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3. Implementation of U.K. Earth System Models for CMIP6 A. Sellar et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001946
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5. Optimal phenology of life history events in Calanus finmarchicus: exit from diapause in relation to interannual variation in spring bloom timing and predation T. Anderson et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae028
6. The impact of large-scale macroalgae cultivation and harvesting strategies on the marine carbon dioxide removal efficacy and marine biogeochemistry P. Anugerahanti et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-3735-2026
7. Toward more robust net primary production projections in the North Atlantic Ocean S. Doléac et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-841-2025
8. The decomposition of cloud–aerosol forcing in the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) D. Grosvenor & K. Carslaw https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15681-2020
9. Proliferating particle surface area via microbial decay has profound consequences for remineralisation rate: a new approach to modelling the degradation of sinking detritus in the ocean T. Anderson et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-023-01055-6
10. Evaluation of Ocean Biogeochemistry and Carbon Cycling in CMIP Earth System Models With the International Ocean Model Benchmarking (IOMB) Software System W. Fu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018965
11. Integrating ocean observations across body‐size classes to deliver benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution information H. Ruhl et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10332
12. Change from aerosol-driven to cloud-feedback-driven trend in short-wave radiative flux over the North Atlantic D. Grosvenor & K. Carslaw https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6743-2023
13. Changes of potential catches for North-East Atlantic small pelagic fisheries under climate change scenarios J. Fernandes et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01698-3
14. Drivers of persistent changes in the global methane cycle under aggressive mitigation action G. Folberth et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00867-z
15. Efficiently simulating Lagrangian particles in large-scale ocean flows — Data structures and their impact on geophysical applications C. Kehl et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2023.105322
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17. A global monthly climatology of oceanic total dissolved inorganic carbon: a neural network approach D. Broullón et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1725-2020
18. Description and Evaluation of an Emission‐Driven and Fully Coupled Methane Cycle in UKESM1 G. Folberth et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002982
19. Transport Bias by Ocean Currents in Sedimentary Microplankton Assemblages: Implications for Paleoceanographic Reconstructions P. Nooteboom et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019PA003606
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22. Multidecadal accumulation of anthropogenic and remineralized dissolved inorganic carbon along the Extended Ellett Line in the northeast Atlantic Ocean M. Humphreys et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005246
23. Global marine biogeochemical reanalyses assimilating two different sets of merged ocean colour products D. Ford & R. Barciela https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2017.03.040
24. On the vertical phytoplankton response to an ice‐free Arctic Ocean J. Lawrence et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011180
25. Modeling carbon export mediated by biofouled microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea F. Guerrini et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12330
26. Future changes in atmospheric rivers over East Asia under stratospheric aerosol intervention J. Liang & J. Haywood https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1687-2023
27. Methane removal and the proportional reductions in surface temperature and ozone S. Abernethy et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2021.0104
28. Assessing the consequences of including aerosol absorption in potential stratospheric aerosol injection climate intervention strategies J. Haywood et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6135-2022
29. Where is mineral ballast important for surface export of particulate organic carbon in the ocean? F. Le Moigne et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061678
30. Carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 models V. Arora et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4173-2020
31. Assimilating synthetic Biogeochemical-Argo and ocean colour observations into a global ocean model to inform observing system design D. Ford https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-509-2021
32. Reconciling the Size‐Dependence of Marine Particle Sinking Speed B. Cael et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091771
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34. Quantifying the roles of food intake and stored lipid for growth and development throughout the life cycle of a high-latitude copepod, and consequences for ocean carbon sequestration T. Anderson et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.928209
35. Evaluating the physical and biogeochemical state of the global ocean component of UKESM1 in CMIP6 historical simulations A. Yool et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3437-2021
36. A sustainable blue economy may not be possible in Tanzania without cutting emissions A. Queirós et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174623
37. Killing the predator: impacts of highest-predator mortality on the global-ocean ecosystem structure D. Talmy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2493-2024
38. Perspectives on Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal from the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network H. Findlay et al. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2025.e308
39. Ventilation of the Bay of Bengal oxygen minimum zone by the Southwest Monsoon Current P. Sheehan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1575-2025
40. Arctic Oceanic Carbon Cycle: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Regulations, and Models X. Ye et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16121667
41. Understanding the remote influences of ocean weather on the episodic pulses of particulate organic carbon flux H. Ruhl et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2020.104741
42. Modelling primary production: multitude of theories, or multitude of languages? J. Skákala et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-1457-2026
43. Estimating the contribution of the Irish Sea fish community to carbon sink potential P. Silvar-Viladomiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsag095
44. North Atlantic Oscillation response in GeoMIP experiments G6solar and G6sulfur: why detailed modelling is needed for understanding regional implications of solar radiation management A. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1287-2021
45. On which timescales do gas transfer velocities control North Atlantic CO2 flux variability? M. Couldrey et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005267
46. Projections of Future Marine Heatwaves for the Oceans Around New Zealand Using New Zealand's Earth System Model E. Behrens et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.798287
47. Latitudinal Variation in Plankton Traits and Ecosystem Function S. Chakraborty et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006564
48. Impact of Lytic Phages on Phosphorus- vs. Nitrogen-Limited Marine Microbes J. Pourtois et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00221
49. A first predictive mechanistic model of cold-water coral biomass and respiration based on physiology, hydrodynamics, and organic matter transport E. de Froe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-843-2026
50. Implications for the global tuna fishing industry of climate change-driven alterations in productivity and body sizes M. Erauskin-Extramiana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104055
51. Including ash in UKESM1 model simulations of the Raikoke volcanic eruption reveals improved agreement with observations A. Wells et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3985-2023
52. Role of zooplankton in determining the efficiency of the biological carbon pump E. Cavan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-177-2017
53. Putting a time scale on emerging climate change stressors: a Vulnerability Index for Atlantic Ocean marine ecosystem services A. Loveridge et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2026.103251
54. Biological and physical influences on marine snowfall at the equator R. Kiko et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo3042
55. Counteracting Contributions of the Upper and Lower Meridional Overturning Limbs to the North Atlantic Nutrient Budgets: Enhanced Imbalance in 2010 L. Carracedo et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GB006898
56. The simulation of mineral dust in the United Kingdom Earth System Model UKESM1 S. Woodward et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14503-2022
57. Decreasing importance of carbon-climate feedbacks in the Southern Ocean in a warming climate T. Jarníková et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adr3589
58. Influences of Antarctic Ozone Depletion on Southern Ocean Aerosols Y. Bhatti et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037199
59. Ocean carbon sequestration: Particle fragmentation by copepods as a significant unrecognised factor? D. Mayor et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202000149
60. The future fate of Somali upwelling productivity and the implications for fisheries under climate change Z. Jacobs et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-55455-3
61. Shelf‐Break Upwelling and Productivity Over the North Kenya Banks: The Importance of Large‐Scale Ocean Dynamics Z. Jacobs et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JC015519
62. A single-column ocean biogeochemistry model (GOTM–TOPAZ) version 1.0 H. Jung et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-699-2019
63. Drivers of productivity on the Agulhas Bank and the importance for marine ecosystems Z. Jacobs et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105080
64. The Antarctic contribution to 21st-century sea-level rise predicted by the UK Earth System Model with an interactive ice sheet A. Siahaan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-4053-2022
65. Controls over Ocean Mesopelagic Interior Carbon Storage (COMICS): Fieldwork, Synthesis, and Modeling Efforts R. Sanders et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00136
66. Evaluation of ocean dimethylsulfide concentration and emission in CMIP6 models J. Bock et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3823-2021
67. Reproducible and relocatable regional ocean modelling: fundamentals and practices J. Polton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1481-2023
68. Niche separation between different functional types of mixoplankton: results from NPZ-style N-based model simulations A. Anschütz & K. Flynn https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-019-3612-3
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71. Climatology and nutrient fluxes in the Tagus estuary: A coupled model application H. de Pablo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2022.108129
72. An improved model of particle attenuation reduces estimates of Southern Ocean carbon transfer efficiency A. Oetjens et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-03090-7
73. Inconsistent strategies to spin up models in CMIP5: implications for ocean biogeochemical model performance assessment R. Séférian et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1827-2016
74. Different drivers, common mechanism; the distribution of a reef fish is restricted by local-scale oxygen and temperature constraints on aerobic metabolism M. Duncan et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coaa090
75. From global to regional and back again: common climate stressors of marine ecosystems relevant for adaptation across five ocean warming hotspots E. Popova et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13247
76. A diatom extension to the cGEnIE Earth system model – EcoGEnIE 1.1 A. Naidoo-Bagwell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1729-2024
77. Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations J. Mulcahy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6383-2020
78. Advancing Marine Biogeochemical and Ecosystem Reanalyses and Forecasts as Tools for Monitoring and Managing Ecosystem Health K. Fennel et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00089
79. Exploring the ecology of the mesopelagic biological pump E. Cavan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102125
80. Interannual monsoon wind variability as a key driver of East African small pelagic fisheries F. Jebri et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70275-9
81. Assimilation of Ocean‐Color Plankton Functional Types to Improve Marine Ecosystem Simulations S. Ciavatta et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013490
82. Global Modeled Sinking Characteristics of Biofouled Microplastic D. Lobelle et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC017098
83. Earth system music: music generated from the United Kingdom Earth System Model (UKESM1) L. de Mora et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-263-2020
84. Caveats on the use of rotenone to estimate mixotrophic grazing in the oceans G. Ferreira & A. Calbet https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60764-2
85. Seasonal nutrient co-limitation in a temperate shelf sea: A modelling approach A. Bahamondes Dominguez et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2022.104855
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87. iMarNet: an ocean biogeochemistry model intercomparison project within a common physical ocean modelling framework L. Kwiatkowski et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7291-2014
88. How marine cloud brightening could also affect stratospheric ozone E. Bednarz et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adu4038
89. Coupling the U.K. Earth System Model to Dynamic Models of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets R. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021MS002520
90. Modeling a coastal ecosystem to estimate climate change mitigation and a model demonstration in Tokyo Bay A. Sohma et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.04.019
91. Exploring the sensitivity of atmospheric nitrate concentrations to nitric acid uptake rate using the Met Office's Unified Model A. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15901-2021
92. Decomposing oceanic temperature and salinity change using ocean carbon change C. Turner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-523-2022
93. Detection of climate change‐driven trends in phytoplankton phenology S. Henson et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13886
94. Calibration of a simple and a complex model of global marine biogeochemistry I. Kriest https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4965-2017
95. A perturbed biogeochemistry model ensemble evaluated against in situ and satellite observations P. Anugerahanti et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6685-2018
96. An observation-based evaluation and ranking of historical Earth system model simulations in the northwest North Atlantic Ocean A. Laurent et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1803-2021
97. Enhancing Ocean Biogeochemical Models With Phytoplankton Variable Composition P. Anugerahanti et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.675428
98. Sea‐Ice Retreat From the Northeast Greenland Continental Shelf Triggers a Marine Trophic Cascade J. Laverick et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70189
99. Evaluation of SO2, SO42− and an updated SO2 dry deposition parameterization in the United Kingdom Earth System Model C. Hardacre et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18465-2021
100. Vulnerability of macronutrients to the concurrent effects of enhanced temperature and atmospheric pCO2 in representative shelf sea sediment habitats J. Godbold et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0340-y
101. The Assimilation of Phytoplankton Functional Types for Operational Forecasting in the Northwest European Shelf J. Skákala et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014153
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105. The sensitivity of Southern Ocean atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to modeled oceanic DMS concentrations and emissions Y. Bhatti et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15181-2023
106. Key physical processes and their model representation for projecting climate impacts on subarctic Atlantic net primary production: A synthesis M. Myksvoll et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103084
107. Projected climate change impacts on the ecosystems of the Agulhas Bank, South Africa S. Asdar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2022.105092
108. Phytoplankton acclimation to changing light intensity in a turbulent mixed layer: A Lagrangian modelling study M. Tomkins et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108917
109. A derivative-free optimisation method for global ocean biogeochemical models S. Oliver et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3537-2022
110. Considering the Role of Adaptive Evolution in Models of the Ocean and Climate System B. Ward et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001452
111. Thermal Responses in Global Marine Planktonic Food Webs Are Mediated by Temperature Effects on Metabolism K. Archibald et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018932
112. Swept under the carpet: organic matter burial decreases global ocean biogeochemical model sensitivity to remineralization length scale I. Kriest & A. Oschlies https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-8401-2013
113. Evaluating the effects of climate change in the southern Benguela upwelling system using the Atlantis modelling framework K. Ortega‐Cisneros et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12268
114. Ocean biological carbon pump: The evolution and prospects G. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2026.103450
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116. Marine biological production from in situ oxygen measurements on a profiling float in the subarctic Pacific Ocean S. Bushinsky & S. Emerson https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005251
117. Solving calibration and reanalysis challenges of ocean biogeochemical dynamics with neural schemes: a 1D vertical model case-study J. Littaye et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-23-6879-2026
118. Episodic organic carbon fluxes from surface ocean to abyssal depths during long-term monitoring in NE Pacific K. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814559115
119. A study of the effect of aerosols on surface ozone through meteorology feedbacks over China Y. Qu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5705-2021
120. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatologies, fluxes, and trends – Part 1: Differences between seawater DMS estimations S. Joge et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4439-2024
121. Marine regime shifts in ocean biogeochemical models: a case study in the Gulf of Alaska C. Beaulieu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4533-2016
122. Sinking microplastics in the water column: simulations in the Mediterranean Sea R. de la Fuente et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-431-2021
123. Multi-century dynamics of the climate and carbon cycle under both high and net negative emissions scenarios C. Koven et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-885-2022
124. EcoGEnIE 1.0: plankton ecology in the cGEnIE Earth system model B. Ward et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-4241-2018
125. A temperature-normalised view of southern ocean primary productivity under climate warming M. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae83d0
126. Evidence of partial thermal compensation in natural phytoplankton assemblages K. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10227
127. Origins of multi-decadal variability in sudden stratospheric warmings O. Dimdore-Miles et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-205-2021
128. The future of the subsurface chlorophyll‐a maximum in the Canada Basin—A model intercomparison N. Steiner et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011232
129. Using ocean models to predict spatial and temporal variation in marine carbon isotopes S. Magozzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1763
130. Sensitivity of δ13C values of seabird tissues to combined spatial, temporal and ecological drivers: A simulation approach T. Carpenter-Kling et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2018.12.007
131. Assessment and Constraint of Mesozooplankton in CMIP6 Earth System Models C. Petrik et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007367
132. Perturbed Biology and Physics Signatures in a 1-D Ocean Biogeochemical Model Ensemble P. Anugerahanti et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00549
133. Trends in microfluidic systems for in situ chemical analysis of natural waters A. Nightingale et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.07.091
134. Combining simulation modeling and stable isotope analyses to reconstruct the last known movements of one of Nature’s giants C. Trueman et al. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7912
135. Inversion of spectral absorption coefficients to infer phytoplankton size classes, chlorophyll concentration, and detrital matter X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.005805
136. The Global Deep Sea Exploration Goals: A representative approach to visually observing the deep seafloor K. Johannes et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea8731
137. Coupling of a sediment diagenesis model (MEDUSA) and an Earth system model (CESM1.2): a contribution toward enhanced marine biogeochemical modelling and long-term climate simulations T. Kurahashi-Nakamura et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-825-2020
138. PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies O. Aumont et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2465-2015
139. Predicting ecological responses in a changing ocean: the effects of future climate uncertainty J. Freer et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-017-3239-1
140. A protocol for model intercomparison of impacts of marine cloud brightening climate intervention P. Rasch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7963-2024
141. Impact of Spatial Variability in Zooplankton Grazing Rates on Carbon Export Flux S. Meyjes et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB008085
142. Can we project changes in fish abundance and distribution in response to climate? J. Fernandes et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15081
143. Response of ice sheets, sea-ice and sea level in climate stabilisation and reversibility simulations using a state-of-the-art Earth System Model R. Smith et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-475-2026
144. Assessing combinations of regional MCB designed to target multiple climate response objectives A. Mason et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-10861-2026
145. Is there warming in the pipeline? A multi-model analysis of the Zero Emissions Commitment from CO2 A. MacDougall et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2987-2020
146. Modelling submerged biofouled microplastics and their vertical trajectories R. Fischer et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2211-2022
147. Effects of assimilating phytoplankton carbon in marine ecosystem modelling in NEMO4.0.4-MEDUSA2.0-PDAF2.0 Y. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7589-2026
148. Marine snow surface production and bathypelagic export at the Equatorial Atlantic from an imaging float J. Habib et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-7985-2025
149. UKESM1.1: development and evaluation of an updated configuration of the UK Earth System Model J. Mulcahy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1569-2023
150. Broad-scale benthic habitat classification of the South Atlantic K. McQuaid et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103016
151. Regional variability of acidification in the Arctic: a sea of contrasts E. Popova et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-293-2014
152. Exploring the role of different data types and timescales in the quality of marine biogeochemical model calibration I. Kriest et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2645-2023
153. Plankton energy flows using a global size-structured and trait-based model G. Negrete-García et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102898
154. The representation of alkalinity and the carbonate pump from CMIP5 to CMIP6 Earth system models and implications for the carbon cycle A. Planchat et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1195-2023
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158. Meridional Ocean Carbon Transport A. Aldama‐Campino et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006336
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