Articles | Volume 8, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3639-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-3639-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
06 Nov 2015
Model description paper |
| 06 Nov 2015
S4CAST v2.0: sea surface temperature based statistical seasonal forecast model
R. Suárez-Moreno
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Departamento de Geofísica y Meteorología, Facultad de Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Geociencias (IGEO), Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid – CSIC, C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
B. Rodríguez-Fonseca
Departamento de Geofísica y Meteorología, Facultad de Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de las Ciencias 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Instituto de Geociencias (IGEO), Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid – CSIC, C/José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Viewed
Total article views: 4,208 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 26 May 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,602 | 1,357 | 249 | 4,208 | 313 | 287 | 338 |
- HTML: 2,602
- PDF: 1,357
- XML: 249
- Total: 4,208
- Supplement: 313
- BibTeX: 287
- EndNote: 338
Total article views: 3,750 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 06 Nov 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,393 | 1,116 | 241 | 3,750 | 313 | 279 | 333 |
- HTML: 2,393
- PDF: 1,116
- XML: 241
- Total: 3,750
- Supplement: 313
- BibTeX: 279
- EndNote: 333
Total article views: 458 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 26 May 2015)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 209 | 241 | 8 | 458 | 8 | 5 |
- HTML: 209
- PDF: 241
- XML: 8
- Total: 458
- BibTeX: 8
- EndNote: 5
Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal B. Rodríguez-Fonseca et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070087
- Physics-Constrained Adapter Tuning of Meteorological Foundation Models for Global SST Forecasting T. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3676064
- Skillful prediction of tropical Pacific fisheries provided by Atlantic Niños I. Gómara et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abfa4d
- An atlas of climatic predictors for the Sahelian upwelling marine ecosystem region I. Gómara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103762
- The role of sea surface temperature in the atmospheric seasonal cycle of the equatorial Atlantic L. Crespo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4489-4
- Modelos estadísticos para la interacción océano-atmósfera R. Sandoval-Núñez et al. https://doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.30.05
- Does objective cluster analysis serve as a useful precursor to seasonal precipitation prediction at local scale? Application to western Ethiopia Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-143-2018
- ENSO Forecasts near the Spring Predictability Barrier and Possible Reasons for the Recently Reduced Predictability A. Wang-Chun Lai et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0180.1
- Interdecadal Changes in the Leading Ocean Forcing of Sahelian Rainfall Interannual Variability: Atmospheric Dynamics and Role of Multidecadal SST Background R. Suárez-Moreno et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0367.1
- A statistically based seasonal precipitation forecast model with automatic predictor selection and its application to central and south Asia L. Gerlitz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4605-2016
- Impact of dynamical regionalization on precipitation biases and teleconnections over West Africa I. Gómara et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3886-4
- Assessing seasonal climate predictability using a deep learning application: NN4CAST V. Galván Fraile et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1917-2026
- Data-driven approaches outperform dynamical models for subseasonal-to-seasonal precipitation forecasting in Senegal D. Faye et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1812437
- Malaria in Senegal: Recent and Future Changes Based on Bias-Corrected CMIP6 Simulations I. Diouf et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110345
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A Review of ENSO Influence on the North Atlantic. A Non-Stationary Signal B. Rodríguez-Fonseca et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7070087
- Physics-Constrained Adapter Tuning of Meteorological Foundation Models for Global SST Forecasting T. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3676064
- Skillful prediction of tropical Pacific fisheries provided by Atlantic Niños I. Gómara et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abfa4d
- An atlas of climatic predictors for the Sahelian upwelling marine ecosystem region I. Gómara et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2026.103762
- The role of sea surface temperature in the atmospheric seasonal cycle of the equatorial Atlantic L. Crespo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4489-4
- Modelos estadísticos para la interacción océano-atmósfera R. Sandoval-Núñez et al. https://doi.org/10.46925//rdluz.30.05
- Does objective cluster analysis serve as a useful precursor to seasonal precipitation prediction at local scale? Application to western Ethiopia Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-143-2018
- ENSO Forecasts near the Spring Predictability Barrier and Possible Reasons for the Recently Reduced Predictability A. Wang-Chun Lai et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0180.1
- Interdecadal Changes in the Leading Ocean Forcing of Sahelian Rainfall Interannual Variability: Atmospheric Dynamics and Role of Multidecadal SST Background R. Suárez-Moreno et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0367.1
- A statistically based seasonal precipitation forecast model with automatic predictor selection and its application to central and south Asia L. Gerlitz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4605-2016
- Impact of dynamical regionalization on precipitation biases and teleconnections over West Africa I. Gómara et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3886-4
- Assessing seasonal climate predictability using a deep learning application: NN4CAST V. Galván Fraile et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1917-2026
- Data-driven approaches outperform dynamical models for subseasonal-to-seasonal precipitation forecasting in Senegal D. Faye et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2026.1812437
- Malaria in Senegal: Recent and Future Changes Based on Bias-Corrected CMIP6 Simulations I. Diouf et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110345
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 04 Oct 2026
Short summary
The non-stationary links between sea surface temperature and global atmospheric circulation have served to create the S⁴CAST model. Here we describe the model, based on a statistical tool to be focused on the study of teleconnections and predictability of any climate-related variable that keeps a link with sea surface temperature. Due to its intuitive operation and free availability of the code, the model can be used both to supplement general circulation models and in a purely academic context.
The non-stationary links between sea surface temperature and global atmospheric circulation have...
