Articles | Volume 17, issue 7 
            
                
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2901-2024
                    © Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2901-2024
                    © Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Challenges of constructing and selecting the “perfect” boundary conditions for the large-eddy simulation model PALM
Jelena Radović
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
                                            
                                    
                                            Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000, Prague 8, Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    
                                            ATEM – Studio of Ecological Models, Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    Michal Belda
                                            Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000, Prague 8, Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    Jaroslav Resler
                                            Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodárenskou věží 271/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    Kryštof Eben
                                            Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodárenskou věží 271/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    Martin Bureš
                                            Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodárenskou věží 271/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    
                                            ATEM – Studio of Ecological Models, Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    Jan Geletič
                                            Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodárenskou věží 271/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    Pavel Krč
                                            Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodárenskou věží 271/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    Hynek Řezníček
                                            Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Vodárenskou věží 271/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
                                    Vladimír Fuka
                                            Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000, Prague 8, Prague, Czech Republic
                                        
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                            Cited
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- On the suitability of dispersion models of varying degree of complexity for air quality assessment and urban planning W. Patiño et al. 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111892
- A city-scale turbulence-resolving model as an essential element of integrated urban services I. Esau et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102059
- SanDyPALM v1.0: static and dynamic drivers for the PALM model to facilitate urban microclimate simulations J. Vogel et al. 10.5194/gmd-18-6063-2025
- A conservative immersed boundary method for the multi-physics urban large-eddy simulation model uDALES v2.0 S. Owens et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-6277-2024
- Challenges of high-fidelity air quality modeling in urban environments – PALM sensitivity study during stable conditions J. Resler et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-7513-2024
- Quantitative evaluation of turbulence reconstruction algorithms for flux estimation based on the characteristics of atmospheric turbulence Z. Liu et al. 10.1063/5.0279166
- Numerical Simulations of the Impacts of Coherent Vortices on Wind Hazards in Urban Blocks D. Yang et al. 10.1007/s10546-025-00935-8
- Challenges of constructing and selecting the “perfect” boundary conditions for the large-eddy simulation model PALM J. Radović et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2901-2024
7 citations as recorded by crossref.
- On the suitability of dispersion models of varying degree of complexity for air quality assessment and urban planning W. Patiño et al. 10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111892
- A city-scale turbulence-resolving model as an essential element of integrated urban services I. Esau et al. 10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102059
- SanDyPALM v1.0: static and dynamic drivers for the PALM model to facilitate urban microclimate simulations J. Vogel et al. 10.5194/gmd-18-6063-2025
- A conservative immersed boundary method for the multi-physics urban large-eddy simulation model uDALES v2.0 S. Owens et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-6277-2024
- Challenges of high-fidelity air quality modeling in urban environments – PALM sensitivity study during stable conditions J. Resler et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-7513-2024
- Quantitative evaluation of turbulence reconstruction algorithms for flux estimation based on the characteristics of atmospheric turbulence Z. Liu et al. 10.1063/5.0279166
- Numerical Simulations of the Impacts of Coherent Vortices on Wind Hazards in Urban Blocks D. Yang et al. 10.1007/s10546-025-00935-8
Latest update: 30 Oct 2025
Short summary
            Boundary conditions are of crucial importance for numerical model (e.g., PALM) validation studies and have a large influence on the model results, especially when studying the atmosphere of real, complex, and densely built urban environments. Our experiments with different driving conditions for the large-eddy simulation model PALM show its strong dependency on boundary conditions, which is important for the proper separation of errors coming from the boundary conditions and the model itself.
            Boundary conditions are of crucial importance for numerical model (e.g., PALM) validation...
            
         
 
                             
                             
             
             
            