Articles | Volume 9, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2721-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2721-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
19 Aug 2016
Development and technical paper |
| 19 Aug 2016
RTTOV-gb – adapting the fast radiative transfer model RTTOV for the assimilation of ground-based microwave radiometer observations
Francesco De Angelis
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CETEMPS, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
Domenico Cimini
IMAA-CNR, Potenza, Italy
CETEMPS, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
James Hocking
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Pauline Martinet
Météo France – CNRM/GAME, Toulouse, France
Stefan Kneifel
Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne,
Cologne, Germany
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Cited
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Retrieving atmospheric thermodynamic and hydrometeor profiles using a thermodynamic-constrained Kalman filter 1D-Var framework based on ground-based microwave radiometer Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-505-2026
- Improving the representation of the atmospheric boundary layer by direct assimilation of ground‐based microwave radiometer observations J. Vural et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4634
- Assimilation of Raman lidar profiles in an operational, convective‐scale numerical weather prediction model B. Crezee et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5023
- Enhanced Boundary Layer Thermodynamics Profiles Retrieval From Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers With Surface and Pseudo-Tower Constraints D. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3647672
- RTTOV-gb v1.0 – updates on sensors, absorption models, uncertainty, and availability D. Cimini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1833-2019
- An enhanced retrieval of the wet tropospheric correction for Sentinel-3 using dynamic inputs from ERA5 T. Vieira et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-022-01622-z
- EUMETNET opens to microwave radiometers for operational thermodynamical profiling in Europe R. Rüfenacht et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42865-021-00033-w
- Instrument uncertainties of network-suitable ground-based microwave radiometers: overview, quantification, and mitigation strategies T. Böck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6251-2025
- Towards the use of conservative thermodynamic variables in data assimilation: a case study using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements P. Marquet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2021-2022
- Direct assimilation of ground-based microwave radiometer observations with machine learning bias correction based on developments of RTTOV-gb v1.0 and WRFDA v4.5 Q. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-731-2026
- Uncertainty of atmospheric microwave absorption model: impact on ground-based radiometer simulations and retrievals D. Cimini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15231-2018
- Combining ground-based microwave radiometer and the AROME convective scale model through 1DVAR retrievals in complex terrain: an Alpine valley case study P. Martinet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3385-2017
- Using reference radiosondes to characterise NWP model uncertainty for improved satellite calibration and validation F. Carminati et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-83-2019
- Synergy of Satellite- and Ground-Based Observations for Continuous Monitoring of Atmospheric Stability, Liquid Water Path, and Integrated Water Vapor: Theoretical Evaluations Using Reanalysis and Neural Networks M. Toporov & U. Löhnert https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0169.1
- How Can Existing Ground-Based Profiling Instruments Improve European Weather Forecasts? A. Illingworth et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0231.1
- An optimal estimation algorithm for the retrieval of fog and low cloud thermodynamic and micro-physical properties A. Bell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5415-2022
- Evaluation of Ground-Based Upward-Looking Microwave Radiometer Brightness Temperature Observations and Assessment of Machine Learning-Based Methods for Retrieving Atmospheric Profiles and Their Application for Studying the Evolution of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer M. Mishra & P. Thapliyal https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-025-02164-5
- Improvement of numerical weather prediction model analysis during fog conditions through the assimilation of ground-based microwave radiometer observations: a 1D-Var study P. Martinet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6593-2020
- Direct Assimilation of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Clear-Sky Radiance Data and Its Impact on the Forecast of Heavy Rainfall Y. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174314
- PAMTRA 1.0: the Passive and Active Microwave radiative TRAnsfer tool for simulating radiometer and radar measurements of the cloudy atmosphere M. Mech et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4229-2020
- Wind Profile Retrieval Based on LSTM Algorithm and Mobile Observation of Brightness Temperature over the Tibetan Plateau B. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061068
- Measurement uncertainties of scanning microwave radiometers and their influence on temperature profiling T. Böck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-219-2024
- PyRTlib: an educational Python-based library for non-scattering atmospheric microwave radiative transfer computations S. Larosa et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2053-2024
- Development of a fast radiative transfer model for ground-based microwave radiometers (ARMS-gb v1.0): validation and comparison to RTTOV-gb Y. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1947-2025
- Long-term observations minus background monitoring of ground-based brightness temperatures from a microwave radiometer network F. De Angelis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3947-2017
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Application of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers to Optimize the Estimation Method of Cloud Liquid Water on the Tibetan Plateau Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-025-4416-7
- Retrieving atmospheric thermodynamic and hydrometeor profiles using a thermodynamic-constrained Kalman filter 1D-Var framework based on ground-based microwave radiometer Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-505-2026
- Improving the representation of the atmospheric boundary layer by direct assimilation of ground‐based microwave radiometer observations J. Vural et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4634
- Assimilation of Raman lidar profiles in an operational, convective‐scale numerical weather prediction model B. Crezee et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5023
- Enhanced Boundary Layer Thermodynamics Profiles Retrieval From Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers With Surface and Pseudo-Tower Constraints D. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3647672
- RTTOV-gb v1.0 – updates on sensors, absorption models, uncertainty, and availability D. Cimini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-1833-2019
- An enhanced retrieval of the wet tropospheric correction for Sentinel-3 using dynamic inputs from ERA5 T. Vieira et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-022-01622-z
- EUMETNET opens to microwave radiometers for operational thermodynamical profiling in Europe R. Rüfenacht et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42865-021-00033-w
- Instrument uncertainties of network-suitable ground-based microwave radiometers: overview, quantification, and mitigation strategies T. Böck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6251-2025
- Towards the use of conservative thermodynamic variables in data assimilation: a case study using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements P. Marquet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2021-2022
- Direct assimilation of ground-based microwave radiometer observations with machine learning bias correction based on developments of RTTOV-gb v1.0 and WRFDA v4.5 Q. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-731-2026
- Uncertainty of atmospheric microwave absorption model: impact on ground-based radiometer simulations and retrievals D. Cimini et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15231-2018
- Combining ground-based microwave radiometer and the AROME convective scale model through 1DVAR retrievals in complex terrain: an Alpine valley case study P. Martinet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3385-2017
- Using reference radiosondes to characterise NWP model uncertainty for improved satellite calibration and validation F. Carminati et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-83-2019
- Synergy of Satellite- and Ground-Based Observations for Continuous Monitoring of Atmospheric Stability, Liquid Water Path, and Integrated Water Vapor: Theoretical Evaluations Using Reanalysis and Neural Networks M. Toporov & U. Löhnert https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0169.1
- How Can Existing Ground-Based Profiling Instruments Improve European Weather Forecasts? A. Illingworth et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0231.1
- An optimal estimation algorithm for the retrieval of fog and low cloud thermodynamic and micro-physical properties A. Bell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5415-2022
- Evaluation of Ground-Based Upward-Looking Microwave Radiometer Brightness Temperature Observations and Assessment of Machine Learning-Based Methods for Retrieving Atmospheric Profiles and Their Application for Studying the Evolution of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer M. Mishra & P. Thapliyal https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-025-02164-5
- Improvement of numerical weather prediction model analysis during fog conditions through the assimilation of ground-based microwave radiometer observations: a 1D-Var study P. Martinet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6593-2020
- Direct Assimilation of Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Clear-Sky Radiance Data and Its Impact on the Forecast of Heavy Rainfall Y. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15174314
- PAMTRA 1.0: the Passive and Active Microwave radiative TRAnsfer tool for simulating radiometer and radar measurements of the cloudy atmosphere M. Mech et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-4229-2020
- Wind Profile Retrieval Based on LSTM Algorithm and Mobile Observation of Brightness Temperature over the Tibetan Plateau B. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061068
- Measurement uncertainties of scanning microwave radiometers and their influence on temperature profiling T. Böck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-219-2024
- PyRTlib: an educational Python-based library for non-scattering atmospheric microwave radiative transfer computations S. Larosa et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2053-2024
- Development of a fast radiative transfer model for ground-based microwave radiometers (ARMS-gb v1.0): validation and comparison to RTTOV-gb Y. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-1947-2025
- Long-term observations minus background monitoring of ground-based brightness temperatures from a microwave radiometer network F. De Angelis et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3947-2017
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 12 Jun 2026
Short summary
Ground-based microwave radiometers (MWRs) offer to bridge the observational gap in the atmospheric boundary layer. Currently MWRs are operational at many sites worldwide. However, their potential is largely under-exploited, partly due to the lack of a fast radiative transfer model (RTM) suited for data assimilation into numerical weather prediction models. Here we propose and test an RTM, building on satellite heritage and adapting for ground-based MWRs, which addresses this shortage.
Ground-based microwave radiometers (MWRs) offer to bridge the observational gap in the...
