate projections C. Stassen et al.
- Data-driven regional weather forecasting: A comparison of stretched-grid and limited-area modelling J. Wijnands et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
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Short summary
RAL configurations define settings for the Unified Model atmosphere and Joint UK Land Environment Simulator. The third version of the Regional Atmosphere and Land (RAL3) science configuration for kilometre- and sub-kilometre-scale modelling represents a major advance compared to previous versions (RAL2) by delivering a common science definition for applications in tropical and mid-latitude regions. RAL3 has more realistic precipitation distributions and an improved representation of clouds and visibility.
RAL configurations define settings for the Unified Model atmosphere and Joint UK Land...
