Articles | Volume 14, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7459-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7459-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model experiment description paper
| 
07 Dec 2021
Model experiment description paper |
| 07 Dec 2021
| 07 Dec 2021
The effect of accounting for public holidays on the skills of the atmospheric composition model SILAM v.5.7
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Rostislav Kouznetsov
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
A.M. Obukhov Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Moscow, Russia
Mikhail Sofiev
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Related authors
Marc Guevara, Augustin Colette, Antoine Guion, Valentin Petiot, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Andrea Bolignano, Paula Camps, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilia D’Elia, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, John Douros, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Oriol Jorba, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Victor Lannuque, Frédérik Meleux, Agnes Nyíri, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Lennard Robertson, Felicita Russo, Arjo Segers, Mikhail Sofiev, Joanna Struzewska, Renske Timmermans, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, and Zhuyun Ye
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1287, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1287, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality models require hourly emissions to accurately represent dispersion and physico-chemical processes in the atmosphere. Since emission inventories are typically provided at the annual level, emissions are downscaled to a refined temporal resolution using temporal profiles. This study quantifies the impact of using new anthropogenic temporal profiles on the performance of an European air quality multi-model ensemble. Overall, the findings indicate an improvement of the modelling results.
Augustin Colette, Gaëlle Collin, François Besson, Etienne Blot, Vincent Guidard, Frederik Meleux, Adrien Royer, Valentin Petiot, Claire Miller, Oihana Fermond, Alizé Jeant, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Dene Bowdalo, Jorgen Brandt, Gino Briganti, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilia D’Elia, Massimo D’Isidoro, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, Enza Di Tomaso, John Douros, Jeronimo Escribano, Henk Eskes, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Johannes Flemming, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Guido Guarnieri, Marc Guevara, Antoine Guion, Jonathan Guth, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Ulas Im, Ruud Janssen, Marine Jeoffrion, Mathieu Joly, Luke Jones, Oriol Jorba, Evgeni Kadantsev, Michael Kahnert, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Anne Caroline Lange, Joachim Langner, Victor Lannuque, Francesca Macchia, Astrid Manders, Mihaela Mircea, Agnes Nyiri, Miriam Olid, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Antonio Piersanti, Blandine Raux, Miha Razinger, Lennard Robertson, Arjo Segers, Martijn Schaap, Pilvi Siljamo, David Simpson, Mikhail Sofiev, Anders Stangel, Joanna Struzewska, Carles Tena, Renske Timmermans, Thanos Tsikerdekis, Svetlana Tsyro, Svyatoslav Tyuryakov, Anthony Ung, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, Peter van Velthoven, Lina Vitali, Zhuyun Ye, Vincent-Henri Peuch, and Laurence Rouïl
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service – Regional Production delivers daily forecasts, analyses, and reanalyses of air quality in Europe. The Service relies on a distributed modelling production by eleven leading European modelling teams following stringent requirements with an operational design which has no equivalent in the world. All the products are full, free, open and quality assured and disseminated with a high level of reliability.
Rostislav Kouznetsov, Risto Hänninen, Andreas Uppstu, Evgeny Kadantsev, Yalda Fatahi, Marje Prank, Dmitrii Kouznetsov, Steffen Manfred Noe, Heikki Junninen, and Mikhail Sofiev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4675–4691, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4675-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4675-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By relying solely on publicly available media reports, we were able to infer the temporal evolution and the injection height for the Nord Stream gas leaks in September 2022. The inventory specifies locations, vertical distributions, and temporal evolution of the methane sources. The inventory can be used to simulate the event with atmospheric transport models. The inventory is supplemented with a set of observational data tailored to evaluate the results of the simulated atmospheric dispersion.
Rostislav Kouznetsov, Mikhail Sofiev, Andreas Uppstu, and Risto Hänninen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2364, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscientific Model Development (GMD).
Short summary
Short summary
The paper addresses a two-order-of-magnitude discrepancy in measured deposition velocities of accumulation-mode aerosols from different methods. This uncertainty affects current atmospheric deposition models. By explicitly accounting for gas-particle transition, we could reproduce the observations. Resolving the discrepancy, reduces uncertainties in simulated concentrations and fallout.
Marc Guevara, Augustin Colette, Antoine Guion, Valentin Petiot, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Andrea Bolignano, Paula Camps, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilia D’Elia, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, John Douros, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Oriol Jorba, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Victor Lannuque, Frédérik Meleux, Agnes Nyíri, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Lennard Robertson, Felicita Russo, Arjo Segers, Mikhail Sofiev, Joanna Struzewska, Renske Timmermans, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, and Zhuyun Ye
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1287, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1287, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Air quality models require hourly emissions to accurately represent dispersion and physico-chemical processes in the atmosphere. Since emission inventories are typically provided at the annual level, emissions are downscaled to a refined temporal resolution using temporal profiles. This study quantifies the impact of using new anthropogenic temporal profiles on the performance of an European air quality multi-model ensemble. Overall, the findings indicate an improvement of the modelling results.
Augustin Colette, Gaëlle Collin, François Besson, Etienne Blot, Vincent Guidard, Frederik Meleux, Adrien Royer, Valentin Petiot, Claire Miller, Oihana Fermond, Alizé Jeant, Mario Adani, Joaquim Arteta, Anna Benedictow, Robert Bergström, Dene Bowdalo, Jorgen Brandt, Gino Briganti, Ana C. Carvalho, Jesper Heile Christensen, Florian Couvidat, Ilia D’Elia, Massimo D’Isidoro, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Gaël Descombes, Enza Di Tomaso, John Douros, Jeronimo Escribano, Henk Eskes, Hilde Fagerli, Yalda Fatahi, Johannes Flemming, Elmar Friese, Lise Frohn, Michael Gauss, Camilla Geels, Guido Guarnieri, Marc Guevara, Antoine Guion, Jonathan Guth, Risto Hänninen, Kaj Hansen, Ulas Im, Ruud Janssen, Marine Jeoffrion, Mathieu Joly, Luke Jones, Oriol Jorba, Evgeni Kadantsev, Michael Kahnert, Jacek W. Kaminski, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Richard Kranenburg, Jeroen Kuenen, Anne Caroline Lange, Joachim Langner, Victor Lannuque, Francesca Macchia, Astrid Manders, Mihaela Mircea, Agnes Nyiri, Miriam Olid, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Yuliia Palamarchuk, Antonio Piersanti, Blandine Raux, Miha Razinger, Lennard Robertson, Arjo Segers, Martijn Schaap, Pilvi Siljamo, David Simpson, Mikhail Sofiev, Anders Stangel, Joanna Struzewska, Carles Tena, Renske Timmermans, Thanos Tsikerdekis, Svetlana Tsyro, Svyatoslav Tyuryakov, Anthony Ung, Andreas Uppstu, Alvaro Valdebenito, Peter van Velthoven, Lina Vitali, Zhuyun Ye, Vincent-Henri Peuch, and Laurence Rouïl
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3744, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service – Regional Production delivers daily forecasts, analyses, and reanalyses of air quality in Europe. The Service relies on a distributed modelling production by eleven leading European modelling teams following stringent requirements with an operational design which has no equivalent in the world. All the products are full, free, open and quality assured and disseminated with a high level of reliability.
Jorge E. Pachón, Mariel A. Opazo, Pablo Lichtig, Nicolas Huneeus, Idir Bouarar, Guy Brasseur, Cathy W. Y. Li, Johannes Flemming, Laurent Menut, Camilo Menares, Laura Gallardo, Michael Gauss, Mikhail Sofiev, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Julia Palamarchuk, Andreas Uppstu, Laura Dawidowski, Nestor Y. Rojas, María de Fátima Andrade, Mario E. Gavidia-Calderón, Alejandro H. Delgado Peralta, and Daniel Schuch
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 7467–7512, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Latin America (LAC) has some of the most populated urban areas in the world, with high levels of air pollution. Air quality management in LAC has been traditionally focused on surveillance and building emission inventories. This study performed the first intercomparison and model evaluation in LAC, with interesting and insightful findings for the region. A multiscale modeling ensemble chain was assembled as a first step towards an air quality forecasting system.
Branko Sikoparija, Predrag Matavulj, Isidora Simovic, Predrag Radisic, Sanja Brdar, Vladan Minic, Danijela Tesendic, Evgeny Kadantsev, Julia Palamarchuk, and Mikhail Sofiev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 5051–5070, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5051-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-5051-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We assess the suitability of a Rapid-E+ particle counter for use in pollen monitoring networks. The criterion was the ability of different devices to provide the same signal for the same pollen type, which would allow for unified reference libraries and recognition algorithms for Rapid-E+. We tested three devices and found notable differences between their fluorescence measurements. Each one showed potential for pollen identification, but the large variability between them needs to be addressed.
Rostislav Kouznetsov, Risto Hänninen, Andreas Uppstu, Evgeny Kadantsev, Yalda Fatahi, Marje Prank, Dmitrii Kouznetsov, Steffen Manfred Noe, Heikki Junninen, and Mikhail Sofiev
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4675–4691, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4675-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4675-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
By relying solely on publicly available media reports, we were able to infer the temporal evolution and the injection height for the Nord Stream gas leaks in September 2022. The inventory specifies locations, vertical distributions, and temporal evolution of the methane sources. The inventory can be used to simulate the event with atmospheric transport models. The inventory is supplemented with a set of observational data tailored to evaluate the results of the simulated atmospheric dispersion.
Heidi Hellén, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Kaisa Kraft, Jukka Seppälä, Mika Vestenius, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lauri Laakso, and Hannele Hakola
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 4717–4731, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-4717-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Mixing ratios of C2-C5 NMHCs and methanethiol were measured on an island in the Baltic Sea using an in situ gas chromatograph. Shipping emissions were found to be an important source of ethene, ethyne, propene, and benzene. High summertime mixing ratios of methanethiol and dependence of mixing ratios on seawater temperature and height indicated the biogenic origin to possibly be phytoplankton or macroalgae. These emissions may have a strong impact on SO2 production and new particle formation.
Leena Kangas, Jaakko Kukkonen, Mari Kauhaniemi, Kari Riikonen, Mikhail Sofiev, Anu Kousa, Jarkko V. Niemi, and Ari Karppinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 1489–1507, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1489-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1489-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Residential wood combustion is a major source of fine particulate matter. This study has evaluated the contribution of residential wood combustion to fine particle concentrations and its year-to-year and seasonal variation in te Helsinki metropolitan area. The average concentrations attributed to wood combustion in winter were up to 10- or 15-fold compared to summer. Wood combustion caused 12 % to 14 % of annual fine particle concentrations. In winter, the contribution ranged from 16 % to 21 %.
Risto Matias Hänninen, Rostislav Kouznetsov, and Mikhail Sofiev
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-3, 2023
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Chemistry transport models describe the motion of particles and gases in atmosphere, containing chemistry equations that allow reaction between different species. The widely used carbon-bond chemistry schemes are originally written in a numerically problematic form that drives some concentrations to unphysical negative values. Here the chemistry equations are re-written in a form where this problem is absent, allowing an easier integration of the equations into any chemistry transport model.
Yunyao Li, Daniel Tong, Siqi Ma, Saulo R. Freitas, Ravan Ahmadov, Mikhail Sofiev, Xiaoyang Zhang, Shobha Kondragunta, Ralph Kahn, Youhua Tang, Barry Baker, Patrick Campbell, Rick Saylor, Georg Grell, and Fangjun Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 3083–3101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3083-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3083-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Plume height is important in wildfire smoke dispersion and affects air quality and human health. We assess the impact of plume height on wildfire smoke dispersion and the exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. A higher plume height predicts lower pollution near the source region, but higher pollution in downwind regions, due to the faster spread of the smoke once ejected, affects pollution exceedance forecasts and the early warning of extreme air pollution events.
Sanna Saarikoski, Heidi Hellén, Arnaud P. Praplan, Simon Schallhart, Petri Clusius, Jarkko V. Niemi, Anu Kousa, Toni Tykkä, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Minna Aurela, Laura Salo, Topi Rönkkö, Luis M. F. Barreira, Liisa Pirjola, and Hilkka Timonen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 2963–2982, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study elucidates properties and sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and organic aerosol (OA) in a traffic environment. Anthropogenic VOCs (aVOCs) were clearly higher than biogenic VOCs (bVOCs), but bVOCs produced a larger portion of oxidation products. OA consisted mostly of oxygenated OA, representing secondary OA (SOA). SOA was partly associated with bVOCs, but it was also related to long-range transport. Primary OA originated mostly from traffic.
Svetlana Sofieva, Eija Asmi, Nina S. Atanasova, Aino E. Heikkinen, Emeline Vidal, Jonathan Duplissy, Martin Romantschuk, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Jaakko Kukkonen, Dennis H. Bamford, Antti-Pekka Hyvärinen, and Mikhail Sofiev
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6201–6219, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new bubble-generating glass chamber design with an extensive set of aerosol production experiments is presented to re-evaluate bubble-bursting-mediated aerosol production as a function of water parameters: bubbling air flow, water salinity, and temperature. Our main findings suggest modest dependence of aerosol production on the water salinity and a strong dependence on temperature below ~ 10 °C.
Outi Meinander, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavel Amosov, Elena Aseyeva, Cliff Atkins, Alexander Baklanov, Clarissa Baldo, Sarah L. Barr, Barbara Barzycka, Liane G. Benning, Bojan Cvetkovic, Polina Enchilik, Denis Frolov, Santiago Gassó, Konrad Kandler, Nikolay Kasimov, Jan Kavan, James King, Tatyana Koroleva, Viktoria Krupskaya, Markku Kulmala, Monika Kusiak, Hanna K. Lappalainen, Michał Laska, Jerome Lasne, Marek Lewandowski, Bartłomiej Luks, James B. McQuaid, Beatrice Moroni, Benjamin Murray, Ottmar Möhler, Adam Nawrot, Slobodan Nickovic, Norman T. O’Neill, Goran Pejanovic, Olga Popovicheva, Keyvan Ranjbar, Manolis Romanias, Olga Samonova, Alberto Sanchez-Marroquin, Kerstin Schepanski, Ivan Semenkov, Anna Sharapova, Elena Shevnina, Zongbo Shi, Mikhail Sofiev, Frédéric Thevenet, Throstur Thorsteinsson, Mikhail Timofeev, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Andreas Uppstu, Darya Urupina, György Varga, Tomasz Werner, Olafur Arnalds, and Ana Vukovic Vimic
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11889–11930, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11889-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11889-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
High-latitude dust (HLD) is a short-lived climate forcer, air pollutant, and nutrient source. Our results suggest a northern HLD belt at 50–58° N in Eurasia and 50–55° N in Canada and at >60° N in Eurasia and >58° N in Canada. Our addition to the previously identified global dust belt (GDB) provides crucially needed information on the extent of active HLD sources with both direct and indirect impacts on climate and environment in remote regions, which are often poorly understood and predicted.
Viktoria F. Sofieva, Risto Hänninen, Mikhail Sofiev, Monika Szeląg, Hei Shing Lee, Johanna Tamminen, and Christian Retscher
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 3193–3212, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3193-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-3193-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present tropospheric ozone column datasets that have been created using combinations of total ozone column from OMI and TROPOMI with stratospheric ozone column datasets from several available limb-viewing instruments (MLS, OSIRIS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, OMPS-LP, GOMOS). The main results are (i) several methodological developments, (ii) new tropospheric ozone column datasets from OMI and TROPOMI, and (iii) a new high-resolution dataset of ozone profiles from limb satellite instruments.
Tero M. Partanen and Mikhail Sofiev
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1335–1346, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1335-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1335-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The presented method aims to forecast regional wildfire-emitted radiative power in a time-dependent manner several days in advance. The temporal fire radiative power can be converted to an emission production rate, which can be implemented in air quality forecasting simulations. It is shown that in areas with a high incidence of wildfires, the fire radiative power is quite predictable, but otherwise it is not.
Karol Kuliński, Gregor Rehder, Eero Asmala, Alena Bartosova, Jacob Carstensen, Bo Gustafsson, Per O. J. Hall, Christoph Humborg, Tom Jilbert, Klaus Jürgens, H. E. Markus Meier, Bärbel Müller-Karulis, Michael Naumann, Jørgen E. Olesen, Oleg Savchuk, Andreas Schramm, Caroline P. Slomp, Mikhail Sofiev, Anna Sobek, Beata Szymczycha, and Emma Undeman
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 633–685, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-633-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-633-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The paper covers the aspects related to changes in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, P) external loads; their transformations in the coastal zone; changes in organic matter production (eutrophication) and remineralization (oxygen availability); and the role of sediments in burial and turnover of C, N, and P. Furthermore, this paper also focuses on changes in the marine CO2 system, the structure of the microbial community, and the role of contaminants for biogeochemical processes.
Hugues Brenot, Nicolas Theys, Lieven Clarisse, Jeroen van Gent, Daniel R. Hurtmans, Sophie Vandenbussche, Nikolaos Papagiannopoulos, Lucia Mona, Timo Virtanen, Andreas Uppstu, Mikhail Sofiev, Luca Bugliaro, Margarita Vázquez-Navarro, Pascal Hedelt, Michelle Maree Parks, Sara Barsotti, Mauro Coltelli, William Moreland, Simona Scollo, Giuseppe Salerno, Delia Arnold-Arias, Marcus Hirtl, Tuomas Peltonen, Juhani Lahtinen, Klaus Sievers, Florian Lipok, Rolf Rüfenacht, Alexander Haefele, Maxime Hervo, Saskia Wagenaar, Wim Som de Cerff, Jos de Laat, Arnoud Apituley, Piet Stammes, Quentin Laffineur, Andy Delcloo, Robertson Lennart, Carl-Herbert Rokitansky, Arturo Vargas, Markus Kerschbaum, Christian Resch, Raimund Zopp, Matthieu Plu, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Michel Van Roozendael, and Gerhard Wotawa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3367–3405, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3367-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ instruments to produce alerts of airborne hazards (volcanic, dust, smoke and radionuclide clouds), satisfying the requirement of aviation air traffic management (ATM) stakeholders (https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/723986).
Jérôme Barré, Hervé Petetin, Augustin Colette, Marc Guevara, Vincent-Henri Peuch, Laurence Rouil, Richard Engelen, Antje Inness, Johannes Flemming, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Dene Bowdalo, Frederik Meleux, Camilla Geels, Jesper H. Christensen, Michael Gauss, Anna Benedictow, Svetlana Tsyro, Elmar Friese, Joanna Struzewska, Jacek W. Kaminski, John Douros, Renske Timmermans, Lennart Robertson, Mario Adani, Oriol Jorba, Mathieu Joly, and Rostislav Kouznetsov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7373–7394, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7373-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7373-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides a comprehensive assessment of air quality changes across the main European urban areas induced by the COVID-19 lockdown using satellite observations, surface site measurements, and the forecasting system from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). We demonstrate the importance of accounting for weather and seasonal variability when calculating such estimates.
Rostislav Kouznetsov
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 377–389, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-377-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-377-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Resetting of non-significant figures (precision trimming) enables efficient data compression and helps to avoid excessive use of storage space and network bandwidth while having well-constrained distortion to the data. The paper analyses accuracy losses and artifacts caused by trimming methods and by the widely used linear packing method. The paper presents several methods with implementation, evaluation, and illustrations and includes subroutines directly usable in geoscientific models.
Cited articles
Beirle, S., Platt, U., Wenig, M., and Wagner, T.: Weekly cycle of NO2 by GOME measurements: a signature of anthropogenic sources, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2225–2232, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-2225-2003, 2003.
Brasseur, G. P., Xie, Y., Petersen, A. K., Bouarar, I., Flemming, J., Gauss, M., Jiang, F., Kouznetsov, R., Kranenburg, R., Mijling, B., Peuch, V.-H., Pommier, M., Segers, A., Sofiev, M., Timmermans, R., van der A, R., Walters, S., Xu, J., and Zhou, G.: Ensemble forecasts of air quality in eastern China – Part 1: Model description and implementation of the MarcoPolo–Panda prediction system, version 1, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 33–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-33-2019, 2019.
Carslaw, K. S., Luo, B., and Peter, T.: An analytic expression for the composition of aqueous HNO3-H2SO4 stratospheric aerosols including gas phase removal of HNO3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1877–1880, https://doi.org/10.1029/95GL01668, 1995.
Chen, P.-Y., Tan, P.-H., Chou, C. C.-K., Lin, Y.-S., Chen, W.-N., and Shiu, C.-J.: Impacts of holiday characteristics and number of vacation days on “holiday effect” in Taipei: Implications on ozone control strategies, Atmos. Environ., 202, 357–369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.029, 2019.
Damski, J., Thölix, L., Backman, L., Taalas, P., and Kulmala, M.: FinROSE – middle atmospheric chemistry transport model, Boreal Environ. Res., 12, 535–550, 2007.
Dasari, H. P., Desamsetti, S., Langodan, S., Karumuri, R. K., Singh, S., and Hoteit, I.: Atmospheric conditions and air quality assessment over NEOM, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Atmos. Environ., 230, 117489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117489, 2020.
de Foy, B., Lu, Z., and Streets, D. G.: Impacts of control strategies, the Great Recession and weekday variations on NO2 columns above North American cities, Atmos. Environ., 138, 74–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.04.038, 2016.
de Foy, B., Brune, W. H., and Schauer, J. J.: Changes in ozone photochemical regime in Fresno, California from 1994 to 2018 deduced from changes in the weekend effect, Environ. Pollut., 263, 114380, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114380, 2020.
Derwent, R. and Hjellbrekke, A.-G.: Air Pollution by Ozone Across Europe: Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 371 pp., 2012.
Ding, J., Miyazaki, K., van der A, R. J., Mijling, B., Kurokawa, J.-I., Cho, S., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Zhang, Q., Liu, F., and Levelt, P. F.: Intercomparison of NOx emission inventories over East Asia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10125–10141, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10125-2017, 2017.
Elansky, N. F., Shilkin, A. V., Ponomarev, N. A., Semutnikova, E. G., and Zakharova, P. V.: Weekly patterns and weekend effects of air pollution in the Moscow megacity, Atmos. Environ., 224, 117303, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117303, 2020.
European Environment Agency: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2013: technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories, Publications Office, LU, Luxembourg, 2013.
Fan, C., Li, Z., Li, Y., Dong, J., van der A, R., and de Leeuw, G.: Variability of NO2 concentrations over China and effect on air quality derived from satellite and ground-based observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 7723–7748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7723-2021, 2021.
Forster, P. M. de F. and Solomon, S.: Observations of a “Weekend Effect” in Diurnal Temperature Range, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, 11225–11230, 2003.
Frost, G. J., Middleton, P., Tarrasón, L., Granier, C., Guenther, A., Cardenas, B., Denier van der Gon, H., Janssens-Maenhout, G., Kaiser, J. W., Keating, T., Klimont, Z., Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Nickovic, S., Ohara, T., Schultz, M. G., Skiba, U., van Aardenne, J., and Wang, Y.: New Directions: GEIA's 2020 vision for better air emissions information, Atmos. Environ., 81, 710–712, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.063, 2013.
Fu, D., Song, Z., Zhang, X., Wu, Y., Duan, M., Pu, W., Ma, Z., Quan, W., Zhou, H., Che, H., and Xia, X.: Similarities and Differences in the Temporal Variability of PM2.5 and AOD Between Urban and Rural Stations in Beijing, Remote Sens., 12, 1193, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071193, 2020.
Fu, X., Wang, S., Zhao, B., Xing, J., Cheng, Z., Liu, H., and Hao, J.: Emission inventory of primary pollutants and chemical speciation in 2010 for the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Environ., 70, 39–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.034, 2013.
Galperin, M. V., Maslyaev, A. M., Pekar, M. I., and Sofiev, M.: The development of HM model in 1996, Meteorological Synthesising Centre East, Moscow, 1996.
Gery, M. W., Whitten, G. Z., Killus, J. P., and Dodge, M. C.: A photochemical kinetics mechanism for urban and regional scale computer modelling, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12925–12956, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD094iD10p12925, 1989.
Gioli, B., Gualtieri, G., Busillo, C., Calastrini, F., Zaldei, A., and Toscano, P.: Improving high resolution emission inventories with local proxies and urban eddy covariance flux measurements, Atmos. Environ., 115, 246–256, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.068, 2015.
Gour, A. A., Singh, S. K., Tyagi, S. K., and Mandal, A.: Weekday/weekend differences in air quality parameters in Delhi, India, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 1, 69–76, 2013.
Granier, C., Bessagnet, B., Bond, T., D'Angiola, A., Denier van der Gon, H., Frost, G. J., Heil, A., Kaiser, J. W., Kinne, S., Klimont, Z., Kloster, S., Lamarque, J.-F., Liousse, C., Masui, T., Meleux, F., Mieville, A., Ohara, T., Raut, J.-C., Riahi, K., Schultz, M. G., Smith, S. J., Thompson, A., van Aardenne, J., van der Werf, G. R., and van Vuuren, D. P.: Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980–2010 period, Climatic Change, 109, 163–190, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1, 2011.
Granier, C., Darras, S., Denier van der Gon, H., Doubalova, J., Elguindi, N., Galle, B., Gauss, M., Guevara, M., Jalkanen, J.-P., Kuenen, J., Liousse, C., Quack, B., Simpson, D., and Sindelarova, K.: The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service global and regional emissions (April 2019 version), https://doi.org/10.24380/D0BN-KX16, 2019.
Grivas, G., Athanasopoulou, E., Kakouri, A., Bailey, J., Liakakou, E., Stavroulas, I., Kalkavouras, P., Bougiatioti, A., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Ramonet, M., Mihalopoulos, N., and Gerasopoulos, E.: Integrating In Situ Measurements and City Scale Modelling to Assess the COVID–19 Lockdown Effects on Emissions and Air Quality in Athens, Greece, Atmosphere, 11, 1174, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111174, 2020.
Guevara, M., Lopez-Aparicio, S., Cuvelier, C., Tarrason, L., Clappier, A., and Thunis, P.: A benchmarking tool to screen and compare bottom-up and top-down atmospheric emission inventories, Air Qual. Atmos. Hlth., 10, 627–642, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-016-0456-6, 2017.
Guevara, M., Jorba, O., Tena, C., Denier van der Gon, H., Kuenen, J., Elguindi, N., Darras, S., Granier, C., and Pérez García-Pando, C.: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service TEMPOral profiles (CAMS-TEMPO): global and European emission temporal profile maps for atmospheric chemistry modelling, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 367–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-367-2021, 2021.
Hassan, S. K., El-Abssawy, A. A., AbdEl-Maksoud, A. S., Abdou, M. H., and Khoder, M. I.: Seasonal Behaviours and Weekdays/Weekends Differences in Elemental Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols in Cairo, Egypt, Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 13, 1552–1562, https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2012.12.0349, 2013.
Hoyos, C. D., Herrera-Mejía, L., Roldán-Henao, N., and Isaza, A.: Effects of fireworks on particulate matter concentration in a narrow valley: the case of the Medellín metropolitan area, Environ. Monit. Assess., 192, 6, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7838-9, 2020.
Hua, J., Zhang, Y., de Foy, B., Mei, X., Shang, J., and Feng, C.: Competing PM2.5 and NO2 holiday effects in the Beijing area vary locally due to differences in residential coal burning and traffic patterns, Sci. Total Environ., 750, 141575, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141575, 2021.
Huang, X., Ding, A., Gao, J., Zheng, B., Zhou, D., Qi, X., Tang, R., Wang, J., Ren, C., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xu, Z., Chen, L., Li, Y., Che, F., Pang, N., Wang, H., Tong, D., Qin, W., Cheng, W., Liu, W., Fu, Q., Liu, B., Chai, F., Davis, S. J., Zhang, Q., and He, K.: Enhanced secondary pollution offset reduction of primary emissions during COVID-19 lockdown in China, Natl. Sci. Rev., 8, 137, https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa137, 2020.
Iriti, M., Piscitelli, P., Missoni, E., and Miani, A.: Air Pollution and Health: The Need for a Medical Reading of Environmental Monitoring Data, Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. He., 17, 2174, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072174, 2020.
Jacob, D. J. and Winner, D. A.: Effect of climate change on air quality, Atmos. Environ., 43, 51–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.051, 2009.
Jhun, I., Coull, B. A., Schwartz, J., Hubbell, B., and Koutrakis, P.: The impact of weather changes on air quality and health in the United States in 1994–2012, Environ. Res. Lett., 10, 084009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/8/084009, 2015.
Jiang, Q., Sun, Y. L., Wang, Z., and Yin, Y.: Aerosol composition and sources during the Chinese Spring Festival: fireworks, secondary aerosol, and holiday effects, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6023–6034, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6023-2015, 2015.
Joly, M. and Peuch, V.-H.: Objective classification of air quality monitoring sites over Europe, Atmos. Environ., 47, 111–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.025, 2012.
Karl, M., Bieser, J., Geyer, B., Matthias, V., Jalkanen, J.-P., Johansson, L., and Fridell, E.: Impact of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) on the future air quality and nitrogen deposition to seawater in the Baltic Sea region, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1721–1752, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1721-2019, 2019.
Khalil, M. A. K., Butenhoff, C. L., Porter, W. C., Almazroui, M., Alkhalaf, A., and Al-Sahafi, M. S.: Air quality in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, J. Air Waste Ma., 66, 341–355, https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2015.1129999, 2016.
Khezri, B., Chan, Y. Y., Tiong, L. Y. D., and Webster, R. D.: Annual air pollution caused by the Hungry Ghost Festival, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 17, 1578–1586, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EM00312A, 2015.
Kouznetsov, R. and Sofiev, M.: A methodology for evaluation of vertical dispersion and dry deposition of atmospheric aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D01202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016366, 2012.
Kouznetsov, R., Sofiev, M., Vira, J., and Stiller, G.: Simulating age of air and the distribution of SF6 in the stratosphere with the SILAM model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 5837–5859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5837-2020, 2020.
Kukkonen, J., López-Aparicio, S., Segersson, D., Geels, C., Kangas, L., Kauhaniemi, M., Maragkidou, A., Jensen, A., Assmuth, T., Karppinen, A., Sofiev, M., Hellén, H., Riikonen, K., Nikmo, J., Kousa, A., Niemi, J. V., Karvosenoja, N., Santos, G. S., Sundvor, I., Im, U., Christensen, J. H., Nielsen, O.-K., Plejdrup, M. S., Nøjgaard, J. K., Omstedt, G., Andersson, C., Forsberg, B., and Brandt, J.: The influence of residential wood combustion on the concentrations of PM2.5 in four Nordic cities, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4333–4365, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4333-2020, 2020.
Lai, Y. and Brimblecombe, P.: Regulatory effects on particulate pollution in the early hours of Chinese New Year, 2015, Environ. Monit. Assess., 189, 467, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6167-0, 2017.
Lehtomäki, H., Korhonen, A., Asikainen, A., Karvosenoja, N., Kupiainen, K., Paunu, V.-V., Savolahti, M., Sofiev, M., Palamarchuk, Y., Karppinen, A., Kukkonen, J., and Hänninen, O.: Health impacts of ambient air pollution in Finland, Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. He., 15, 736, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040736, 2018.
Lonati, G., Giugliano, M., and Cernuschi, S.: The role of traffic emissions from weekends' and weekdays' fine PM data in Milan, Atmos. Environ., 40, 5998–6011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.033, 2006.
McGraw, J., Haas, P., Young, L., and Evens, A.: Greenhouse gas emissions in Chicago: Emissions inventories and reduction strategies for Chicago and its metropolitan region, J. Great Lakes Res., 36, 106–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2009.11.010, 2010.
Menut, L., Goussebaile, A., Bessagnet, B., Khvorostiyanov, D., and Ung, A.: Impact of realistic hourly emissions profiles on air pollutants concentrations modelled with CHIMERE, Atmos. Environ., 49, 233–244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.057, 2012.
Menut, L., Bessagnet, B., Siour, G., Mailler, S., Pennel, R., and Cholakian, A.: Impact of lockdown measures to combat Covid-19 on air quality over western Europe, Sci. Total Environ., 741, 140426–140426, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140426, 2020.
Mues, A., Kuenen, J., Hendriks, C., Manders, A., Segers, A., Scholz, Y., Hueglin, C., Builtjes, P., and Schaap, M.: Sensitivity of air pollution simulations with LOTOS-EUROS to the temporal distribution of anthropogenic emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 939–955, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-939-2014, 2014.
Nodehi, R. N., Hashemi, S. Y., and Azimi, F.: The effect of national events and holidays on ambient PM2.5 concentrations, Journal of Air Pollution and Health, 3, 109–118, 2018.
Parra, R. and Franco, E.: Identifying the Ozone Weekend Effect in the air quality of the northern Andean region of Ecuador, WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ., 207, 169–180, 2016.
Petersen, A. K., Brasseur, G. P., Bouarar, I., Flemming, J., Gauss, M., Jiang, F., Kouznetsov, R., Kranenburg, R., Mijling, B., Peuch, V.-H., Pommier, M., Segers, A., Sofiev, M., Timmermans, R., van der A, R., Walters, S., Xie, Y., Xu, J., and Zhou, G.: Ensemble forecasts of air quality in eastern China – Part 2: Evaluation of the MarcoPolo–Panda prediction system, version 1, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1241–1266, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1241-2019, 2019.
Poupkou, A., Giannaros, T., Markakis, K., Kioutsioukis, I., Curci, G., Melas, D., and Zerefos, C.: A model for European Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound emissions: Software development and first validation, Environ. Modell. Softw., 25, 1845–1856, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.05.004, 2010.
Retama, A., Neria-Hernández, A., Jaimes-Palomera, M., Rivera-Hernández, O., Sánchez-Rodríguez, M., López-Medina, A., and Velasco, E.: Fireworks: A major source of inorganic and organic aerosols during Christmas and New Year in Mexico city, Atmospheric Environment: X, 2, 100013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100013, 2019.
rkouznetsov: fmidev/silam-model: Release to get DOI, v5_7pub_1, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5713863, 2021 (data available at: https://github.com/fmidev/silam-model, last access: 22 November 2021).
Rozbicka, K. and Rozbicki, T.: The “Weekend Effect” on Ozone in the Warsaw Conurbation, Poland, Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 25, 1675–1683, https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/61815, 2016.
Sharma, S., Zhang, M., Anshika, Gao, J., Zhang, H., and Kota, S. H.: Effect of restricted emissions during COVID-19 on air quality in India, Sci. Total Environ., 728, 138878, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138878, 2020.
Shi, C., Wu, H., and Chiu, Y.-H.: The Dynamic Analysis of the Pollutant Emissions Impact on Human Health in China Industries Based on the Meta-Frontier DEA, Healthcare, 8, 5, https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010005, 2019.
Singh, A., Pant, P., and Pope, F. D.: Air quality during and after festivals: Aerosol concentrations, composition and health effects, Atmos. Res., 227, 220–232, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.05.012, 2019.
Singh, K. P., Gupta, S., and Rai, P.: Identifying pollution sources and predicting urban air quality using ensemble learning methods, Atmos. Environ., 80, 426–437, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.023, 2013.
Sofiev, M.: A model for the evaluation of long-term airborne pollution transport at regional and continental scales, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2481–2493, 2000.
Sofiev, M.: Extended resistance analogy for construction of the vertical diffusion scheme for dispersion models, J. Geophys. Res., 107, ACH 10-1–ACH 10-8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001233, 2002.
Sofiev, M.: On possibilities of assimilation of near-real-time pollen data by atmospheric composition models, Aerobiologia 35, 523–531, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-019-09583-1, 2019.
Sofiev, M., Siljamo, P., Valkama, I., Ilvonen, M., and Kukkonen, J.: A dispersion modelling system SILAM and its evaluation against ETEX data, Atmos. Environ., 40, 674–685, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.069, 2006.
Sofiev, M., Genikhovich, E., Keronen, P., and Vesala, T.: Diagnosing the Surface Layer Parameters for Dispersion Models within the Meteorological-to-Dispersion Modeling Interface, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 49, 221–233, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JAMC2210.1, 2010.
Sofiev, M., Soares, J., Prank, M., de Leeuw, G., and Kukkonen, J.: A regional-to-global model of emission and transport of sea salt particles in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD014713, 2011.
Sofiev, M., Vira, J., Kouznetsov, R., Prank, M., Soares, J., and Genikhovich, E.: Construction of the SILAM Eulerian atmospheric dispersion model based on the advection algorithm of Michael Galperin, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3497–3522, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3497-2015, 2015a.
Sofiev, M., Berger, U., Prank, M., Vira, J., Arteta, J., Belmonte, J., Bergmann, K.-C., Chéroux, F., Elbern, H., Friese, E., Galan, C., Gehrig, R., Khvorostyanov, D., Kranenburg, R., Kumar, U., Marécal, V., Meleux, F., Menut, L., Pessi, A.-M., Robertson, L., Ritenberga, O., Rodinkova, V., Saarto, A., Segers, A., Severova, E., Sauliene, I., Siljamo, P., Steensen, B. M., Teinemaa, E., Thibaudon, M., and Peuch, V.-H.: MACC regional multi-model ensemble simulations of birch pollen dispersion in Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8115–8130, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8115-2015, 2015b.
Sofiev, M., Kouznetsov, R., Hänninen, R., and Sofieva, V. F.: Technical note: Intermittent reduction of the stratospheric ozone over northern Europe caused by a storm in the Atlantic Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1839–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1839-2020, 2020.
Vira, J. and Sofiev, M.: On variational data assimilation for estimating the model initial conditions and emission fluxes for short-term forecasting of SOx concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 46, 318–328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.066, 2012.
Wang, Q. and Su, M.: A preliminary assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on environment – A case study of China, Sci. Total Environ., 728, 138915, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138915, 2020.
Wesely, M. L.: Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1293–1304, 1989.
Xian, P., Reid, J. S., Hyer, E. J., Sampson, C. R., Rubin, J. I., Ades, M., Asencio, N., Basart, S., Benedetti, A., Bhattacharjee, P. S., Brooks, M. E., Colarco, P. R., da Silva, A. M., Eck, T. F., Guth, J., Jorba, O., Kouznetsov, R., Kipling, Z., Sofiev, M., Perez Garcia-Pando, C., Pradhan, Y., Tanaka, T., Wang, J., Westphal, D. L., Yumimoto, K., and Zhang, J.: Current state of the global operational aerosol multi-model ensemble: An update from the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction (ICAP), Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 145, 176–209, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3497, 2019.
Xu, Z., Huang, X., Nie, W., Chi, X., Xu, Z., Zheng, L., Sun, P., and Ding, A.: Influence of synoptic condition and holiday effects on VOCs and ozone production in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, Atmos. Environ., 168, 112–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.08.035, 2017.
Yao, L., Wang, D., Fu, Q., Qiao, L., Wang, H., Li, L., Sun, W., Li, Q., Wang, L., Yang, X., Zhao, Z., Kan, H., Xian, A., Wang, G., Xiao, H., and Chen, J.: The effects of firework regulation on air quality and public health during the Chinese Spring Festival from 2013 to 2017 in a Chinese megacity, Environ. Int., 126, 96–106, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.037, 2019.
Yarwood, G., Rao, S., Yocke, M., and Whitten, G. Z.: Updates to the carbon bond chemical mechanism: CB05, Final report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RT-0400675, 2005.
Ye, C., Chen, R., and Chen, M.: The impacts of Chinese Nian culture on air pollution, J. Clean. Prod., 112, 1740–1745, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.113, 2016.
Zhao, Y., Qiu, L. P., Xu, R. Y., Xie, F. J., Zhang, Q., Yu, Y. Y., Nielsen, C. P., Qin, H. X., Wang, H. K., Wu, X. C., Li, W. Q., and Zhang, J.: Advantages of a city-scale emission inventory for urban air quality research and policy: the case of Nanjing, a typical industrial city in the Yangtze River Delta, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12623–12644, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12623-2015, 2015.
Zhou, M., Jiang, W., Gao, W., Zhou, B., and Liao, X.: A high spatiotemporal resolution anthropogenic VOC emission inventory for Qingdao City in 2016 and its ozone formation potential analysis, Process Saf. Environ., 139, 147–160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.03.040, 2020.
Zou, Y., Charlesworth, E., Yin, C. Q., Yan, X. L., Deng, X. J., and Li, F.: The weekday/weekend ozone differences induced by the emissions change during summer and autumn in Guangzhou, China, Atmos. Environ., 199, 114–126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.019, 2019.
Short summary
Incorporating information on public holidays into anthropogenic sector emissions results in substantial short-term improvement of the chemistry transport model SILAM scores. The largest impact was found for NOx, which is controlled by the changes in the traffic intensity. Certain improvements were also found for other species, but the signal was weaker than that for NOx.
Incorporating information on public holidays into anthropogenic sector emissions results in...
