Articles | Volume 13, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5311-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5311-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
05 Nov 2020
Model evaluation paper |
| 05 Nov 2020
| 05 Nov 2020
Description and evaluation of the process-based forest model 4C v2.2 at four European forest sites
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Christopher P. O. Reyer
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Martin Gutsch
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
Chris Kollas
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
DB Services GmbH, Elisabeth-Schwarzhaupt-Platz 1, 10115 Berlin, Germany
Franz-Werner Badeck
Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, via S. Protaso, 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d'Arda PC, Italy
Harald K. M. Bugmann
Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
Rüdiger Grote
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Cornelia Fürstenau
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Informatik, Heinz Nixdorf Chair for Distributed Information Systems, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 1–4, 07743 Jena, Germany
Marcus Lindner
European Forest Institute, Resilience Programme, Platz der Vereinten Nationen 7, 53113 Bonn, Germany
Jörg Schaber
EXCO GmbH, Adam-Opel-Str. 9–11, 67227 Frankenthal, Germany
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Tree regeneration in models of forest dynamics – Suitability to assess climate change impacts on European forests L. König et al. 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120390
- How random are predictions of forest growth? The importance of weather variability J. Horemans et al. 10.1139/cjfr-2019-0366
- The Salem simulator version 2.0: a tool for predicting the productivity of pure and mixed stands and simulating management operations R. Aussenac et al. 10.12688/openreseurope.13671.1
- A harmonized database of European forest simulations under climate change M. Grünig et al. 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110384
- Competition in forest plantations: Empirical and process-based modelling in pine and eucalypt plantations L. Barbosa et al. 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110410
- Bridging the gap between forest planning and ecology in biodiversity forecasts: A review J. Hunault-Fontbonne & K. Eyvindson 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110620
- Evaluation of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model Biome-BGCMuSo for Modelling Soil Organic Carbon under Different Land Uses M. Ostrogović Sever et al. 10.3390/land10090968
- Quantifying climate change effects on future forest biomass availability using yield tables improved by mechanistic scaling I. Storms et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155189
- Refining the standardized growth change method for pointer year detection: Accounting for statistical bias and estimating the deflection period A. Buras et al. 10.1016/j.dendro.2022.125964
- The Salem simulator version 2.0: a tool for predicting the productivity of pure and mixed forest stands and simulating management operations R. Aussenac et al. 10.12688/openreseurope.13671.2
- The evolution, complexity and diversity of models of long‐term forest dynamics H. Bugmann & R. Seidl 10.1111/1365-2745.13989
- Tree regeneration in models of forest dynamics: A key priority for further research O. Díaz‐Yáñez et al. 10.1002/ecs2.4807
- Simulation Modeling of Forest Soil Respiration: Case Study of Entic Carbic Podzol under Coniferous–Broadleaved Forest in the South of Moscow Oblast I. Priputina et al. 10.1134/S1064229323601221
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Tree regeneration in models of forest dynamics – Suitability to assess climate change impacts on European forests L. König et al. 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120390
- How random are predictions of forest growth? The importance of weather variability J. Horemans et al. 10.1139/cjfr-2019-0366
- The Salem simulator version 2.0: a tool for predicting the productivity of pure and mixed stands and simulating management operations R. Aussenac et al. 10.12688/openreseurope.13671.1
- A harmonized database of European forest simulations under climate change M. Grünig et al. 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110384
- Competition in forest plantations: Empirical and process-based modelling in pine and eucalypt plantations L. Barbosa et al. 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110410
- Bridging the gap between forest planning and ecology in biodiversity forecasts: A review J. Hunault-Fontbonne & K. Eyvindson 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110620
- Evaluation of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model Biome-BGCMuSo for Modelling Soil Organic Carbon under Different Land Uses M. Ostrogović Sever et al. 10.3390/land10090968
- Quantifying climate change effects on future forest biomass availability using yield tables improved by mechanistic scaling I. Storms et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155189
- Refining the standardized growth change method for pointer year detection: Accounting for statistical bias and estimating the deflection period A. Buras et al. 10.1016/j.dendro.2022.125964
- The Salem simulator version 2.0: a tool for predicting the productivity of pure and mixed forest stands and simulating management operations R. Aussenac et al. 10.12688/openreseurope.13671.2
- The evolution, complexity and diversity of models of long‐term forest dynamics H. Bugmann & R. Seidl 10.1111/1365-2745.13989
- Tree regeneration in models of forest dynamics: A key priority for further research O. Díaz‐Yáñez et al. 10.1002/ecs2.4807
- Simulation Modeling of Forest Soil Respiration: Case Study of Entic Carbic Podzol under Coniferous–Broadleaved Forest in the South of Moscow Oblast I. Priputina et al. 10.1134/S1064229323601221
Latest update: 19 Apr 2024
Short summary
The process-based model 4C has been developed to study climate impacts on forests and is now freely available as an open-source tool. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the 4C version (v2.2) for scientific users of the model and presents an evaluation of 4C. The evaluation focused on forest growth, carbon water, and heat fluxes. We conclude that 4C is widely applicable, reliable, and ready to be released to the scientific community to use and further develop the model.
The process-based model 4C has been developed to study climate impacts on forests and is now...
