A moist idealized test case of intermediate complexity for atmospheric general circulation models is presented. The test case is based on the Held-Suarez dry test case and includes a simplified moist physics parameterization. The results are compared to aquaplanet simulations both with and without deep convection parameterizations. The results demonstrate how the moist idealized test can be used to intercompare dynamical cores and diagnose issues from the physics-dynamics coupling mechanism.

ERSEM 15.06 is a model for marine biogeochemistry and the lower trophic levels of the marine food web. It comprises a pelagic and benthic sub-model including the microbial food web and the major biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicate, and iron using dynamic stochiometry. Further features include modules for the carbonate system and calcification. We present full mathematical descriptions of all elements along with examples at various scales up to 3-D applications.

This paper describes the development of a modular data assimilation (DA) system for the integrated Earth system model TerrSysMP with the help of the PDAF data assimilation library. Currently, pressure and soil moisture data can be used to update model states and parameters in the subsurface compartment of TerrSysMP. Results from an idealized twin experiment show that the developed DA system provides a good parallel performance and is also applicable for high-resolution modelling problems.

Oligomerization is one of the most important identified processes of secondary organic aerosol evolution. We have simulated the formation of oligomers from biogenic precursors, using two different parameterizations implemented in the air quality model CHIMERE. This study shows that oligomer concentration fields are quite sensitive to the way the competition between local formation, evaporation and transport is restituted. The benefits and disadvantages of each approach are discussed in details.

This article discusses the problem of identifying extreme climate events such as intense storms within large climate data sets. The basic storm detection algorithm is reviewed, which splits the problem into two parts: a spatial search followed by a temporal correlation problem. A new algorithm, "Stride Search," is introduced which is capable of searching for storms at all latitudes including the poles and has better performance than the commonly used grid point search.

Currently, extensive geochemical databases of surface observations exist, but satisfying explanations of underlying mantle processes are lacking. We have implemented a new way to track both bulk compositions and concentrations of trace elements in a mantle convection code. In our model, chemical fractionation happens at evolving melting zones. We compare our results to a semi-analytical theory relating observed arrays of correlated Pb isotope compositions to melting age distributions.

Radiative heating or cooling plays a vital role in the evolution and lifecycle of clouds. Due to the immense computational cost of 3-D radiative transfer, today's atmospheric models usually employ crude 1-D approximations which neglect any horizontal energy transport whatsoever and may introduce non-negligible errors. This paper documents the implementation and runtime characteristics of the new TenStream solver that enables us to study 3-D effects on large domains and extended periods of time.

This paper presents the first IPCC-class Earth system model developed at Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM-ESM1). We detail how the various carbon reservoirs were initialized and analyze the behavior of the carbon cycle and its prominent physical drivers, comparing model results to the most up-to-date climate and carbon cycle dataset over the latest decades.

To better understand what controls the flux of organic and inorganic material down the water column we developed a numerical model that simulates coagulation, settling and bio-chemical transformation of particles in the ocean. To simulate the many types of material the particles constitute, we took a Lagrangian approach. Our results suggest the flux is most sensitive to environmental change in polar regions. We found that zooplankton are the biggest unknown when predicting the flux.

We briefly survey numerical methods for computing eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the Laplace tidal equation. In particular we compare two methods that have numerical or conceptual advantages over the most commonly used methods. MATLAB codes are provided to facilitate their use. Researchers interested in atmospheric tidal analysis or in numerical methods for accurately computing eigenvalues of differential operators may find the paper helpful.

An 11-year, 1-degree aerosol reanalysis is presented for use in studies of aerosol effects on climate and atmospheric processes. The reanalysis uses the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System, constrained by aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data from NASA sensors. Fine and coarse mode AOT at 550 nm agrees well with ground-based measurements, and reproduces the decadal AOT trends found using standalone satellite products. This dataset is a resource for basic and applied science research.

An operational ocean forecasting system was developed to monitor the state of the Indonesian seas in terms of circulation, biogeochemistry and fisheries (INDESO project). Here we describe the skill assessment of the physical-biogeochemical coupled model configuration. Model results reproduce the main characteristics of biogeochemical tracer distributions in space and time: phasing of chlorophyll bloom, nutrient and oxygen distributions, water mass transformation across the archipelago.

We present the ecological module of the BiOeconomic mArine Trophic Size-spectrum (BOATS) model, which takes an Earth-system approach to modeling upper trophic level biomass at the global scale. BOATS employs fundamental ecological principles and takes a simple approach that relies on fewer parameters compared to similar modelling efforts. As such, it enables the exploration of the linkages between ocean biogeochemistry, climate, upper trophic levels, and fisheries at the global scale.

SiSeRHMap is a computer methodology for the mapped simulation of site seismic response (SSR) by means of a hybrid model. It combines physically based methods and adaptive and predictive numerical models that are solved in a layering GIS-geometric model. SiSeRHMap develops sets of different multispectral maps of site seismic response and other relating them, taking into account topography effects. Easy to use, SiSeRHMap seems to assure accuracy and robustness in the prediction performances.

VISIR is a new numerical model for the computation of optimal ship routes from meteo-marine forecasts. VISIR offers the scientific community an open platform whereby various ideas and methods for ship route optimization can be shared, tested, and compared to each other.

A new inverse modeling and simulation system is developed to enable efficient and reliable transport simulations of volcanic SO₂ at large scale. The complex time- and altitude-dependent volcanic emission pattern of the Nabro eruption is identified by our inversion algorithm. The simulation results show good agreements with different satellite observations in terms of SO₂ horizontal distributions, and help to further reveal the complex transport processes such as the Asian monsoon circulation.