Articles | Volume 13, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Mats Bentsen
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Dirk Olivié
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Thomas Toniazzo
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Stockholm University, Department of Meteorology, Stockholm, Sweden
Ada Gjermundsen
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Lise Seland Graff
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Jens Boldingh Debernard
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Alok Kumar Gupta
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Yan-Chun He
Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway
Alf Kirkevåg
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Jörg Schwinger
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Jerry Tjiputra
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Kjetil Schanke Aas
University of Oslo, Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway
Ingo Bethke
Geophysical Institute, University in Bergen, and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Yuanchao Fan
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Jan Griesfeller
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Alf Grini
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Chuncheng Guo
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Mehmet Ilicak
Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Inger Helene Hafsahl Karset
University of Oslo, Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway
Oskar Landgren
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Johan Liakka
Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway
Kine Onsum Moseid
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Aleksi Nummelin
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Clemens Spensberger
Geophysical Institute, University in Bergen, and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
University of Oslo, Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway
Zhongshi Zhang
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Christoph Heinze
Geophysical Institute, University in Bergen, and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Trond Iversen
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
University of Oslo, Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway
Michael Schulz
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
University of Oslo, Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway
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- Characteristic changes in climate projections over Indus Basin using the bias corrected CMIP6 simulations K. Koteswara Rao et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-06108-w
- Machine Learning Modeling of Aedes albopictus Habitat Suitability in the 21st Century P. Georgiades et al. 10.3390/insects14050447
- Spatially resolved evaluation of Earth system models with satellite column-averaged CO<sub>2</sub> B. Gier et al. 10.5194/bg-17-6115-2020
- Emergent constraints on equilibrium climate sensitivity in CMIP5: do they hold for CMIP6? M. Schlund et al. 10.5194/esd-11-1233-2020
- Carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 models V. Arora et al. 10.5194/bg-17-4173-2020
- AeroCom phase III multi-model evaluation of the aerosol life cycle and optical properties using ground- and space-based remote sensing as well as surface in situ observations J. Gliß et al. 10.5194/acp-21-87-2021
- Using Satellite Observations to Evaluate Model Microphysical Representation of Arctic Mixed‐Phase Clouds J. Shaw et al. 10.1029/2021GL096191
- Contributions of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing and Multidecadal Internal Variability to Mid‐20th Century Arctic Cooling—CMIP6/DAMIP Multimodel Analysis T. Aizawa et al. 10.1029/2021GL097093
- Large-scale features and evaluation of the PMIP4-CMIP6 <i>midHolocene</i> simulations C. Brierley et al. 10.5194/cp-16-1847-2020
- Nitrogen cycling in CMIP6 land surface models: progress and limitations T. Davies-Barnard et al. 10.5194/bg-17-5129-2020
- Changes in Winter Temperature Extremes From Future Arctic Sea‐Ice Loss and Ocean Warming Y. Lo et al. 10.1029/2022GL102542
- The Climate Response to Emissions Reductions Due to COVID‐19: Initial Results From CovidMIP C. Jones et al. 10.1029/2020GL091883
- Effective radiative forcing and adjustments in CMIP6 models C. Smith et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9591-2020
- Evaluation and correction analysis of the regional rainfall simulation by CMIP6 over Sudan W. Babiker et al. 10.5937/gp28-46565
- Soil carbon sequestration simulated in CMIP6-LUMIP models: implications for climatic mitigation A. Ito et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/abc912
- Projection of future climate change in the Poyang Lake Basin of China under the global warming of 1.5–3°C M. Zhang et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2022.985145
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- Effective radiative forcing from emissions of reactive gases and aerosols – a multi-model comparison G. Thornhill et al. 10.5194/acp-21-853-2021
- Projected changes in rainfall over Uganda based on CMIP6 models H. Ngoma et al. 10.1007/s00704-022-04106-4
- Projected changes in precipitation and air temperature over the Volga River Basin from bias-corrected CMIP6 outputs S. Hoseini et al. 10.61186/NMCE.2303.1034
- Assessment of Meteorological Drought in a Changing Environment: An Example in the Upper Yangtze River J. Shen et al. 10.1029/2024JD041019
- Extreme climate events and future population exposure under climate change in the Huaihe River basin of China based on CMIP6 multimodel ensembles projections T. Yao et al. 10.1002/joc.8543
- Analysis of tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling in the present and future climate from the suite of CMIP6 models T. Kumar et al. 10.1007/s00704-022-04136-y
- Evaluation of climate model aerosol trends with ground-based observations over the last 2 decades – an AeroCom and CMIP6 analysis A. Mortier et al. 10.5194/acp-20-13355-2020
- Evaluation and multimodel projection of seasonal precipitation extremes over central Asia based on CMIP6 simulations V. Dike et al. 10.1002/joc.7641
- Projected Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Over the United States, Central America, and the Caribbean in CMIP6 GCMs M. Almazroui et al. 10.1007/s41748-021-00199-5
- Evaluation of global ocean–sea-ice model simulations based on the experimental protocols of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP-2) H. Tsujino et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-3643-2020
- Tracking Improvement in Simulated Marine Biogeochemistry Between CMIP5 and CMIP6 R. Séférian et al. 10.1007/s40641-020-00160-0
- Projected Change in Temperature and Precipitation Over Africa from CMIP6 M. Almazroui et al. 10.1007/s41748-020-00161-x
- Seasonal transition dates can reveal biases in Arctic sea ice simulations A. Smith et al. 10.5194/tc-14-2977-2020
Latest update: 20 Nov 2024
Short summary
The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. The temperature and precipitation patterns has improved compared to NorESM1. The model reaches present-day warming levels to within 0.2 °C of observed temperature but with a delayed warming during the late 20th century. Under the four scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5), the warming in the period of 2090–2099 compared to 1850–1879 reaches 1.3, 2.2, 3.1, and 3.9 K.
The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and...