The PALM model system 6.0 for atmospheric and oceanic boundary-layer flows: model description and applications in urban environments
The PALM model system 6.0 for atmospheric and oceanic boundary-layer flows: model description and applications in urban environments
Editor(s): GMD topic editors | Coordinator: B. Maronga
In 2016, the German research programme "Urban Climate Under Change [UC]2" was launched by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The major goal of this programme has been the development of a new urban climate model that allows simulations that are building-resolving for entire cities and that cover an area of up to 2000 km2. In this framework, the established open-source large-eddy simulation model PALM (at version 4.0) was chosen as the model core, and missing components relevant to simulate urban boundary layers and thus urban climate have been added and now form the new PALM model system. The PALM model system now consists of PALM and new components for urban applications, which are referred to as PALM-4U components. This special issue covers the model description of the PALM model system, i.e. PALM (version 6.0) including PALM-4U components as well as the description of first numerical experiments conducted with the PALM-4U components, including evaluations against wind tunnel and field observations.

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20 Mar 2020
| Overview paper
Overview of the PALM model system 6.0
Björn Maronga, Sabine Banzhaf, Cornelia Burmeister, Thomas Esch, Renate Forkel, Dominik Fröhlich, Vladimir Fuka, Katrin Frieda Gehrke, Jan Geletič, Sebastian Giersch, Tobias Gronemeier, Günter Groß, Wieke Heldens, Antti Hellsten, Fabian Hoffmann, Atsushi Inagaki, Eckhard Kadasch, Farah Kanani-Sühring, Klaus Ketelsen, Basit Ali Khan, Christoph Knigge, Helge Knoop, Pavel Krč, Mona Kurppa, Halim Maamari, Andreas Matzarakis, Matthias Mauder, Matthias Pallasch, Dirk Pavlik, Jens Pfafferott, Jaroslav Resler, Sascha Rissmann, Emmanuele Russo, Mohamed Salim, Michael Schrempf, Johannes Schwenkel, Gunther Seckmeyer, Sebastian Schubert, Matthias Sühring, Robert von Tils, Lukas Vollmer, Simon Ward, Björn Witha, Hauke Wurps, Julian Zeidler, and Siegfried Raasch
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 1335–1372, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1335-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1335-2020, 2020
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10 Jan 2022
Importance of radiative transfer processes in urban climate models: a study based on the PALM 6.0 model system
Mohamed H. Salim, Sebastian Schubert, Jaroslav Resler, Pavel Krč, Björn Maronga, Farah Kanani-Sühring, Matthias Sühring, and Christoph Schneider
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 145–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-145-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-145-2022, 2022
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03 Sep 2021
Mesoscale nesting interface of the PALM model system 6.0
Eckhard Kadasch, Matthias Sühring, Tobias Gronemeier, and Siegfried Raasch
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5435–5465, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5435-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5435-2021, 2021
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23 Aug 2021
Modeling of land–surface interactions in the PALM model system 6.0: land surface model description, first evaluation, and sensitivity to model parameters
Katrin Frieda Gehrke, Matthias Sühring, and Björn Maronga
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5307–5329, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5307-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5307-2021, 2021
03 Aug 2021
Validation of the PALM model system 6.0 in a real urban environment: a case study in Dejvice, Prague, the Czech Republic
Jaroslav Resler, Kryštof Eben, Jan Geletič, Pavel Krč, Martin Rosecký, Matthias Sühring, Michal Belda, Vladimír Fuka, Tomáš Halenka, Peter Huszár, Jan Karlický, Nina Benešová, Jana Ďoubalová, Kateřina Honzáková, Josef Keder, Šárka Nápravníková, and Ondřej Vlček
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4797–4842, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4797-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4797-2021, 2021
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20 Jul 2021
Sensitivity analysis of the PALM model system 6.0 in the urban environment
Michal Belda, Jaroslav Resler, Jan Geletič, Pavel Krč, Björn Maronga, Matthias Sühring, Mona Kurppa, Farah Kanani-Sühring, Vladimír Fuka, Kryštof Eben, Nina Benešová, and Mikko Auvinen
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4443–4464, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4443-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4443-2021, 2021
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10 Jun 2021
Building indoor model in PALM-4U: indoor climate, energy demand, and the interaction between buildings and the urban microclimate
Jens Pfafferott, Sascha Rißmann, Matthias Sühring, Farah Kanani-Sühring, and Björn Maronga
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3511–3519, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3511-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3511-2021, 2021
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04 Jun 2021
Evaluation of the dynamic core of the PALM model system 6.0 in a neutrally stratified urban environment: comparison between LES and wind-tunnel experiments
Tobias Gronemeier, Kerstin Surm, Frank Harms, Bernd Leitl, Björn Maronga, and Siegfried Raasch
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3317–3333, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3317-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3317-2021, 2021
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03 Jun 2021
A nested multi-scale system implemented in the large-eddy simulation model PALM model system 6.0
Antti Hellsten, Klaus Ketelsen, Matthias Sühring, Mikko Auvinen, Björn Maronga, Christoph Knigge, Fotios Barmpas, Georgios Tsegas, Nicolas Moussiopoulos, and Siegfried Raasch
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3185–3214, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3185-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3185-2021, 2021
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31 May 2021
Radiative Transfer Model 3.0 integrated into the PALM model system 6.0
Pavel Krč, Jaroslav Resler, Matthias Sühring, Sebastian Schubert, Mohamed H. Salim, and Vladimír Fuka
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3095–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3095-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3095-2021, 2021
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06 May 2021
WRF4PALM v1.0: a mesoscale dynamical driver for the microscale PALM model system 6.0
Dongqi Lin, Basit Khan, Marwan Katurji, Leroy Bird, Ricardo Faria, and Laura E. Revell
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2503–2524, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2503-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2503-2021, 2021
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01 Mar 2021
Development of an atmospheric chemistry model coupled to the PALM model system 6.0: implementation and first applications
Basit Khan, Sabine Banzhaf, Edward C. Chan, Renate Forkel, Farah Kanani-Sühring, Klaus Ketelsen, Mona Kurppa, Björn Maronga, Matthias Mauder, Siegfried Raasch, Emmanuele Russo, Martijn Schaap, and Matthias Sühring
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1171–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1171-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1171-2021, 2021
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27 Nov 2020
Geospatial input data for the PALM model system 6.0: model requirements, data sources and processing
Wieke Heldens, Cornelia Burmeister, Farah Kanani-Sühring, Björn Maronga, Dirk Pavlik, Matthias Sühring, Julian Zeidler, and Thomas Esch
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5833–5873, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5833-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5833-2020, 2020
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18 Nov 2020
Sensitivity of spatial aerosol particle distributions to the boundary conditions in the PALM model system 6.0
Mona Kurppa, Pontus Roldin, Jani Strömberg, Anna Balling, Sasu Karttunen, Heino Kuuluvainen, Jarkko V. Niemi, Liisa Pirjola, Topi Rönkkö, Hilkka Timonen, Antti Hellsten, and Leena Järvi
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5663–5685, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5663-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5663-2020, 2020
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09 Jul 2020
Calculating human thermal comfort and thermal stress in the PALM model system 6.0
Dominik Fröhlich and Andreas Matzarakis
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3055–3065, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3055-2020,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3055-2020, 2020
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11 Apr 2019
Implementation of the sectional aerosol module SALSA2.0 into the PALM model system 6.0: model development and first evaluation
Mona Kurppa, Antti Hellsten, Pontus Roldin, Harri Kokkola, Juha Tonttila, Mikko Auvinen, Christoph Kent, Prashant Kumar, Björn Maronga, and Leena Järvi
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 1403–1422, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1403-2019,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1403-2019, 2019
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