Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 18, issue 12
Articles | Volume 18, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3735-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-3735-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 12
Development and technical paper
 | 
23 Jun 2025
Development and technical paper |  | 23 Jun 2025

Wastewater matters: incorporating wastewater treatment and reuse into a process-based hydrological model (CWatM v1.08)

Dor Fridman, Mikhail Smilovic, Peter Burek, Sylvia Tramberend, and Taher Kahil

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Short summary
Global hydrological models are applied at high spatial resolutions to quantify water availability and evaluate water scarcity mitigation options. Yet, they mainly oversee critical local processes. This paper presents and demonstrates the inclusion of wastewater treatment and reuse into a global hydrological model. As a result, model performance improves, and models consider treated wastewater as an alternative water source.
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