Articles | Volume 17, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4855-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4855-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
20 Jun 2024
Development and technical paper |
| 20 Jun 2024
| 20 Jun 2024
Hector V3.2.0: functionality and performance of a reduced-complexity climate model
Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
Skylar Gering
California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
Robert Gieseke
independent researcher: Potsdam, Germany
Corinne Hartin
Climate Change Division, Office of Atmospheric Protection, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20004, USA
Leeya Pressburger
Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
Alexey N. Shiklomanov
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
Steven J. Smith
Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
Claudia Tebaldi
Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
Dawn L. Woodard
Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
Ben Bond-Lamberty
Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct, Suite 3500, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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Cited
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Energy system implications of naturally occurring hydrogen P. O’Rourke et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ae462c
- An EOF-Based Emulator of Means and Covariances of Monthly Climate Fields G. Geogdzhayev et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-235-2026
- Meta-modelling paths of simple climate models using neural networks and dirichlet polynomials: an application to DICE E. Gobet et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13385-025-00438-3
- Implications of climate change impacts for emission and land use scenario development C. Tebaldi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae58be
- Methane and the Warming Blame Game J. Wheatley https://doi.org/10.3390/methane4030020
- Long run emulator calibration increases warming and sea-level rise projections C. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae3847
- Building Interpretable Climate Emulators for Economics A. Eftekhari et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaf131
- Fast climate impact emulation for global temperature scenarios with the rapid impact model emulator (RIME) E. Byers et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adee3d
- Model fatigue: debugging Hector through climate computational aesthetics G. Legrand & H. V. Pritchard https://doi.org/10.7238/artnodes.v0i37.432996
- Emulators of Climate Model Output C. Tebaldi et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012125-085838
- Review of climate simulation by Simple Climate Models A. Romero-Prieto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-115-2026
11 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Energy system implications of naturally occurring hydrogen P. O’Rourke et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2753-3751/ae462c
- An EOF-Based Emulator of Means and Covariances of Monthly Climate Fields G. Geogdzhayev et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-235-2026
- Meta-modelling paths of simple climate models using neural networks and dirichlet polynomials: an application to DICE E. Gobet et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13385-025-00438-3
- Implications of climate change impacts for emission and land use scenario development C. Tebaldi et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae58be
- Methane and the Warming Blame Game J. Wheatley https://doi.org/10.3390/methane4030020
- Long run emulator calibration increases warming and sea-level rise projections C. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae3847
- Building Interpretable Climate Emulators for Economics A. Eftekhari et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/ej/ueaf131
- Fast climate impact emulation for global temperature scenarios with the rapid impact model emulator (RIME) E. Byers et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adee3d
- Model fatigue: debugging Hector through climate computational aesthetics G. Legrand & H. V. Pritchard https://doi.org/10.7238/artnodes.v0i37.432996
- Emulators of Climate Model Output C. Tebaldi et al. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012125-085838
- Review of climate simulation by Simple Climate Models A. Romero-Prieto et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-115-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 19 Jul 2026
Short summary
Hector is an easy-to-use, global climate–carbon cycle model. With its quick run time, Hector can provide climate information from a run in a fraction of a second. Hector models on a global and annual basis. Here, we present an updated version of the model, Hector V3. In this paper, we document Hector’s new features. Hector V3 is capable of reproducing historical observations, and its future temperature projections are consistent with those of more complex models.
Hector is an easy-to-use, global climate–carbon cycle model. With its quick run time, Hector can...
