Nudging allows direct evaluation of coupled climate models with in situ observations: a case study from the MOSAiC expedition

Pithan, Felix; Athanase, Marylou; Dahlke, Sandro; Sánchez-Benítez, Antonio; Shupe, Matthew D.; Sledd, Anne; Streffing, Jan; Svensson, Gunilla; Jung, Thomas

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1857-2023

Articles | Volume 16, issue 7

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1857-2023

© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1857-2023

© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 7

Methods for assessment of models

|

04 Apr 2023

Methods for assessment of models |

| 04 Apr 2023

Nudging allows direct evaluation of coupled climate models with in situ observations: a case study from the MOSAiC expedition

Felix Pithan, Marylou Athanase, Sandro Dahlke, Antonio Sánchez-Benítez, Matthew D. Shupe, Anne Sledd, Jan Streffing, Gunilla Svensson, and Thomas Jung

Data sets

10-meter (m) meteorological flux tower measurements (Level 1 Raw), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) C. Cox, M. Gallagher, M. Shupe, O. Persson, A. Solomon, B. Blomquist, I. Brooks, D. Costa, D. Gottas, J. Hutchings, J. Osborn, S. Morris, A. Preusser, and T. Uttal https://doi.org/10.18739/A2VM42Z5F

Radiation instruments on Ice (ICERADRIIHIMAKI) L. Riihimaki https://doi.org/10.5439/1608608

Ceilometer (CEIL) V. Morris, D. Zhang, and B. Ermold https://doi.org/10.5439/1181954

ShupeTurner cloud microphysics M. Shupe https://doi.org/10.5439/1871015

Initial radiosonde data from 2019-10 to 2020-09 during project MOSAiC M. Maturilli, D. J. Holdridge, S. Dahlke, J. Graeser, A. Sommerfeld, R. Jaiser, H. Deckelmann, and A. Schulz https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928656

Lightchain measurements from radiation station 2020R10. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven M. Nicolaus, P. Anhaus, M. Hoppmann, R. Tao, and C. Katlein https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.949126

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T58, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 R. Lei, B. Cheng, M. Hoppmann, and G. Zuo https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940393

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T62, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 R. Lei, B. Cheng, M. Hoppmann, G. Zuo, and M. Lan https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940231

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T63, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 R. Lei, B. Cheng, G. Zuo, and M. Hoppmann https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940593

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T64, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 R. Lei, B. Cheng, M. Hoppmann, and G. Zuo https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940617

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T65, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 R. Lei, B. Cheng, G. Zuo, and M. Hoppmann https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940634

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T70, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 R. Lei, B. Cheng, G. Zuo, M. Hoppmann, and M. Lan https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940659

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T72 R. Lei, B. Cheng, M. Hoppmann, and G. Zuo https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940668

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2020T73 R. Lei, J. K. Hutchings, B. Cheng, M. Hoppmann, and Z. Yuan https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940680

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2020T74 R. Lei, J. K. Hutchings, B. Cheng, and M. Hoppmann https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940692

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2020T77 R. Lei, J. K. Hutchings, M. Hoppmann, and Z. Yuan https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940749

Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2020T76 R. Lei, J. K. Hutchings, M. Hoppmann, and Z. Yuan https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940702

Model code and software

XIOS 2.0 (Revision 1297) Y. Meurdesoif https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4905653

CESM/CAM6 model code CESM community https://github.com/ESCOMP/CESM

FESOM 2.0 AWI-CM3 version 3.0 P. Scholz, D. Sidorenko, O. Gurses, S. Danilov, N. Koldunov, Q. Wang, D. Sein, M. Smolentseva, N. Rakowsky, and T. Jung https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335383

Modifications to use OpenIFS CY43R3V1 for AWI-CM3 version 3.0 J. Streffing and U. Fladich https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335498

OASIS3-MCT: The Oasis coupler between climate models S. Valcke, T. Craig, E. Maisonnave, and L. Coquart https://oasis.cerfacs.fr/en/downloads/

EC-Earth community runoff-mapper scheme K. Wyser https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335474

esm_tools_release3_as_used_by_AWI-CM3_paper (3.1) D. Barbi, P. Gierz, M. Andrés-Martínez, D. Ural, and L. Cristini https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6335309

Short summary

Evaluating climate models usually requires long observational time series, but we present a method that also works for short field campaigns. We compare climate model output to observations from the MOSAiC expedition in the central Arctic Ocean. All models show how the arrival of a warm air mass warms the Arctic in April 2020, but two models do not show the response of snow temperature to the diurnal cycle. One model has too little liquid water and too much ice in clouds during cold days.