Articles | Volume 17, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3993-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3993-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
16 May 2024
Model description paper |
| 16 May 2024
| 16 May 2024
A global behavioural model of human fire use and management: WHAM! v1.0
The Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment, and Society, Imperial College London, SB7 2BX, London, UK
Department of Geography, King's College London, WC2B 4BG, London, UK
Matthew Kasoar
The Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment, and Society, Imperial College London, SB7 2BX, London, UK
Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
Apostolos Voulgarakis
The Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment, and Society, Imperial College London, SB7 2BX, London, UK
Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
Atmospheric Environment and Climate Change Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, Kounoupidiana, 73100, Greece
Cathy Smith
The Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment, and Society, Imperial College London, SB7 2BX, London, UK
Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, Egham, UK
Jay Mistry
The Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment, and Society, Imperial College London, SB7 2BX, London, UK
Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, Egham, UK
James D. A. Millington
The Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment, and Society, Imperial College London, SB7 2BX, London, UK
Department of Geography, King's College London, WC2B 4BG, London, UK
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Cited
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Broadening the scope of anthropogenic influence in extreme event attribution A. Jézéquel et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad7527
- Understanding and simulating cropland and non-cropland burning in Europe using the BASE (Burnt Area Simulator for Europe) model M. Forrest et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5539-2024
- Human activity augments lightning ignitions to reshape fire seasonality across all biomes on Earth T. Ellis et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02862-w
- InsNet-CRAFTY v1.0: integrating institutional network dynamics powered by large language models with land use change simulation Y. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4983-2025
- Model fires, not ignitions: Capturing the human dimension of global fire regimes M. Kasoar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsus.2024.100128
- The impact of livestock farming on global fire regimes O. Perkins et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adeff5
- Assessing the impact of the Human Development Index on historical trends in the INFERNO fire model J. Teixeira et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-739-2026
- State of Wildfires 2024–2025 D. Kelley et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5377-2025
- Including prescribed burning in fire modelling: A case study from the Brazilian Cerrado using the JULES-INFERNO model R. da Veiga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pyro.2026.100006
- A global assemblage of regional prescribed burn records — GlobalRx A. Hsu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04941-w
- A new tropical savanna PFT, variable root growth and fire improve Cerrado vegetation dynamics simulations in a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model J. Schüler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-95-2026
- Small-scale livelihood and cultural fire: Global spatiotemporal characteristics, and gaps in data C. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0339561
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Broadening the scope of anthropogenic influence in extreme event attribution A. Jézéquel et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad7527
- Understanding and simulating cropland and non-cropland burning in Europe using the BASE (Burnt Area Simulator for Europe) model M. Forrest et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5539-2024
- Human activity augments lightning ignitions to reshape fire seasonality across all biomes on Earth T. Ellis et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-025-02862-w
- InsNet-CRAFTY v1.0: integrating institutional network dynamics powered by large language models with land use change simulation Y. Zeng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4983-2025
- Model fires, not ignitions: Capturing the human dimension of global fire regimes M. Kasoar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsus.2024.100128
- The impact of livestock farming on global fire regimes O. Perkins et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adeff5
- Assessing the impact of the Human Development Index on historical trends in the INFERNO fire model J. Teixeira et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-739-2026
- State of Wildfires 2024–2025 D. Kelley et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-5377-2025
- Including prescribed burning in fire modelling: A case study from the Brazilian Cerrado using the JULES-INFERNO model R. da Veiga et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pyro.2026.100006
- A global assemblage of regional prescribed burn records — GlobalRx A. Hsu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04941-w
- A new tropical savanna PFT, variable root growth and fire improve Cerrado vegetation dynamics simulations in a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model J. Schüler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-95-2026
- Small-scale livelihood and cultural fire: Global spatiotemporal characteristics, and gaps in data C. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0339561
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Jul 2026
Short summary
Wildfire is often presented in the media as a danger to human life. Yet globally, millions of people’s livelihoods depend on using fire as a tool. So, patterns of fire emerge from interactions between humans, land use, and climate. This complexity means scientists cannot yet reliably say how fire will be impacted by climate change. So, we developed a new model that represents globally how people use and manage fire. The model reveals the extent and diversity of how humans live with and use fire.
Wildfire is often presented in the media as a danger to human life. Yet globally, millions of...
