The Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) version 4.0    for atmospheric and oceanic flows: model formulation, recent    developments, and future perspectives

Maronga, B.; Gryschka, M.; Heinze, R.; Hoffmann, F.; Kanani-Sühring, F.; Keck, M.; Ketelsen, K.; Letzel, M. O.; Sühring, M.; Raasch, S.

doi:10.5194/gmd-8-2515-2015

Articles | Volume 8, issue 8

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2515-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2515-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 8, issue 8

Model description paper

|

13 Aug 2015

Model description paper |

| 13 Aug 2015

The Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) version 4.0 for atmospheric and oceanic flows: model formulation, recent developments, and future perspectives

B. Maronga, M. Gryschka, R. Heinze, F. Hoffmann, F. Kanani-Sühring, M. Keck, K. Ketelsen, M. O. Letzel, M. Sühring, and S. Raasch

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Jun 2015	19	19	1	39
Jul 2015	35	24	3	62
Aug 2015	110	98	5	213
Sep 2015	57	61	9	127
Oct 2015	56	63	5	124
Nov 2015	40	62	5	107
Dec 2015	23	45	1	69
Jan 2016	39	34	2	75
Feb 2016	36	37	4	77
Mar 2016	38	19	2	59
Apr 2016	22	33	3	58
May 2016	29	32	3	64
Jun 2016	23	18	2	43
Jul 2016	26	18	8	52
Aug 2016	15	23	5	43
Sep 2016	17	22	5	44
Oct 2016	23	18	4	45
Nov 2016	18	11	2	31
Dec 2016	12	23	3	38
Jan 2017	29	25	4	58
Feb 2017	25	36	5	66
Mar 2017	54	50	9	113
Apr 2017	53	51	10	114
May 2017	62	39	8	109
Jun 2017	58	20	10	88
Jul 2017	26	24	2	52
Aug 2017	22	37	0	59
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Oct 2017	15	45	0	60
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Dec 2017	20	31	3	54
Jan 2018	30	24	1	55
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Jun 2018	15	45	2	62
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Oct 2018	23	36	5	64
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Jan 2019	21	55	1	77
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Feb 2020	43	62	0	105
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Aug 2020	15	46	1	62
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Jun 2022	64	37	6	107
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Aug 2022	76	56	0	132
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Dec 2022	90	64	6	160
Jan 2023	76	53	3	132
Feb 2023	94	56	5	155
Mar 2023	109	61	5	175
Apr 2023	70	45	0	115
May 2023	74	47	2	123
Jun 2023	72	43	1	116
Jul 2023	88	37	2	127
Aug 2023	93	48	3	144
Sep 2023	104	47	2	153
Oct 2023	159	56	1	216
Nov 2023	146	25	3	174
Dec 2023	101	39	3	143
Jan 2024	80	26	4	110
Feb 2024	78	27	0	105
Mar 2024	82	47	8	137
Apr 2024	109	56	3	168
May 2024	83	94	8	185
Jun 2024	83	115	5	203
Jul 2024	65	93	2	160
Aug 2024	50	110	2	162
Sep 2024	50	78	0	128
Oct 2024	62	94	0	156
Nov 2024	56	84	3	143
Dec 2024	50	69	1	120
Jan 2025	80	74	2	156
Feb 2025	80	40	5	125
Mar 2025	90	44	1	135
Apr 2025	66	47	0	113
May 2025	88	40	0	128
Jun 2025	103	39	2	144
Jul 2025	65	61	1	127
Aug 2025	94	85	0	179
Sep 2025	75	38	1	114
Oct 2025	75	88	4	167
Nov 2025	121	64	3	188

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 19 Feb 2015)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2015	47	42	4	93
Mar 2015	36	39	1	76
Apr 2015	44	29	7	80
May 2015	16	26	2	44
Jun 2015	19	19	1	39
Jul 2015	35	24	3	62
Aug 2015	110	98	5	213
Sep 2015	57	61	9	127
Oct 2015	56	63	5	124
Nov 2015	40	62	5	107
Dec 2015	23	45	1	69
Jan 2016	39	34	2	75
Feb 2016	36	37	4	77
Mar 2016	38	19	2	59
Apr 2016	22	33	3	58
May 2016	29	32	3	64
Jun 2016	23	18	2	43
Jul 2016	26	18	8	52
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Feb 2017	25	36	5	66
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Feb 2019	20	48	1	69
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Jul 2019	17	49	3	69
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Jan 2022	33	42	0	75
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Mar 2022	45	58	3	106
Apr 2022	59	32	1	92
May 2022	67	37	2	106
Jun 2022	64	37	6	107
Jul 2022	57	37	1	95
Aug 2022	76	56	0	132
Sep 2022	61	41	3	105
Oct 2022	72	48	5	125
Nov 2022	95	69	8	172
Dec 2022	90	64	6	160
Jan 2023	76	53	3	132
Feb 2023	94	56	5	155
Mar 2023	109	61	5	175
Apr 2023	70	45	0	115
May 2023	74	47	2	123
Jun 2023	72	43	1	116
Jul 2023	88	37	2	127
Aug 2023	93	48	3	144
Sep 2023	104	47	2	153
Oct 2023	159	56	1	216
Nov 2023	146	25	3	174
Dec 2023	101	39	3	143
Jan 2024	80	26	4	110
Feb 2024	78	27	0	105
Mar 2024	82	47	8	137
Apr 2024	109	56	3	168
May 2024	83	94	8	185
Jun 2024	83	115	5	203
Jul 2024	65	93	2	160
Aug 2024	50	110	2	162
Sep 2024	50	78	0	128
Oct 2024	62	94	0	156
Nov 2024	56	84	3	143
Dec 2024	50	69	1	120
Jan 2025	80	74	2	156
Feb 2025	80	40	5	125
Mar 2025	90	44	1	135
Apr 2025	66	47	0	113
May 2025	88	40	0	128
Jun 2025	103	39	2	144
Jul 2025	65	61	1	127
Aug 2025	94	85	0	179
Sep 2025	75	38	1	114
Oct 2025	75	88	4	167
Nov 2025	121	64	3	188

Latest update: 01 Dec 2025

Short summary

The paper gives a detailed description of the PArallelized Large-eddy simulation Model (PALM) version 4.0 for the simulation of turbulent atmospheric and oceanic boundary layer flows. The model is optimized for use on massively parallel computer architectures and has been applied for various boundary-layer research studies over the last 15 years by various work groups all over the world. Besides the model description, we outline past PALM applications and also discuss future perspectives.