Articles | Volume 17, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6589-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6589-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
05 Sep 2024
Model description paper |
| 05 Sep 2024
| 05 Sep 2024
CICERO Simple Climate Model (CICERO-SCM v1.1.1) – an improved simple climate model with a parameter calibration tool
Marit Sandstad
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Borgar Aamaas
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Ane Nordlie Johansen
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Marianne Tronstad Lund
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Glen Philip Peters
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Bjørn Hallvard Samset
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Benjamin Mark Sanderson
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie
CICERO Center for International Climate Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Continued global warming from aviation even under high-ambition mitigation scenarios B. Aamaas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101451
- The aerosol pathway is crucial for observationally constraining climate sensitivity and anthropogenic forcing R. Skeie et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1435-2024
- Lightweight climate models could be useful for assessing aviation mitigation strategies and moving beyond the CO2-equivalence metrics debate S. Arriolabengoa et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01888-5
- Atmospheric methane removal as a third climate intervention: termination risks and air pollutant effects K. Tanaka et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-026-00398-8
- Long run emulator calibration increases warming and sea-level rise projections C. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae3847
- Meta-modelling paths of simple climate models using neural networks and dirichlet polynomials: an application to DICE E. Gobet et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13385-025-00438-3
- METEORv1.0.1: a novel framework for emulating multi-timescale regional climate responses M. Sandstad et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8269-2025
- Fast climate impact emulation for global temperature scenarios with the rapid impact model emulator (RIME) E. Byers et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adee3d
- China Can Achieve Carbon Neutrality in Line with the Paris Agreement’s 2 °C Target: Navigating Global Emissions Scenarios, Warming Levels, and Extreme Event Projections X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.023
- Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Typical Ecosystems of the Polygonal Tundra of Samoylov Island (Northeastern Siberia) L. Krivenok et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807825700216
- flat10MIP: an emissions-driven experiment to diagnose the climate response to positive, zero and negative CO2 emissions B. Sanderson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025
- Analysis of ice damage mechanism of pile foundation in still water in cold regions J. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kscej.2025.100284
- Review of climate simulation by Simple Climate Models A. Romero-Prieto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-115-2026
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Continued global warming from aviation even under high-ambition mitigation scenarios B. Aamaas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101451
- The aerosol pathway is crucial for observationally constraining climate sensitivity and anthropogenic forcing R. Skeie et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1435-2024
- Lightweight climate models could be useful for assessing aviation mitigation strategies and moving beyond the CO2-equivalence metrics debate S. Arriolabengoa et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01888-5
- Atmospheric methane removal as a third climate intervention: termination risks and air pollutant effects K. Tanaka et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44168-026-00398-8
- Long run emulator calibration increases warming and sea-level rise projections C. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae3847
- Meta-modelling paths of simple climate models using neural networks and dirichlet polynomials: an application to DICE E. Gobet et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13385-025-00438-3
- METEORv1.0.1: a novel framework for emulating multi-timescale regional climate responses M. Sandstad et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8269-2025
- Fast climate impact emulation for global temperature scenarios with the rapid impact model emulator (RIME) E. Byers et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adee3d
- China Can Achieve Carbon Neutrality in Line with the Paris Agreement’s 2 °C Target: Navigating Global Emissions Scenarios, Warming Levels, and Extreme Event Projections X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2024.11.023
- Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from Typical Ecosystems of the Polygonal Tundra of Samoylov Island (Northeastern Siberia) L. Krivenok et al. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807825700216
- flat10MIP: an emissions-driven experiment to diagnose the climate response to positive, zero and negative CO2 emissions B. Sanderson et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025
- Analysis of ice damage mechanism of pile foundation in still water in cold regions J. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kscej.2025.100284
- Review of climate simulation by Simple Climate Models A. Romero-Prieto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-115-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Jul 2026
Short summary
The CICERO-SCM has existed as a Fortran model since 1999 that calculates the radiative forcing and concentrations from emissions and is an upwelling diffusion energy balance model of the ocean that calculates temperature change. In this paper, we describe an updated version ported to Python and publicly available at https://github.com/ciceroOslo/ciceroscm (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10548720). This version contains functionality for parallel runs and automatic calibration.
The CICERO-SCM has existed as a Fortran model since 1999 that calculates the radiative forcing...
