Articles | Volume 14, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3317-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3317-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Evaluation of the dynamic core of the PALM model system 6.0 in a neutrally stratified urban environment: comparison between LES and wind-tunnel experiments
Tobias Gronemeier
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
Kerstin Surm
Meteorological Institute, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Frank Harms
Meteorological Institute, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Bernd Leitl
Meteorological Institute, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Björn Maronga
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Siegfried Raasch
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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- Parameter investigation for urban surface‐energy balance: A large‐eddy simulation study C. Wilson et al.
- Atmospheric boundary layer over urban roughness: Validation of large-eddy simulation M. Teng et al.
- Capability of the building-resolving PALM model system to capture micrometeorological characteristics of an urban environment in Vienna, Austria B. Hollósi et al.
- Modelling the impact of an urban development project on microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in a mid-latitude city J. Anders et al.
- Can Areawide Building Retrofitting Affect the Urban Microclimate? An LES Study for Berlin, Germany B. Maronga et al.
- Wind farm wake recovery: LES and engineering models compared to wind tunnel data G. Centurelli et al.
- Urban Wind as a Pathway to Positive Energy Districts K. Sornek et al.
- Dispersion of particulate matter (PM2.5) from wood combustion for residential heating: optimization of mitigation actions based on large-eddy simulations T. Wolf et al.
- Drone anemometry of atmospheric winds—A review M. Ilyas et al.
- LIDAR Observation and Numerical Simulation of Building-Induced Airflow Disturbances and Their Potential Impact on Aircraft Operation at an Operating Airport K. Lo et al.
- Challenges of constructing and selecting the “perfect” boundary conditions for the large-eddy simulation model PALM J. Radović et al.
- Impacts of building-height variability on turbulent coherent structures and pollutant dispersion: Large-eddy simulations J. Kim et al.
- Advances in CFD Modeling of Urban Wind Applied to Aerial Mobility A. García-Gutiérrez et al.
- Comparison of Urban Atmospheric Dispersion Simulations Considering Building and Terrain Conditions: Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model and Gaussian Plume Model S. Park et al.
- Modulating local winds and turbulence around a single building obstacle with the obstruction of tall vegetation G. Duan et al.
- Quantitative evaluation of turbulence reconstruction algorithms for flux estimation based on the characteristics of atmospheric turbulence Z. Liu et al.
- Large Eddy Simulation Based Evaluation of an Urban Canopy Model S. Mateen et al.
- Evaluation of the dynamic core of the PALM model system 6.0 in a neutrally stratified urban environment: comparison between LES and wind-tunnel experiments T. Gronemeier et al.
- Turbulent flow over aligned cylindrical obstacles G. Duan et al.
- Simplifying heat stress assessment: Evaluating meteorological variables as single indicators of outdoor thermal comfort in urban environments J. Anders et al.
- Microscale to neighbourhood scale: Impact of shading on urban climate C. Wilson et al.
- Impacts of atmospheric turbulence on optic measurements over heterogeneous flat terrain: insights from large eddy simulations G. Kermarrec et al.
- Effects of Increase in Surface Roughness Length of Building Roof, Building Wall, and Road on Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Street Canyons: Large-Eddy Simulations D. Kim et al.
- Effect of the atmospheric stability condition on buoyant plume dynamics R. Dubey et al.
- Climate sensitive designs for policy makers: How LES model resolution affects accuracy in capturing urban micro-scale weather during heatwaves L. Sungur et al.
- Rooftop photovoltaics in urban microscale LES modeling: Implementation and validation J. Anders et al.
- Challenges of high-fidelity air quality modeling in urban environments – PALM sensitivity study during stable conditions J. Resler et al.
- Large-Eddy Simulations of the Entrainment and Detrainment of Pollutants at the Roof Level of Two-Dimensional Urban Street Canyons D. Kim et al.
- Urban microscale simulations based on a Local Climate Zone wizard: Concept and validation using the PALM model system J. Anders & B. Maronga
- Dispersive Fluxes Within and Over a Real Urban Canopy: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study E. Akinlabi et al.
- The Departure from Mixed-Layer Similarity During the Afternoon Decay of Turbulence in the Free-Convective Boundary Layer: Results from Large-Eddy Simulations O. Elguernaoui et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
We demonstrate the capability of the PALM model system version 6.0 to simulate urban boundary layers. The studied situation includes a real-world building setup of the HafenCity area in Hamburg, Germany. We evaluate the simulation results against wind-tunnel measurements utilizing PALM's virtual measurement module. The comparison reveals an overall high agreement between simulation results and wind-tunnel measurements including mean wind speed and direction as well as turbulence statistics.
We demonstrate the capability of the PALM model system version 6.0 to simulate urban boundary...