Articles | Volume 14, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6571-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-6571-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
REMIND2.1: transformation and innovation dynamics of the energy-economic system within climate and sustainability limits
Lavinia Baumstark
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Nico Bauer
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Falk Benke
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Christoph Bertram
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Stephen Bi
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Chen Chris Gong
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Jan Philipp Dietrich
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Alois Dirnaichner
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Anastasis Giannousakis
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Jérôme Hilaire
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
David Klein
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Johannes Koch
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Marian Leimbach
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Antoine Levesque
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Silvia Madeddu
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Aman Malik
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Anne Merfort
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Leon Merfort
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Adrian Odenweller
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Michaja Pehl
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Robert C. Pietzcker
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Franziska Piontek
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Sebastian Rauner
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Renato Rodrigues
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Marianna Rottoli
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Felix Schreyer
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Anselm Schultes
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Bjoern Soergel
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Dominika Soergel
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Jessica Strefler
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Falko Ueckerdt
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Elmar Kriegler
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Gunnar Luderer
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz
Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 13,811 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Apr 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8,785 | 4,841 | 185 | 13,811 | 186 | 210 |
- HTML: 8,785
- PDF: 4,841
- XML: 185
- Total: 13,811
- BibTeX: 186
- EndNote: 210
Total article views: 10,584 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 28 Oct 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7,759 | 2,680 | 145 | 10,584 | 167 | 193 |
- HTML: 7,759
- PDF: 2,680
- XML: 145
- Total: 10,584
- BibTeX: 167
- EndNote: 193
Total article views: 3,227 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Apr 2021)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,026 | 2,161 | 40 | 3,227 | 19 | 17 |
- HTML: 1,026
- PDF: 2,161
- XML: 40
- Total: 3,227
- BibTeX: 19
- EndNote: 17
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 13,811 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 13,213 with geography defined
and 598 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 10,584 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 10,202 with geography defined
and 382 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,227 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,011 with geography defined
and 216 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
127 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The role of low carbon fuels towards net-zero in integrated assessment models and energy system models: A critical review Z. Liu et al.
- How to transport carbon dioxide with minimal environmental impacts today and tomorrow? A prospective life cycle assessment J. Nöhl et al.
- Integrating High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES) into District Heating Networks: A Dynamic Multi-Model Scenario Evaluation of Environmental–Economic Impacts N. Scholliers et al.
- Optimal allocation of the EU carbon budget: A multi-model assessment J. Abrell et al.
- Modeling Merit-Order Shifts in District Heating Networks: A Life Cycle Assessment Method for High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Integration N. Scholliers et al.
- A food system transformation pathway reconciles 1.5 °C global warming with improved health, environment and social inclusion B. Bodirsky et al.
- Life cycle Assessment of Manure-Based biomethane with carbon capture and storage for Argentina’s transport sector L. Machin Ferrero et al.
- Potential consequences of the international transfer of emission allowances under the updated national emissions targets by 2030 T. Tsutsui et al.
- Global energy consumption of the mineral mining industry: Exploring the historical perspective and future pathways to 2060 E. Aramendia et al.
- Hedging our bet on forest permanence for the economic viability of climate targets M. Windisch et al.
- Planetary boundaries under a land-based climate change mitigation scenario with a food demand transformation: a modelling study F. Beier et al.
- Time‑explicit life cycle assessment of a lyocell dress using bw_timex with biogenic carbon accounting A. Wiloso et al.
- Raw material demand and geopolitical risk in carbon-neutral futures T. Naegler et al.
- Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Early‐Stage CO2‐Removing Artificial Photosynthesis Producing Synthesis Gas, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Methane L. Lazar
- Global cost drivers and regional trade-offs for low-carbon fuels: a prospective techno-economic assessment Z. Liu et al.
- Validation of climate mitigation pathways P. Weigmann et al.
- The social welfare value of the global food system S. Dietz et al.
- Sustainability assessment of single-atom catalysts in the transition to greener chemical processes M. Bajada et al.
- Macroeconomic structural change likely increases inequality in India more than climate policy M. Leimbach et al.
- Prospective life cycle assessment of future Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing deposition process for large-scale steel parts C. Spreafico et al.
- Future climate impact of all-solid-state batteries S. Zhang et al.
- Life cycle assessment of future electricity and hydrogen systems: Implications for low-carbon transport R. Deng et al.
- Actions for sustainably scalable multi-terawatt photovoltaics L. Wagner et al.
- Prospective life cycle assessment of titanium powder atomization C. Spreafico
- Paving the way for sustainable decarbonization of the European cement industry O. Cavalett et al.
- Evaluating the impact of lifestyle changes: a scenario-based analysis for Europe’s residential buildings sector A. Andreou et al.
- Accelerating Small Modular Reactor Deployment and Clean Energy Transitions: An Algebraic Model for Achieving Net-Zero Emissions E. Shobeiri et al.
- Contextual conditions define maximum energy-use threshold in low-carbon controlled environment agriculture for agri-food transformation S. Ng et al.
- REMIND-PyPSA-Eur: integrating power system flexibility into sector-coupled energy transition pathways A. Odenweller et al.
- Limited impact of hydrogen co-firing on prolonging fossil-based power generation under low emissions scenarios K. Oshiro & S. Fujimori
- Environmental and economic assessment of electric ferries with different lithium-ion battery technologies F. Kanchiralla et al.
- Assessment of the impacts of renewable energy variability in long-term decarbonization strategies F. Flores et al.
- The emerging endgame: The EU ETS on the road towards climate neutrality M. Pahle et al.
- Impact of declining renewable energy costs on electrification in low-emission scenarios G. Luderer et al.
- Understanding the performance impact of a massively parallel solver for energy system optimization models – a computational experiment using the PIPS-IPM++ solver for REMix instances M. Wetzel et al.
- The underrepresented role of prospective global supply chains in the life cycle optimization of energy systems M. Charalambous et al.
- Integration of a computable general equilibrium model with an energy system model: Application of the AIM global model S. Fujimori et al.
- The role of hydrogen in integrated assessment models: A review of recent developments S. Ghaboulian Zare et al.
- Prospective life cycle assessment of baseload hydrogen based on solar photovoltaics and wind power including underground hydrogen storage M. Dashti et al.
- Automating Life Cycle Assessments through Artificial Intelligence Agents and Integrated Assessment Models N. Preuss & F. You
- Decarbonizing potential of global container shipping with hydrogen-based fuels S. Wei et al.
- Pathways to global hydrogen production within planetary boundaries M. Lejeune et al.
- The 3‐Machines Energy Transition Model: Exploring the Energy Frontiers for Restoring a Habitable Climate H. Desing et al.
- Trade-offs between circularity and sustainability: A prospective sustainability assessment of wind turbine blade recycling considering socioeconomic pathways and climate policies S. Fayyaz et al.
- Bundled measures for China’s food system transformation reveal social and environmental co-benefits X. Wang et al.
- A prospective life cycle assessment of different battery technologies for mobility, including a second stationary application L. Arrieta et al.
- The role of hydrogen for a greenhouse gas-neutral Germany by 2045 T. Schöb et al.
- Life cycle assessment of hydrogen-based fuels use in internal combustion engines of container ships until 2050 S. Wei et al.
- Non-carbon dioxide emissions modeling in integrated assessment models: A review H. Yan et al.
- On the macroecology of rarity and vulnerability to extinction in terrestrial mammals R. Divieso et al.
- Role of biofuels, electro-fuels, and blue fuels for shipping: environmental and economic life cycle considerations F. Kanchiralla et al.
- Climate mitigation under S-shaped energy technology diffusion: Leveraging synergies of optimisation and simulation models A. Odenweller
- Future hydrogen economies imply environmental trade-offs and a supply-demand mismatch T. Terlouw et al.
- A robust asymptotic control model to analyze climate policy with CDR options F. Babonneau et al.
- Model linking for low-carbon transitions: Technical and conceptual challenges and best practices I. Keppo et al.
- Recycling fossil infrastructure for cleaner energy transitions H. Schlesier et al.
- PRospective EnvironMental Impact asSEment (premise): A streamlined approach to producing databases for prospective life cycle assessment using integrated assessment models R. Sacchi et al.
- Analyzing Dynamic Prospective Data Integration in Energy Industry Life Cycle Assessment on a Case Study of a Power Transformer J. Kilb et al.
- The Role of Transdisciplinary Approaches in Environmental Economics S. Mehta et al.
- Future environmental impacts of global iron and steel production C. Harpprecht et al.
- Life-cycle impacts from different decarbonization pathways for the European car fleet A. Dirnaichner et al.
- Coupling material and energy flow analysis with life cycle assessment to support circular strategies at the urban level A. Papageorgiou et al.
- Forecasting sustainability implications of material innovations: Lessons from an illustrative case study on photochromic textiles A. Kamali et al.
- New damage curves and multimodel analysis suggest lower optimal temperature K. van der Wijst et al.
- Preserving buildings: emission reductions from circular economy strategies in Austria N. Alaux et al.
- Endogenous technological change in IAMs: Takeaways in the E3METL model Y. Sun & H. Duan
- Will China's urbanization support its carbon peak goal? – A forecast analysis based on the improved GCAM H. Zhu et al.
- Integrating emerging technologies deployed at scale within prospective life cycle assessments M. Charalambous et al.
- The environmental performance of plastic packaging waste management in Germany: Current and future key factors S. Schmidt & D. Laner
- Integrated modeling of nature’s role in human well-being: A research agenda R. Chaplin-Kramer et al.
- A comprehensive multi-node multi-vector multi-sector modelling framework to investigate integrated energy systems and assess decarbonisation needs P. Colbertaldo et al.
- Uncertainty in land-use adaptation persists despite crop model projections showing lower impacts under high warming E. Molina Bacca et al.
- Food matters: Dietary shifts increase the feasibility of 1.5°C pathways in line with the Paris Agreement F. Humpenöder et al.
- The feasibility of reaching gigatonne scale CO2 storage by mid-century Y. Zhang et al.
- Fuel cell and electric vehicles: Resource use and associated environmental impacts Z. Chen et al.
- Direct and indirect electrification in the German industry from a sector-coupled energy system modeling perspective M. Kaiser et al.
- Identifying energy model fingerprints in mitigation scenarios M. Dekker et al.
- Feedback-based sea level rise impact modelling for integrated assessment models with FRISIAv1.0 L. Ramme et al.
- Onboard Carbon Capture for Circular Marine Fuels M. Charalambous et al.
- Coal-exit alliance must confront freeriding sectors to propel Paris-aligned momentum S. Bi et al.
- The need for carbon-emissions-driven climate projections in CMIP7 B. Sanderson et al.
- Sizing up sustainability: Influence of battery size and cell chemistry on battery-electric trucks’ life-cycle carbon emissions J. Schneider et al.
- Future greenhouse gas emissions of automotive lithium-ion battery cell production C. Xu et al.
- Sufficiency-based absolute sustainability position assessment for passenger vehicles Z. Liang et al.
- Environmental impacts of fuel cell use in deep-sea shipping towards 2050 S. Wei et al.
- Global greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential of existing and planned hydrogen projects T. Terlouw et al.
- Waste LCA and the future V. Bisinella et al.
- Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis and Their Dynamic Evolution J. Matuštík et al.
- Projected landscape-scale repercussions of global action for climate and biodiversity protection P. von Jeetze et al.
- Prospective techno-economic and life cycle assessment: a review across established and emerging carbon capture, storage and utilization (CCS/CCU) technologies P. Wang et al.
- Circular battery production in the EU: Insights from integrating life cycle assessment into system dynamics modeling on recycled content and environmental impacts R. Ginster et al.
- Negative emissions technologies in energy system models and mitigation scenarios - a systematic review W. Xie et al.
- Comparing energy system optimization models and integrated assessment models: Relevance for energy policy advice H. Henke et al.
- Global climate cooperation under the 2 °C goal: Mechanisms and pathways via a coupled CGE–ABM framework Z. CHEN et al.
- Modelling long-term industry energy demand and CO2 emissions in the system context using REMIND (version 3.1.0) M. Pehl et al.
- Prospective analysis of external environmental costs of energy provision D. Bantje et al.
- Innovative reforestation mosaics on marginal land in the globally important Mata Atlântica biome can create climate and economic co-benefits B. Zhang et al.
- Parameters influencing the prospective life cycle emissions of the Austrian building stock: a global sensitivity analysis N. Alaux et al.
- The resource demands of multi-terawatt-scale perovskite tandem photovoltaics L. Wagner et al.
- The mutual benefits of comparing energy system models and integrated assessment models H. Henke et al.
- An integrated modeling perspective on climate change mitigation and co-benefits in the transport sector J. Muessel et al.
- Green Finance and the Hidden Hand of Algorithmic Planning: Debunking Market Rhetoric in the Age of Climate Governance G. Dal Maso & A. Maresca
- A robust infinite-horizon optimal control approach to climate economics F. Babonneau et al.
- Prospective Global Warming Potential of Australian Low-Emission Hydrogen in a Net-Zero Emission Context M. Lejeune et al.
- Investing in nature can improve equity and economic returns J. Johnson et al.
- Future climate impacts of sodium-ion batteries S. Zhang et al.
- Multilevel emission impacts of electrification and coal pathways in China’s net-zero transition C. Gong et al.
- China's diverse energy transition pathways toward carbon neutrality by 2060 F. Yang et al.
- LCA and negative emission potential of retrofitted cement plants under oxyfuel conditions at high biogenic fuel shares O. Cavalett et al.
- Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Power and Heat Supply for a Neighborhood: A Case Study of Herne, Germany G. Quest et al.
- Preconditions for achieving carbon neutrality in cement production through CCUS J. Gallego Dávila et al.
- Negative emissions technologies and practices could challenge global resource supply and environmental limits S. Cobo et al.
- Future environmental impacts of global hydrogen production S. Wei et al.
- The impact of energy sector pollution on human development and inequality amidst climate change S. Rauner et al.
- Sustainability of emerging sludge resource recovery scenarios: Process modeling and life cycle assessment H. Zhou et al.
- Electricity- and hydrogen-driven energy system sector-coupling in net-zero CO2 emission pathways B. van der Zwaan et al.
- Assessing Pathways to Carbon Neutrality in the Ceramic Sector: A Prospective Life Cycle Assessment under Energy System Projections and Technology Scenarios Á. Galán-Martín et al.
- A generic life cycle assessment tool for overall aircraft design F. Pollet et al.
- Influence of wood resource types, conversion technologies, and plant size on the climate benefits and costs of advanced biofuels for aviation, shipping and heavy-duty transport V. Ballal et al.
- Emerging consensus on net energy paves the way for improved integrated assessment modeling L. Delannoy et al.
- An ecosystem of carbon dioxide removal reviews – part 1: direct air CO2 capture and storage M. van der Spek et al.
- Future environmental impacts of metals: A systematic review of impact trends, modelling approaches, and challenges C. Harpprecht et al.
- Comparing economic impacts of net-zero transition with climate damage uncertainties using a dual-model approach A. Hartvig et al.
- Prospective sustainability assessment of water electrolyzer green hydrogen process systems: a monetization-based approach M. Kim et al.
- Battery-electric passenger vehicles will be cost-effective across Africa well before 2040 B. Noll et al.
- Dynamic prospective life cycle assessment of transition paths for the Austrian steel industry L. Lang-Quantzendorff & M. Beermann
- Bidirectional coupling of the long-term integrated assessment model REgional Model of INvestments and Development (REMIND) v3.0.0 with the hourly power sector model Dispatch and Investment Evaluation Tool with Endogenous Renewables (DIETER) v1.0.2 C. Gong et al.
127 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The role of low carbon fuels towards net-zero in integrated assessment models and energy system models: A critical review Z. Liu et al.
- How to transport carbon dioxide with minimal environmental impacts today and tomorrow? A prospective life cycle assessment J. Nöhl et al.
- Integrating High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES) into District Heating Networks: A Dynamic Multi-Model Scenario Evaluation of Environmental–Economic Impacts N. Scholliers et al.
- Optimal allocation of the EU carbon budget: A multi-model assessment J. Abrell et al.
- Modeling Merit-Order Shifts in District Heating Networks: A Life Cycle Assessment Method for High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage Integration N. Scholliers et al.
- A food system transformation pathway reconciles 1.5 °C global warming with improved health, environment and social inclusion B. Bodirsky et al.
- Life cycle Assessment of Manure-Based biomethane with carbon capture and storage for Argentina’s transport sector L. Machin Ferrero et al.
- Potential consequences of the international transfer of emission allowances under the updated national emissions targets by 2030 T. Tsutsui et al.
- Global energy consumption of the mineral mining industry: Exploring the historical perspective and future pathways to 2060 E. Aramendia et al.
- Hedging our bet on forest permanence for the economic viability of climate targets M. Windisch et al.
- Planetary boundaries under a land-based climate change mitigation scenario with a food demand transformation: a modelling study F. Beier et al.
- Time‑explicit life cycle assessment of a lyocell dress using bw_timex with biogenic carbon accounting A. Wiloso et al.
- Raw material demand and geopolitical risk in carbon-neutral futures T. Naegler et al.
- Prospective Life Cycle Assessment of Early‐Stage CO2‐Removing Artificial Photosynthesis Producing Synthesis Gas, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Methane L. Lazar
- Global cost drivers and regional trade-offs for low-carbon fuels: a prospective techno-economic assessment Z. Liu et al.
- Validation of climate mitigation pathways P. Weigmann et al.
- The social welfare value of the global food system S. Dietz et al.
- Sustainability assessment of single-atom catalysts in the transition to greener chemical processes M. Bajada et al.
- Macroeconomic structural change likely increases inequality in India more than climate policy M. Leimbach et al.
- Prospective life cycle assessment of future Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing deposition process for large-scale steel parts C. Spreafico et al.
- Future climate impact of all-solid-state batteries S. Zhang et al.
- Life cycle assessment of future electricity and hydrogen systems: Implications for low-carbon transport R. Deng et al.
- Actions for sustainably scalable multi-terawatt photovoltaics L. Wagner et al.
- Prospective life cycle assessment of titanium powder atomization C. Spreafico
- Paving the way for sustainable decarbonization of the European cement industry O. Cavalett et al.
- Evaluating the impact of lifestyle changes: a scenario-based analysis for Europe’s residential buildings sector A. Andreou et al.
- Accelerating Small Modular Reactor Deployment and Clean Energy Transitions: An Algebraic Model for Achieving Net-Zero Emissions E. Shobeiri et al.
- Contextual conditions define maximum energy-use threshold in low-carbon controlled environment agriculture for agri-food transformation S. Ng et al.
- REMIND-PyPSA-Eur: integrating power system flexibility into sector-coupled energy transition pathways A. Odenweller et al.
- Limited impact of hydrogen co-firing on prolonging fossil-based power generation under low emissions scenarios K. Oshiro & S. Fujimori
- Environmental and economic assessment of electric ferries with different lithium-ion battery technologies F. Kanchiralla et al.
- Assessment of the impacts of renewable energy variability in long-term decarbonization strategies F. Flores et al.
- The emerging endgame: The EU ETS on the road towards climate neutrality M. Pahle et al.
- Impact of declining renewable energy costs on electrification in low-emission scenarios G. Luderer et al.
- Understanding the performance impact of a massively parallel solver for energy system optimization models – a computational experiment using the PIPS-IPM++ solver for REMix instances M. Wetzel et al.
- The underrepresented role of prospective global supply chains in the life cycle optimization of energy systems M. Charalambous et al.
- Integration of a computable general equilibrium model with an energy system model: Application of the AIM global model S. Fujimori et al.
- The role of hydrogen in integrated assessment models: A review of recent developments S. Ghaboulian Zare et al.
- Prospective life cycle assessment of baseload hydrogen based on solar photovoltaics and wind power including underground hydrogen storage M. Dashti et al.
- Automating Life Cycle Assessments through Artificial Intelligence Agents and Integrated Assessment Models N. Preuss & F. You
- Decarbonizing potential of global container shipping with hydrogen-based fuels S. Wei et al.
- Pathways to global hydrogen production within planetary boundaries M. Lejeune et al.
- The 3‐Machines Energy Transition Model: Exploring the Energy Frontiers for Restoring a Habitable Climate H. Desing et al.
- Trade-offs between circularity and sustainability: A prospective sustainability assessment of wind turbine blade recycling considering socioeconomic pathways and climate policies S. Fayyaz et al.
- Bundled measures for China’s food system transformation reveal social and environmental co-benefits X. Wang et al.
- A prospective life cycle assessment of different battery technologies for mobility, including a second stationary application L. Arrieta et al.
- The role of hydrogen for a greenhouse gas-neutral Germany by 2045 T. Schöb et al.
- Life cycle assessment of hydrogen-based fuels use in internal combustion engines of container ships until 2050 S. Wei et al.
- Non-carbon dioxide emissions modeling in integrated assessment models: A review H. Yan et al.
- On the macroecology of rarity and vulnerability to extinction in terrestrial mammals R. Divieso et al.
- Role of biofuels, electro-fuels, and blue fuels for shipping: environmental and economic life cycle considerations F. Kanchiralla et al.
- Climate mitigation under S-shaped energy technology diffusion: Leveraging synergies of optimisation and simulation models A. Odenweller
- Future hydrogen economies imply environmental trade-offs and a supply-demand mismatch T. Terlouw et al.
- A robust asymptotic control model to analyze climate policy with CDR options F. Babonneau et al.
- Model linking for low-carbon transitions: Technical and conceptual challenges and best practices I. Keppo et al.
- Recycling fossil infrastructure for cleaner energy transitions H. Schlesier et al.
- PRospective EnvironMental Impact asSEment (premise): A streamlined approach to producing databases for prospective life cycle assessment using integrated assessment models R. Sacchi et al.
- Analyzing Dynamic Prospective Data Integration in Energy Industry Life Cycle Assessment on a Case Study of a Power Transformer J. Kilb et al.
- The Role of Transdisciplinary Approaches in Environmental Economics S. Mehta et al.
- Future environmental impacts of global iron and steel production C. Harpprecht et al.
- Life-cycle impacts from different decarbonization pathways for the European car fleet A. Dirnaichner et al.
- Coupling material and energy flow analysis with life cycle assessment to support circular strategies at the urban level A. Papageorgiou et al.
- Forecasting sustainability implications of material innovations: Lessons from an illustrative case study on photochromic textiles A. Kamali et al.
- New damage curves and multimodel analysis suggest lower optimal temperature K. van der Wijst et al.
- Preserving buildings: emission reductions from circular economy strategies in Austria N. Alaux et al.
- Endogenous technological change in IAMs: Takeaways in the E3METL model Y. Sun & H. Duan
- Will China's urbanization support its carbon peak goal? – A forecast analysis based on the improved GCAM H. Zhu et al.
- Integrating emerging technologies deployed at scale within prospective life cycle assessments M. Charalambous et al.
- The environmental performance of plastic packaging waste management in Germany: Current and future key factors S. Schmidt & D. Laner
- Integrated modeling of nature’s role in human well-being: A research agenda R. Chaplin-Kramer et al.
- A comprehensive multi-node multi-vector multi-sector modelling framework to investigate integrated energy systems and assess decarbonisation needs P. Colbertaldo et al.
- Uncertainty in land-use adaptation persists despite crop model projections showing lower impacts under high warming E. Molina Bacca et al.
- Food matters: Dietary shifts increase the feasibility of 1.5°C pathways in line with the Paris Agreement F. Humpenöder et al.
- The feasibility of reaching gigatonne scale CO2 storage by mid-century Y. Zhang et al.
- Fuel cell and electric vehicles: Resource use and associated environmental impacts Z. Chen et al.
- Direct and indirect electrification in the German industry from a sector-coupled energy system modeling perspective M. Kaiser et al.
- Identifying energy model fingerprints in mitigation scenarios M. Dekker et al.
- Feedback-based sea level rise impact modelling for integrated assessment models with FRISIAv1.0 L. Ramme et al.
- Onboard Carbon Capture for Circular Marine Fuels M. Charalambous et al.
- Coal-exit alliance must confront freeriding sectors to propel Paris-aligned momentum S. Bi et al.
- The need for carbon-emissions-driven climate projections in CMIP7 B. Sanderson et al.
- Sizing up sustainability: Influence of battery size and cell chemistry on battery-electric trucks’ life-cycle carbon emissions J. Schneider et al.
- Future greenhouse gas emissions of automotive lithium-ion battery cell production C. Xu et al.
- Sufficiency-based absolute sustainability position assessment for passenger vehicles Z. Liang et al.
- Environmental impacts of fuel cell use in deep-sea shipping towards 2050 S. Wei et al.
- Global greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential of existing and planned hydrogen projects T. Terlouw et al.
- Waste LCA and the future V. Bisinella et al.
- Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis and Their Dynamic Evolution J. Matuštík et al.
- Projected landscape-scale repercussions of global action for climate and biodiversity protection P. von Jeetze et al.
- Prospective techno-economic and life cycle assessment: a review across established and emerging carbon capture, storage and utilization (CCS/CCU) technologies P. Wang et al.
- Circular battery production in the EU: Insights from integrating life cycle assessment into system dynamics modeling on recycled content and environmental impacts R. Ginster et al.
- Negative emissions technologies in energy system models and mitigation scenarios - a systematic review W. Xie et al.
- Comparing energy system optimization models and integrated assessment models: Relevance for energy policy advice H. Henke et al.
- Global climate cooperation under the 2 °C goal: Mechanisms and pathways via a coupled CGE–ABM framework Z. CHEN et al.
- Modelling long-term industry energy demand and CO2 emissions in the system context using REMIND (version 3.1.0) M. Pehl et al.
- Prospective analysis of external environmental costs of energy provision D. Bantje et al.
- Innovative reforestation mosaics on marginal land in the globally important Mata Atlântica biome can create climate and economic co-benefits B. Zhang et al.
- Parameters influencing the prospective life cycle emissions of the Austrian building stock: a global sensitivity analysis N. Alaux et al.
- The resource demands of multi-terawatt-scale perovskite tandem photovoltaics L. Wagner et al.
- The mutual benefits of comparing energy system models and integrated assessment models H. Henke et al.
- An integrated modeling perspective on climate change mitigation and co-benefits in the transport sector J. Muessel et al.
- Green Finance and the Hidden Hand of Algorithmic Planning: Debunking Market Rhetoric in the Age of Climate Governance G. Dal Maso & A. Maresca
- A robust infinite-horizon optimal control approach to climate economics F. Babonneau et al.
- Prospective Global Warming Potential of Australian Low-Emission Hydrogen in a Net-Zero Emission Context M. Lejeune et al.
- Investing in nature can improve equity and economic returns J. Johnson et al.
- Future climate impacts of sodium-ion batteries S. Zhang et al.
- Multilevel emission impacts of electrification and coal pathways in China’s net-zero transition C. Gong et al.
- China's diverse energy transition pathways toward carbon neutrality by 2060 F. Yang et al.
- LCA and negative emission potential of retrofitted cement plants under oxyfuel conditions at high biogenic fuel shares O. Cavalett et al.
- Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Power and Heat Supply for a Neighborhood: A Case Study of Herne, Germany G. Quest et al.
- Preconditions for achieving carbon neutrality in cement production through CCUS J. Gallego Dávila et al.
- Negative emissions technologies and practices could challenge global resource supply and environmental limits S. Cobo et al.
- Future environmental impacts of global hydrogen production S. Wei et al.
- The impact of energy sector pollution on human development and inequality amidst climate change S. Rauner et al.
- Sustainability of emerging sludge resource recovery scenarios: Process modeling and life cycle assessment H. Zhou et al.
- Electricity- and hydrogen-driven energy system sector-coupling in net-zero CO2 emission pathways B. van der Zwaan et al.
- Assessing Pathways to Carbon Neutrality in the Ceramic Sector: A Prospective Life Cycle Assessment under Energy System Projections and Technology Scenarios Á. Galán-Martín et al.
- A generic life cycle assessment tool for overall aircraft design F. Pollet et al.
- Influence of wood resource types, conversion technologies, and plant size on the climate benefits and costs of advanced biofuels for aviation, shipping and heavy-duty transport V. Ballal et al.
- Emerging consensus on net energy paves the way for improved integrated assessment modeling L. Delannoy et al.
- An ecosystem of carbon dioxide removal reviews – part 1: direct air CO2 capture and storage M. van der Spek et al.
- Future environmental impacts of metals: A systematic review of impact trends, modelling approaches, and challenges C. Harpprecht et al.
- Comparing economic impacts of net-zero transition with climate damage uncertainties using a dual-model approach A. Hartvig et al.
- Prospective sustainability assessment of water electrolyzer green hydrogen process systems: a monetization-based approach M. Kim et al.
- Battery-electric passenger vehicles will be cost-effective across Africa well before 2040 B. Noll et al.
- Dynamic prospective life cycle assessment of transition paths for the Austrian steel industry L. Lang-Quantzendorff & M. Beermann
- Bidirectional coupling of the long-term integrated assessment model REgional Model of INvestments and Development (REMIND) v3.0.0 with the hourly power sector model Dispatch and Investment Evaluation Tool with Endogenous Renewables (DIETER) v1.0.2 C. Gong et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 May 2026
Short summary
This paper presents the new and open-source version 2.1 of the REgional Model of INvestments and Development (REMIND) with the aim of improving code documentation and transparency. REMIND is an integrated assessment model (IAM) of the energy-economic system. By answering questions like
Can the world keep global warming below 2 °C?and, if so,
Under what socio-economic conditions and applying what technological options?, it is the goal of REMIND to explore consistent transformation pathways.
This paper presents the new and open-source version 2.1 of the REgional Model of INvestments and...