Articles | Volume 9, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4049-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4049-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA v1.0): an idealized forcing generator for climate simulations
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Bjorn Stevens
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Hauke Schmidt
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Claudia Timmreck
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Viewed
Total article views: 6,708 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 19 May 2016)
HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4,313 | 2,176 | 219 | 6,708 | 484 | 219 | 211 |
- HTML: 4,313
- PDF: 2,176
- XML: 219
- Total: 6,708
- Supplement: 484
- BibTeX: 219
- EndNote: 211
Total article views: 5,616 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 11 Nov 2016)
HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,694 | 1,713 | 209 | 5,616 | 353 | 211 | 203 |
- HTML: 3,694
- PDF: 1,713
- XML: 209
- Total: 5,616
- Supplement: 353
- BibTeX: 211
- EndNote: 203
Total article views: 1,092 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 19 May 2016)
HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
619 | 463 | 10 | 1,092 | 131 | 8 | 8 |
- HTML: 619
- PDF: 463
- XML: 10
- Total: 1,092
- Supplement: 131
- BibTeX: 8
- EndNote: 8
Cited
70 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Reckoning with the Rocky Relationship Between Eruption Size and Climate Response: Toward a Volcano-Climate Index A. Schmidt & B. Black 10.1146/annurev-earth-080921-052816
- On the additivity of climate responses to the volcanic and solar forcing in the early 19th century S. Fang et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1535-2022
- Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era 10.5194/cp-13-1851-2017
- The Arctic Polar Vortex Response to Volcanic Forcing of Different Strengths A. Azoulay et al. 10.1029/2020JD034450
- ACCESS datasets for CMIP6: methodology and idealised experiments C. Mackallah et al. 10.1071/ES21031
- Validating a microphysical prognostic stratospheric aerosol implementation in E3SMv2 using observations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption H. Brown et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5087-2024
- A New Multi‐Method Assessment of Stratospheric Sulfur Load From the Okmok II Caldera‐Forming Eruption of 43 BCE A. Peccia et al. 10.1029/2023GL103334
- Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from SCIAMACHY limb observations: two-parameter retrieval C. Pohl et al. 10.5194/amt-17-4153-2024
- HSW-V v1.0: localized injections of interactive volcanic aerosols and their climate impacts in a simple general circulation model J. Hollowed et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5913-2024
- A Review of El Niño Southern Oscillation Linkage to Strong Volcanic Eruptions and Post-Volcanic Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. 10.1007/s41748-022-00331-z
- Evidence for the predictability of changes in the stratospheric aerosol size following volcanic eruptions of diverse magnitudes using space-based instruments L. Thomason et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1143-2021
- Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A PACE Mission Perspective J. Chowdhary et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00100
- The effect of uncertainties in natural forcing records on simulated temperature during the last millennium L. Lücke et al. 10.5194/cp-19-959-2023
- The Role of Small to Moderate Volcanic Eruptions in the Early 19th Century Climate S. Fang et al. 10.1029/2023GL105307
- FAIR v1.3: a simple emissions-based impulse response and carbon cycle model C. Smith et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2273-2018
- Recent advances and future avenues in examining the impacts of volcanic aerosols on climate T. Zhou et al. 10.1360/TB-2023-0140
- A new archive of large volcanic events over the past millennium derived from reconstructed summer temperatures L. Schneider et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7a1b
- Disentangling the causes of the 1816 European year without a summer A. Schurer et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ab3a10
- Large Variations in Volcanic Aerosol Forcing Efficiency Due to Eruption Source Parameters and Rapid Adjustments L. Marshall et al. 10.1029/2020GL090241
- Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE M. Toohey & M. Sigl 10.5194/essd-9-809-2017
- The 2019 Raikoke eruption as a testbed used by the Volcano Response group for rapid assessment of volcanic atmospheric impacts J. Vernier et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5765-2024
- Volcanic stratospheric injections up to 160 Tg(S) yield a Eurasian winter warming indistinguishable from internal variability K. DallaSanta & L. Polvani 10.5194/acp-22-8843-2022
- Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble M. Clyne et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3317-2021
- Was there a volcanic-induced long-lasting cooling over the Northern Hemisphere in the mid-6th–7th century? E. van Dijk et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1601-2022
- Sea-ice variations and trends during the Common Era in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean A. Dauner et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1399-2024
- Clarifying the Relative Role of Forcing Uncertainties and Initial‐Condition Unknowns in Spreading the Climate Response to Volcanic Eruptions D. Zanchettin et al. 10.1029/2018GL081018
- The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 <i>past1000</i> simulations J. Jungclaus et al. 10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
- Impact of a strong volcanic eruption on the summer middle atmosphere in UA-ICON simulations S. Wallis et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023
- Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism S. Guillet et al. 10.1038/s41586-023-05751-z
- Changes in Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone frequency following volcanic eruptions L. Andreasen et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad2c0e
- Sensitivity of regional monsoons to idealised equatorial volcanic eruption of different sulfur emission strengths R. D’Agostino & C. Timmreck 10.1088/1748-9326/ac62af
- High-frequency climate forcing causes prolonged cold periods in the Holocene E. van Dijk et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01380-0
- The Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP): motivation and experimental design C. Timmreck et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2581-2018
- Holocene vegetation transitions and their climatic drivers in MPI-ESM1.2 A. Dallmeyer et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2481-2021
- The 852/3 CE Mount Churchill eruption: examining the potential climatic and societal impacts and the timing of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in the North Atlantic region H. Mackay et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1475-2022
- The shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions to 2500 M. Meinshausen et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-3571-2020
- Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era 10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0
- Perspectives of regional paleoclimate modeling P. Ludwig et al. 10.1111/nyas.13865
- Unknown Eruption Source Parameters Cause Large Uncertainty in Historical Volcanic Radiative Forcing Reconstructions L. Marshall et al. 10.1029/2020JD033578
- Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth during the Holocene (past 11 500 years) from a bipolar ice-core array M. Sigl et al. 10.5194/essd-14-3167-2022
- Do Southern Hemisphere tree rings record past volcanic events? A case study from New Zealand P. Higgins et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1169-2022
- Initial atmospheric conditions control transport of volcanic volatiles, forcing and impacts Z. Zhuo et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6233-2024
- Asymmetric Cooling of the Atlantic and Pacific Arctic During the Past Two Millennia: A Dual Observation‐Modeling Study Y. Zhong et al. 10.1029/2018GL079447
- The Sensitivity of Moisture Flux Partitioning in the Cold‐Point Tropopause to External Forcing C. Kroll et al. 10.1029/2022GL102262
- ModE-Sim – a medium-sized atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) ensemble to study climate variability during the modern era (1420 to 2009) R. Hand et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-4853-2023
- Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments Z. Zhuo et al. 10.5194/acp-21-13425-2021
- Climate Impacts From Large Volcanic Eruptions in a High‐Resolution Climate Model: The Importance of Forcing Structure W. Yang et al. 10.1029/2019GL082367
- Volcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions H. Fuglestvedt et al. 10.1038/s41612-023-00539-4
- Fast and slow shifts of the zonal‐mean intertropical convergence zone in response to an idealized anthropogenic aerosol A. Voigt et al. 10.1002/2016MS000902
- Forecasting the climate response to volcanic eruptions: prediction skill related to stratospheric aerosol forcing M. Ménégoz et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aac4db
- No Consistent Simulated Trends in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation for the Past 6,000 Years Z. Jiang et al. 10.1029/2023GL103078
- Roman Warm Period and Late Antique Little Ice Age in an Earth System Model Large Ensemble F. Shi et al. 10.1029/2021JD035832
- Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions U. Niemeier et al. 10.5194/acp-19-10379-2019
- The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case C. Timmreck et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021
- Volcanic climate forcing preceding the inception of the Younger Dryas: Implications for tracing the Laacher See eruption P. Abbott et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107260
- Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool? M. Günther et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7203-2024
- Statistical characteristics of extreme daily precipitation during 1501 BCE–1849 CE in the Community Earth System Model W. Kim et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2031-2021
- Sahel Droughts Induced by Large Volcanic Eruptions Over the Last Millennium in PMIP4/Past1000 Simulations J. Villamayor et al. 10.1029/2022GL101478
- Efficient Reconstructions of Common Era Climate via Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations L. Barboza et al. 10.1007/s13253-019-00372-4
- The impact of volcanic eruptions of different magnitude on stratospheric water vapor in the tropics C. Kroll et al. 10.5194/acp-21-6565-2021
- Climatic fluctuations modeled for carbon and sulfur emissions from end-Triassic volcanism J. Landwehrs et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116174
- The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer C. Kroll et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0
- Fingerprints of past volcanic eruptions can be detected in historical climate records using machine learning J. Meuer et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01617-y
- Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022 Y. Bao et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102258
- Multi-model comparison of the volcanic sulfate deposition from the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora L. Marshall et al. 10.5194/acp-18-2307-2018
- Impact of volcanic eruptions on CMIP6 decadal predictions: a multi-model analysis R. Bilbao et al. 10.5194/esd-15-501-2024
- The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP): experimental design and forcing input data for CMIP6 D. Zanchettin et al. 10.5194/gmd-9-2701-2016
- Impacts of Climate Change on Volcanic Stratospheric Injections: Comparison of 1‐D and 3‐D Plume Model Projections T. Aubry et al. 10.1029/2019GL083975
- A New Volcanic Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Forcing Emulator (EVA_H): Comparison With Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Models T. Aubry et al. 10.1029/2019JD031303
- Impact of global warming on the rise of volcanic plumes and implications for future volcanic aerosol forcing T. Aubry et al. 10.1002/2016JD025405
66 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Reckoning with the Rocky Relationship Between Eruption Size and Climate Response: Toward a Volcano-Climate Index A. Schmidt & B. Black 10.1146/annurev-earth-080921-052816
- On the additivity of climate responses to the volcanic and solar forcing in the early 19th century S. Fang et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1535-2022
- Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era 10.5194/cp-13-1851-2017
- The Arctic Polar Vortex Response to Volcanic Forcing of Different Strengths A. Azoulay et al. 10.1029/2020JD034450
- ACCESS datasets for CMIP6: methodology and idealised experiments C. Mackallah et al. 10.1071/ES21031
- Validating a microphysical prognostic stratospheric aerosol implementation in E3SMv2 using observations after the Mount Pinatubo eruption H. Brown et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5087-2024
- A New Multi‐Method Assessment of Stratospheric Sulfur Load From the Okmok II Caldera‐Forming Eruption of 43 BCE A. Peccia et al. 10.1029/2023GL103334
- Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from SCIAMACHY limb observations: two-parameter retrieval C. Pohl et al. 10.5194/amt-17-4153-2024
- HSW-V v1.0: localized injections of interactive volcanic aerosols and their climate impacts in a simple general circulation model J. Hollowed et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5913-2024
- A Review of El Niño Southern Oscillation Linkage to Strong Volcanic Eruptions and Post-Volcanic Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. 10.1007/s41748-022-00331-z
- Evidence for the predictability of changes in the stratospheric aerosol size following volcanic eruptions of diverse magnitudes using space-based instruments L. Thomason et al. 10.5194/acp-21-1143-2021
- Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Radiative Transfer: A PACE Mission Perspective J. Chowdhary et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00100
- The effect of uncertainties in natural forcing records on simulated temperature during the last millennium L. Lücke et al. 10.5194/cp-19-959-2023
- The Role of Small to Moderate Volcanic Eruptions in the Early 19th Century Climate S. Fang et al. 10.1029/2023GL105307
- FAIR v1.3: a simple emissions-based impulse response and carbon cycle model C. Smith et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2273-2018
- Recent advances and future avenues in examining the impacts of volcanic aerosols on climate T. Zhou et al. 10.1360/TB-2023-0140
- A new archive of large volcanic events over the past millennium derived from reconstructed summer temperatures L. Schneider et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7a1b
- Disentangling the causes of the 1816 European year without a summer A. Schurer et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ab3a10
- Large Variations in Volcanic Aerosol Forcing Efficiency Due to Eruption Source Parameters and Rapid Adjustments L. Marshall et al. 10.1029/2020GL090241
- Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE M. Toohey & M. Sigl 10.5194/essd-9-809-2017
- The 2019 Raikoke eruption as a testbed used by the Volcano Response group for rapid assessment of volcanic atmospheric impacts J. Vernier et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5765-2024
- Volcanic stratospheric injections up to 160 Tg(S) yield a Eurasian winter warming indistinguishable from internal variability K. DallaSanta & L. Polvani 10.5194/acp-22-8843-2022
- Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble M. Clyne et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3317-2021
- Was there a volcanic-induced long-lasting cooling over the Northern Hemisphere in the mid-6th–7th century? E. van Dijk et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1601-2022
- Sea-ice variations and trends during the Common Era in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean A. Dauner et al. 10.5194/tc-18-1399-2024
- Clarifying the Relative Role of Forcing Uncertainties and Initial‐Condition Unknowns in Spreading the Climate Response to Volcanic Eruptions D. Zanchettin et al. 10.1029/2018GL081018
- The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 <i>past1000</i> simulations J. Jungclaus et al. 10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
- Impact of a strong volcanic eruption on the summer middle atmosphere in UA-ICON simulations S. Wallis et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023
- Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism S. Guillet et al. 10.1038/s41586-023-05751-z
- Changes in Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical cyclone frequency following volcanic eruptions L. Andreasen et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad2c0e
- Sensitivity of regional monsoons to idealised equatorial volcanic eruption of different sulfur emission strengths R. D’Agostino & C. Timmreck 10.1088/1748-9326/ac62af
- High-frequency climate forcing causes prolonged cold periods in the Holocene E. van Dijk et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01380-0
- The Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP): motivation and experimental design C. Timmreck et al. 10.5194/gmd-11-2581-2018
- Holocene vegetation transitions and their climatic drivers in MPI-ESM1.2 A. Dallmeyer et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2481-2021
- The 852/3 CE Mount Churchill eruption: examining the potential climatic and societal impacts and the timing of the Medieval Climate Anomaly in the North Atlantic region H. Mackay et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1475-2022
- The shared socio-economic pathway (SSP) greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions to 2500 M. Meinshausen et al. 10.5194/gmd-13-3571-2020
- Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era 10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0
- Perspectives of regional paleoclimate modeling P. Ludwig et al. 10.1111/nyas.13865
- Unknown Eruption Source Parameters Cause Large Uncertainty in Historical Volcanic Radiative Forcing Reconstructions L. Marshall et al. 10.1029/2020JD033578
- Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth during the Holocene (past 11 500 years) from a bipolar ice-core array M. Sigl et al. 10.5194/essd-14-3167-2022
- Do Southern Hemisphere tree rings record past volcanic events? A case study from New Zealand P. Higgins et al. 10.5194/cp-18-1169-2022
- Initial atmospheric conditions control transport of volcanic volatiles, forcing and impacts Z. Zhuo et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6233-2024
- Asymmetric Cooling of the Atlantic and Pacific Arctic During the Past Two Millennia: A Dual Observation‐Modeling Study Y. Zhong et al. 10.1029/2018GL079447
- The Sensitivity of Moisture Flux Partitioning in the Cold‐Point Tropopause to External Forcing C. Kroll et al. 10.1029/2022GL102262
- ModE-Sim – a medium-sized atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) ensemble to study climate variability during the modern era (1420 to 2009) R. Hand et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-4853-2023
- Climate impact of volcanic eruptions: the sensitivity to eruption season and latitude in MPI-ESM ensemble experiments Z. Zhuo et al. 10.5194/acp-21-13425-2021
- Climate Impacts From Large Volcanic Eruptions in a High‐Resolution Climate Model: The Importance of Forcing Structure W. Yang et al. 10.1029/2019GL082367
- Volcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions H. Fuglestvedt et al. 10.1038/s41612-023-00539-4
- Fast and slow shifts of the zonal‐mean intertropical convergence zone in response to an idealized anthropogenic aerosol A. Voigt et al. 10.1002/2016MS000902
- Forecasting the climate response to volcanic eruptions: prediction skill related to stratospheric aerosol forcing M. Ménégoz et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/aac4db
- No Consistent Simulated Trends in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation for the Past 6,000 Years Z. Jiang et al. 10.1029/2023GL103078
- Roman Warm Period and Late Antique Little Ice Age in an Earth System Model Large Ensemble F. Shi et al. 10.1029/2021JD035832
- Revisiting the Agung 1963 volcanic forcing – impact of one or two eruptions U. Niemeier et al. 10.5194/acp-19-10379-2019
- The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case C. Timmreck et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021
- Volcanic climate forcing preceding the inception of the Younger Dryas: Implications for tracing the Laacher See eruption P. Abbott et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107260
- Why does stratospheric aerosol forcing strongly cool the warm pool? M. Günther et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7203-2024
- Statistical characteristics of extreme daily precipitation during 1501 BCE–1849 CE in the Community Earth System Model W. Kim et al. 10.5194/cp-17-2031-2021
- Sahel Droughts Induced by Large Volcanic Eruptions Over the Last Millennium in PMIP4/Past1000 Simulations J. Villamayor et al. 10.1029/2022GL101478
- Efficient Reconstructions of Common Era Climate via Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations L. Barboza et al. 10.1007/s13253-019-00372-4
- The impact of volcanic eruptions of different magnitude on stratospheric water vapor in the tropics C. Kroll et al. 10.5194/acp-21-6565-2021
- Climatic fluctuations modeled for carbon and sulfur emissions from end-Triassic volcanism J. Landwehrs et al. 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116174
- The impact of stratospheric aerosol heating on the frozen hydrometeor transport pathways in the tropical tropopause layer C. Kroll et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad33d0
- Fingerprints of past volcanic eruptions can be detected in historical climate records using machine learning J. Meuer et al. 10.1038/s43247-024-01617-y
- Tonga volcanic eruption triggered anomalous Arctic warming in early 2022 Y. Bao et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2023.102258
- Multi-model comparison of the volcanic sulfate deposition from the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora L. Marshall et al. 10.5194/acp-18-2307-2018
- Impact of volcanic eruptions on CMIP6 decadal predictions: a multi-model analysis R. Bilbao et al. 10.5194/esd-15-501-2024
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP): experimental design and forcing input data for CMIP6 D. Zanchettin et al. 10.5194/gmd-9-2701-2016
- Impacts of Climate Change on Volcanic Stratospheric Injections: Comparison of 1‐D and 3‐D Plume Model Projections T. Aubry et al. 10.1029/2019GL083975
- A New Volcanic Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Forcing Emulator (EVA_H): Comparison With Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Models T. Aubry et al. 10.1029/2019JD031303
- Impact of global warming on the rise of volcanic plumes and implications for future volcanic aerosol forcing T. Aubry et al. 10.1002/2016JD025405
Saved (preprint)
Latest update: 20 Nov 2024
Short summary
Stratospheric sulfate aerosols from volcanic eruptions have a significant impact on the Earth's climate. The Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA) volcanic forcing generator provides a tool whereby the optical properties of volcanic aerosols can be included in climate model simulations in a self-consistent, complete, and flexible manner. EVA is based on satellite observations of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption but can be applied to any real or hypothetical eruption of interest.
Stratospheric sulfate aerosols from volcanic eruptions have a significant impact on the Earth's...