Articles | Volume 13, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-249-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-249-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
29 Jan 2020
Model evaluation paper |
| 29 Jan 2020
| 29 Jan 2020
Turbulent kinetic energy over large offshore wind farms observed and simulated by the mesoscale model WRF (3.8.1)
Simon K. Siedersleben
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Andreas Platis
Environmental Physics, ZAG, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Julie K. Lundquist
University of Colorado, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
Bughsin Djath
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany
Astrid Lampert
Institute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
Konrad Bärfuss
Institute of Flight Guidance, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
Beatriz Cañadillas
UL-DEWI Gmbh, Oldenburg, Germany
Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany
Jens Bange
Environmental Physics, ZAG, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Tom Neumann
UL-DEWI Gmbh, Oldenburg, Germany
Stefan Emeis
Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 4,548 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 10 Jul 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,040 | 1,440 | 68 | 4,548 | 99 | 85 |
- HTML: 3,040
- PDF: 1,440
- XML: 68
- Total: 4,548
- BibTeX: 99
- EndNote: 85
Total article views: 3,557 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 29 Jan 2020)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,651 | 842 | 64 | 3,557 | 86 | 76 |
- HTML: 2,651
- PDF: 842
- XML: 64
- Total: 3,557
- BibTeX: 86
- EndNote: 76
Total article views: 991 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 10 Jul 2019)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 389 | 598 | 4 | 991 | 13 | 9 |
- HTML: 389
- PDF: 598
- XML: 4
- Total: 991
- BibTeX: 13
- EndNote: 9
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,548 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,059 with geography defined
and 489 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,557 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,154 with geography defined
and 403 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 991 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 905 with geography defined
and 86 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
44 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Turbulence structures and entrainment length scales in large offshore wind farms A. Syed et al. 10.5194/wes-8-125-2023
- In situ airborne measurements of atmospheric and sea surface parameters related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight A. Lampert et al. 10.5194/essd-12-935-2020
- Diurnal impact of atmospheric stability on inter-farm wake and power generation efficiency at neighboring onshore wind farms in complex terrain Q. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115897
- Impact of offshore wind farms on a tropical depression through the amplification effect by the downstream mountainous terrain S. Deng et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.107047
- Evaluating the WFIP2 updates to the HRRR model using scanning Doppler lidar measurements in the complex terrain of the Columbia River Basin Y. Pichugina et al. 10.1063/5.0009138
- Seasonal variability of wake impacts on US mid-Atlantic offshore wind plant power production D. Rosencrans et al. 10.5194/wes-9-555-2024
- Offshore wind farm cluster wakes as observed by long-range-scanning wind lidar measurements and mesoscale modeling B. Cañadillas et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1241-2022
- The Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Sea State Demonstrated by Airborne LiDAR Measurements K. Bärfuss et al. 10.3390/jmse9060644
- In situ airborne measurements of atmospheric parameters and airborne sea surface properties related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight during the project X-Wakes A. Lampert et al. 10.5194/essd-16-4777-2024
- Validation of turbulence intensity as simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model off the US northeast coast S. Tai et al. 10.5194/wes-8-433-2023
- A case study of wind farm effects using two wake parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (V3.7.1) in the presence of low-level jets X. Larsén & J. Fischereit 10.5194/gmd-14-3141-2021
- Mesoscale modelling of North Sea wind resources with COSMO-CLM: model evaluation and impact assessment of future wind farm characteristics on cluster-scale wake losses R. Borgers et al. 10.5194/wes-9-697-2024
- Wakes in and between very large offshore arrays S. Pryor et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022037
- Modelling wind farm effects in HARMONIE–AROME (cycle 43.2.2) – Part 1: Implementation and evaluation J. Fischereit et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2855-2024
- Comparing and validating intra-farm and farm-to-farm wakes across different mesoscale and high-resolution wake models J. Fischereit et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1069-2022
- Impact of wind farm wakes on flow structures in and around downstream wind farms A. Stieren & R. Stevens 10.1017/flo.2022.15
- Overview of preparation for the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN) P. Moriarty et al. 10.1063/5.0141683
- Comparison of individual versus ensemble wind farm parameterizations inclusive of sub‐grid wakes for the WRF model Y. Ma et al. 10.1002/we.2758
- A One‐Year‐Long Evaluation of a Wind‐Farm Parameterization in HARMONIE‐AROME B. van Stratum et al. 10.1029/2021MS002947
- Wind shadows impact planning of large offshore wind farms S. Pryor & R. Barthelmie 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122755
- Simulated wind farm wake sensitivity to configuration choices in the Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3.8.1 J. Tomaszewski & J. Lundquist 10.5194/gmd-13-2645-2020
- Spatial constraints in large-scale expansion of wind power plants E. Antonini & K. Caldeira 10.1073/pnas.2103875118
- Turbulence above offshore wind farms measured by aircraft A. Haseeb Syed et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022065
- The sensitivity of the Fitch wind farm parameterization to a three-dimensional planetary boundary layer scheme A. Rybchuk et al. 10.5194/wes-7-2085-2022
- A Linear Theory of Wind Farm Efficiency and Interaction R. Smith 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0009.1
- Scientific challenges to characterizing the wind resource in the marine atmospheric boundary layer W. Shaw et al. 10.5194/wes-7-2307-2022
- Review of Mesoscale Wind-Farm Parametrizations and Their Applications J. Fischereit et al. 10.1007/s10546-021-00652-y
- Impacts of offshore wind farms on the atmospheric environment over Taiwan Strait during an extreme weather typhoon event T. Lee et al. 10.1038/s41598-022-04807-w
- Impact of ocean waves on offshore wind farm power production S. Porchetta et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.111
- An induction-aware parameterization for wind farms in the WRF mesoscale model M. Mayol et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062006
- Mesoscale impact of the sea surface on the performance of offshore wind farms C. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133741
- “Wind Theft” from Onshore Wind Turbine Arrays: Sensitivity to Wind Farm Parameterization and Resolution S. Pryor et al. 10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0235.1
- Surface impacts of large offshore wind farms M. Golbazi et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac6e49
- Computation and Analysis of an Offshore Wind Power Forecast: Towards a Better Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Plant Aerodynamics Y. Zhao et al. 10.3390/en15124223
- Impacts of accelerating deployment of offshore windfarms on near-surface climate N. Akhtar et al. 10.1038/s41598-022-22868-9
- Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials N. Akhtar et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-91283-3
- Wind Farms’ Location and Geographical Proximity as a Key Factor in Sustainable City Development: Evidence from Poland P. Zarębski et al. 10.3390/en17143447
- Observations and simulations of a wind farm modifying a thunderstorm outflow boundary J. Tomaszewski & J. Lundquist 10.5194/wes-6-1-2021
- A coupled turbine-interaction wind farm parameterization in the Weather Research and Forecasting model C. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116919
- Power Production, Inter- and Intra-Array Wake Losses from the U.S. East Coast Offshore Wind Energy Lease Areas S. Pryor & R. Barthelmie 10.3390/en17051063
- Recovery processes in a large offshore wind farm T. Gupta & S. Baidya Roy 10.5194/wes-6-1089-2021
- Simulating the Impacts of Wind Farm Wake under the Changes in MYNN Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme in High Resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model T. Kaytancı et al. 10.3390/atmos13111838
- 20% of US electricity from wind will have limited impacts on system efficiency and regional climate S. Pryor et al. 10.1038/s41598-019-57371-1
- Wind plants can impact long-term local atmospheric conditions N. Bodini et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-02089-2
42 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Turbulence structures and entrainment length scales in large offshore wind farms A. Syed et al. 10.5194/wes-8-125-2023
- In situ airborne measurements of atmospheric and sea surface parameters related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight A. Lampert et al. 10.5194/essd-12-935-2020
- Diurnal impact of atmospheric stability on inter-farm wake and power generation efficiency at neighboring onshore wind farms in complex terrain Q. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115897
- Impact of offshore wind farms on a tropical depression through the amplification effect by the downstream mountainous terrain S. Deng et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.107047
- Evaluating the WFIP2 updates to the HRRR model using scanning Doppler lidar measurements in the complex terrain of the Columbia River Basin Y. Pichugina et al. 10.1063/5.0009138
- Seasonal variability of wake impacts on US mid-Atlantic offshore wind plant power production D. Rosencrans et al. 10.5194/wes-9-555-2024
- Offshore wind farm cluster wakes as observed by long-range-scanning wind lidar measurements and mesoscale modeling B. Cañadillas et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1241-2022
- The Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Sea State Demonstrated by Airborne LiDAR Measurements K. Bärfuss et al. 10.3390/jmse9060644
- In situ airborne measurements of atmospheric parameters and airborne sea surface properties related to offshore wind parks in the German Bight during the project X-Wakes A. Lampert et al. 10.5194/essd-16-4777-2024
- Validation of turbulence intensity as simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model off the US northeast coast S. Tai et al. 10.5194/wes-8-433-2023
- A case study of wind farm effects using two wake parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (V3.7.1) in the presence of low-level jets X. Larsén & J. Fischereit 10.5194/gmd-14-3141-2021
- Mesoscale modelling of North Sea wind resources with COSMO-CLM: model evaluation and impact assessment of future wind farm characteristics on cluster-scale wake losses R. Borgers et al. 10.5194/wes-9-697-2024
- Wakes in and between very large offshore arrays S. Pryor et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022037
- Modelling wind farm effects in HARMONIE–AROME (cycle 43.2.2) – Part 1: Implementation and evaluation J. Fischereit et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2855-2024
- Comparing and validating intra-farm and farm-to-farm wakes across different mesoscale and high-resolution wake models J. Fischereit et al. 10.5194/wes-7-1069-2022
- Impact of wind farm wakes on flow structures in and around downstream wind farms A. Stieren & R. Stevens 10.1017/flo.2022.15
- Overview of preparation for the American WAKE ExperimeNt (AWAKEN) P. Moriarty et al. 10.1063/5.0141683
- Comparison of individual versus ensemble wind farm parameterizations inclusive of sub‐grid wakes for the WRF model Y. Ma et al. 10.1002/we.2758
- A One‐Year‐Long Evaluation of a Wind‐Farm Parameterization in HARMONIE‐AROME B. van Stratum et al. 10.1029/2021MS002947
- Wind shadows impact planning of large offshore wind farms S. Pryor & R. Barthelmie 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122755
- Simulated wind farm wake sensitivity to configuration choices in the Weather Research and Forecasting model version 3.8.1 J. Tomaszewski & J. Lundquist 10.5194/gmd-13-2645-2020
- Spatial constraints in large-scale expansion of wind power plants E. Antonini & K. Caldeira 10.1073/pnas.2103875118
- Turbulence above offshore wind farms measured by aircraft A. Haseeb Syed et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/2265/2/022065
- The sensitivity of the Fitch wind farm parameterization to a three-dimensional planetary boundary layer scheme A. Rybchuk et al. 10.5194/wes-7-2085-2022
- A Linear Theory of Wind Farm Efficiency and Interaction R. Smith 10.1175/JAS-D-22-0009.1
- Scientific challenges to characterizing the wind resource in the marine atmospheric boundary layer W. Shaw et al. 10.5194/wes-7-2307-2022
- Review of Mesoscale Wind-Farm Parametrizations and Their Applications J. Fischereit et al. 10.1007/s10546-021-00652-y
- Impacts of offshore wind farms on the atmospheric environment over Taiwan Strait during an extreme weather typhoon event T. Lee et al. 10.1038/s41598-022-04807-w
- Impact of ocean waves on offshore wind farm power production S. Porchetta et al. 10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.111
- An induction-aware parameterization for wind farms in the WRF mesoscale model M. Mayol et al. 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062006
- Mesoscale impact of the sea surface on the performance of offshore wind farms C. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133741
- “Wind Theft” from Onshore Wind Turbine Arrays: Sensitivity to Wind Farm Parameterization and Resolution S. Pryor et al. 10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0235.1
- Surface impacts of large offshore wind farms M. Golbazi et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac6e49
- Computation and Analysis of an Offshore Wind Power Forecast: Towards a Better Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Plant Aerodynamics Y. Zhao et al. 10.3390/en15124223
- Impacts of accelerating deployment of offshore windfarms on near-surface climate N. Akhtar et al. 10.1038/s41598-022-22868-9
- Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials N. Akhtar et al. 10.1038/s41598-021-91283-3
- Wind Farms’ Location and Geographical Proximity as a Key Factor in Sustainable City Development: Evidence from Poland P. Zarębski et al. 10.3390/en17143447
- Observations and simulations of a wind farm modifying a thunderstorm outflow boundary J. Tomaszewski & J. Lundquist 10.5194/wes-6-1-2021
- A coupled turbine-interaction wind farm parameterization in the Weather Research and Forecasting model C. Wu et al. 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116919
- Power Production, Inter- and Intra-Array Wake Losses from the U.S. East Coast Offshore Wind Energy Lease Areas S. Pryor & R. Barthelmie 10.3390/en17051063
- Recovery processes in a large offshore wind farm T. Gupta & S. Baidya Roy 10.5194/wes-6-1089-2021
- Simulating the Impacts of Wind Farm Wake under the Changes in MYNN Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme in High Resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model T. Kaytancı et al. 10.3390/atmos13111838
Latest update: 23 Nov 2024
Short summary
Wind farms affect local weather and microclimates. These effects can be simulated in weather models, usually by removing momentum at the location of the wind farm. Some debate exists whether additional turbulence should be added to capture the enhanced mixing of wind farms. By comparing simulations to measurements from airborne campaigns near offshore wind farms, we show that additional turbulence is necessary. Without added turbulence, the mixing is underestimated during stable conditions.
Wind farms affect local weather and microclimates. These effects can be simulated in weather...
