279 citations as recorded by crossref.

1. Evaluation of climate models using palaeoclimatic data P. Braconnot et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1456
2. Solar irradiance modulation of Equator-to-Pole (Arctic) temperature gradients: Empirical evidence for climate variation on multi-decadal timescales W. Soon & D. Legates https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2012.11.015
3. Simulated warm periods of climate over China during the last two millennia: The Sui‐Tang warm period versus the Song‐Yuan warm period Q. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022941
4. Last millennium climate changes over the Antarctic Peninsula and southern Patagonia in CESM-LME simulations: Differences between Medieval Climate Anomaly and present-day temperatures G. Silvestri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107273
5. Understanding surface temperature changes over the Tibetan Plateau in the last millennium from a modeling perspective M. Zuo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07240-z
6. Solar modulation of hydroclimatic patterns in eastern China under influences of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation L. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112796
7. Using data assimilation to investigate the causes of Southern Hemisphere high latitude cooling from 10 to 8 ka BP P. Mathiot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-887-2013
8. Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the Last Millennium (v1.1) G. Schmidt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-185-2012
9. Roman Warm Period and Late Antique Little Ice Age in an Earth System Model Large Ensemble F. Shi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035832
10. North American Pancontinental Droughts in Model Simulations of the Last Millennium* S. Coats et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00634.1
11. Impacts of climate change on global meteorological multi-year droughts using the last millennium simulation as a baseline G. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127937
12. A new region-aware bias-correction method for simulated precipitation in areas of complex orography J. Gómez-Navarro et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2231-2018
13. Set-up of the PMIP3 paleoclimate experiments conducted using an Earth system model, MIROC-ESM T. Sueyoshi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-819-2013
14. The amplifying influence of increased ocean stratification on a future year without a summer J. Fasullo et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01302-z
15. Extratropical cyclone statistics during the last millennium and the 21st century C. Raible et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1499-2018
16. Climate of the last millennium: ensemble consistency of simulations and reconstructions O. Bothe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1089-2013
17. Internally generated decadal cold events in the northern North Atlantic and their possible implications for the demise of the Norse settlements in Greenland E. Moreno‐Chamarro et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062741
18. Documented and Simulated Warm Extremes during the Last 600 Years over Monsoonal China S. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030362
19. Volcanic forcing for climate modeling: a new microphysics-based data set covering years 1600–present F. Arfeuille et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-359-2014
20. Enhanced 20th-century heat transfer to the Arctic simulated in the context of climate variations over the last millennium J. Jungclaus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2201-2014
21. Reconstructing Arctic Sea Ice over the Common Era Using Data Assimilation M. Brennan & G. Hakim https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0099.1
22. Using palaeo-climate comparisons to constrain future projections in CMIP5 G. Schmidt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-221-2014
23. Mechanisms of hydrological responses to volcanic eruptions in the Asian monsoon and westerlies-dominated subregions Z. Zhuo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-835-2023
24. Algal lipids reveal unprecedented warming rates in alpine areas of SW Europe during the industrial period A. García-Alix et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-245-2020
25. Investigating stable oxygen and carbon isotopic variability in speleothem records over the last millennium using multiple isotope-enabled climate models J. Bühler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1625-2022
26. A statistical framework for conditional extreme event attribution P. Yiou et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-3-17-2017
27. Teleconnections between the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and eastern China summer precipitation during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age X. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620950413
28. New Tree-Ring Evidence from the Pyrenees Reveals Western Mediterranean Climate Variability since Medieval Times U. Büntgen et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0526.1
29. Comparing the model-simulated global warming signal to observations using empirical estimates of unforced noise P. Brown et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09957
30. Separating Forced from Chaotic Climate Variability over the Past Millennium A. Schurer et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00826.1
31. Solar and volcanic forcing of North Atlantic climate inferred from a process-based reconstruction J. Sjolte et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1179-2018
32. Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions M. Toohey et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0286-2
33. Large-scale temperature response to external forcing in simulations and reconstructions of the last millennium L. Fernández-Donado et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-393-2013
34. Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period I. Gabriel et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6
35. Inconsistencies between observed, reconstructed, and simulated precipitation indices for England since the year 1650 CE O. Bothe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-307-2019
36. Seasonal modulation of the Asian summer monsoon between the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age: a multi model study Y. Kamae et al. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-017-0136-7
37. “El Niño Like” Hydroclimate Responses to Last Millennium Volcanic Eruptions S. Stevenson et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0239.1
38. The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations J. Jungclaus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4005-2017
39. Global tree-ring response and inferred climate variation following the mid-thirteenth century Samalas eruption U. Büntgen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06141-3
40. Downscaled and debiased climate simulations for North America from 21,000 years ago to 2100AD D. Lorenz et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.48
41. Tropical volcanoes synchronize eastern Canada with Northern Hemisphere millennial temperature variability F. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32682-6
42. Intensified tropical cyclone activity in East Asia during the Maunder (solar) Minimum K. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2419759122
43. The Long‐Term Cooling Trend in East Antarctic Plateau Over the Past 2000 Years Is Only Robust Between 550 and 1550 CE C. An et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092923
44. Do GCMs predict the climate ... or macroweather? S. Lovejoy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-439-2013
45. On-line and off-line data assimilation in palaeoclimatology: a case study A. Matsikaris et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-81-2015
46. Decadal Variations of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Forced by the 11-Year Insolation Cycle C. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0288.1
47. Tidal effects on short-term mesozooplankton distribution in small channels of a temperate-turbid estuary, Southwestern Atlantic J. Chazarreta et al. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592015076806302
48. A multi-model analysis of ‘Little Ice Age’ climate over China X. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683618824761
49. Magnitudes and Spatial Patterns of Interdecadal Temperature Variability in CMIP6 L. Parsons et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086588
50. Do Multi‐Model Ensembles Improve Reconstruction Skill in Paleoclimate Data Assimilation? L. Parsons et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001467
51. Model and proxy evidence for coordinated changes in the hydroclimate of distant regions over the Last Millennium P. Roldán-Gómez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2361-2023
52. PMIP4 experiments using MIROC-ES2L Earth system model R. Ohgaito et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1195-2021
53. Southern Annular Mode dynamics, projections and impacts in a changing climate A. Purich et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00746-y
54. Application of Bayesian Model Averaging in the Reconstruction of Past Climate Change Using PMIP3/CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble Simulations M. Fang & X. Li https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00752.1
55. The influence of volcanic eruptions on the climate of tropical South America during the last millennium in an isotope-enabled general circulation model C. Colose et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-961-2016
56. The relationship between ENSO and East Asia summer rainfall belt during the last millennium H. Huang & Y. Guo https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07837-y
57. South American Summer Monsoon variability over the last millennium in paleoclimate records and isotope-enabled climate models R. Orrison et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2045-2022
58. Tropical Atlantic Response to Last Millennium Volcanic Forcing L. Figueiredo Prado et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110421
59. Indications for a North Atlantic ocean circulation regime shift at the onset of the Little Ice Age C. Schleussner et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2561-x
60. Causes of Greenland temperature variability over the past 4000 yr: implications for northern hemispheric temperature changes T. Kobashi et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2299-2013
61. Variability in the Northern North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans Across the Last Two Millennia: A Review P. Moffa‐Sánchez et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003508
62. Solar Irradiance Variability: Comparisons of Models and Measurements O. Coddington et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000693
63. Extending the climatological concept of ‘Detection and Attribution’ to global change ecology in the Anthropocene U. Büntgen et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13647
64. Simulation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon during the Last Millennium with the MPI Earth System Model W. Man et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00462.1
65. The Tropical Pacific ENSO–Mean State Relationship in Climate Models over the Last Millennium D. Wyman et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0673.1
66. Evolution of the Southern Annular Mode during the past millennium N. Abram et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2235
67. North Atlantic summer storm tracks over Europe dominated by internal variability over the past millennium M. Gagen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2752
68. A 277 year cool season dam inflow reconstruction forTasmania, southeasternAustralia K. Allen et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018906
69. Atlantic‐Pacific Gradients Drive Last Millennium Hydroclimate Variability in Mesoamerica T. Bhattacharya & S. Coats https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088061
70. Understanding the variability of the rainfall dipole in West Africa using the EC-Earth last millennium simulation Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05696-x
71. Palaeodata-informed modelling of large carbon losses from recent burning of boreal forests R. Kelly et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2832
72. Distinct winter North Atlantic climate responses to tropical and extratropical eruptions over the last millennium in PMIP simulations and reconstructions Q. Tao et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-2561-2025
73. On the Origin of the Surface Air Temperature Difference between the Hemispheres in Earth's Present-Day Climate G. Feulner et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00636.1
74. Quantifying Climate Forcings and Feedbacks over the Last Millennium in the CMIP5–PMIP3 Models* A. Atwood et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0063.1
75. Variability of the ocean heat content during the last millennium – an assessment with the ECHO-g Model P. Ortega et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-547-2013
76. Statistical characteristics of extreme daily precipitation during 1501 BCE–1849 CE in the Community Earth System Model W. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2031-2021
77. Paradoxical cold conditions during the medieval climate anomaly in the Western Arctic V. Jomelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32984
78. Reconstructed and simulated temperature asymmetry between continents in both hemispheres over the last centuries H. Goosse https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3154-z
79. Greenhouse Gas Concentration and Volcanic Eruptions Controlled the Variability of Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Over the Last Millennium X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001566
80. Potential for historically unprecedented Australian droughts from natural variability and climate change G. Falster et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1383-2024
81. The Maunder minimum and the Little Ice Age: an update from recent reconstructions and climate simulations M. Owens et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2017034
82. Testing the consistency between changes in simulated climate and Alpine glacier length over the past millennium H. Goosse et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1119-2018
83. Winter amplification of the European Little Ice Age cooling by the subpolar gyre E. Moreno-Chamarro et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07969-0
84. Regional surface temperature simulations over the Iberian Peninsula: evaluation and climate projections J. Garrido et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05456-3
85. Large-scale emergence of regional changes in year-to-year temperature variability by the end of the 21st century D. Olonscheck et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27515-x
86. Evaluation of statistical climate reconstruction methods based on pseudoproxy experiments using linear and machine-learning methods Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2643-2022
87. Modeling the climatic effects of large explosive volcanic eruptions C. Timmreck https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.192
88. Uncertainties in simulated El Niño–Southern Oscillation arising from internal climate variability C. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.805
89. The influence of volcanic eruptions on weather regimes over the North Atlantic simulated by ECHAM5/MPI-OM ensemble runs from 800 to 2000 CE H. Guðlaugsdóttir et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.04.021
90. Are Simulated Megadroughts in the North American Southwest Forced?* S. Coats et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00071.1
91. No consistent ENSO response to volcanic forcing over the last millennium S. Dee et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax2000
92. Climate Variability, Volcanic Forcing, and Last Millennium Hydroclimate Extremes S. Stevenson et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0407.1
93. Multi-centennial fluctuations of radionuclide production rates are modulated by the Earth’s magnetic field F. Pavón-Carrasco et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28115-4
94. Corals Reveal an Unprecedented Decrease of Arabian Sea Upwelling During the Current Warming Era T. Watanabe et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092432
95. The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations C. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011
96. Modelling regional glacier length changes over the last millennium using the Open Global Glacier Model D. Parkes & H. Goosse https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3135-2020
97. NAO predictability from external forcing in the late 20th century J. Klavans et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-021-00177-8
98. Evaluation of simulated responses to climate forcings: a flexible statistical framework using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling – Part 2: Numerical experiment K. Lashgari et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/ascmo-8-249-2022
99. Tree-Ring-Reconstructed Summer Temperatures from Northwestern North America during the Last Nine Centuries* K. Anchukaitis et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00139.1
100. Reconciling reconstructed and simulated features of the winter Pacific/North American pattern in the early 19th century D. Zanchettin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-939-2015
101. Impact of Volcanic Aerosols on the Hydrology of the Asian Monsoon and Westerlies‐Dominated Subregions: Comparison of Proxy and Multimodel Ensemble Means Z. Zhuo et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD032831
102. The influence of external forcing on subdecadal variability of regional surface temperature in CMIP5 simulations of the last millennium T. Le et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024423
103. Climate change and society in the 15th to 18th centuries D. Degroot https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.518
104. A Pseudoproxy Evaluation of Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling and Canonical Correlation Analysis for Climate Field Reconstructions over Europe* J. Werner et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00016.1
105. A Fiji multi‐coral δ18O composite approach to obtaining a more accurate reconstruction of the last two‐centuries of the ocean‐climate variability in the South Pacific Convergence Zone region E. Dassié et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002591
106. Late Holocene droughts in the Fertile Crescent recorded in a speleothem from northern Iraq P. Flohr et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071786
107. Centennial-Scale Temperature Change in Last Millennium Simulations and Proxy-Based Reconstructions F. Ljungqvist et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0525.1
108. Solar Spectral Irradiance Variability in November/December 2012: Comparison of Observations by Instruments on the International Space Station and Models G. Thuillier et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0588-5
109. Industrially induced warming triggered synchronous intensity changes in the East Asian summer and winter monsoons X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2024.106351
110. Estimates of volcanic-induced cooling in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 1,500 years M. Stoffel et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2526
111. A robust equatorial Pacific westerly response to tropical volcanism in multiple models J. Chai et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05453-6
112. Observation‐based detection and attribution of 21st century climate change J. Lean https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.511
113. Teleconnections and relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in reconstructions and models over the past millennium C. Dätwyler et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-743-2020
114. Multidecadal climate oscillations during the past millennium driven by volcanic forcing M. Mann et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5810
115. Beyond the hockey stick: Climate lessons from the Common Era M. Mann https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2112797118
116. Orbital Forcing Strongly Influences Seasonal Temperature Trends During the Last Millennium L. Lücke et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088776
117. North Pacific decadal variability in the CMIP5 last millennium simulations L. Fleming & K. Anchukaitis https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3041-7
118. The Suess effect in Fiji coral δ13C and its potential as a tracer of anthropogenic CO2 uptake E. Dassié et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.11.012
119. Variation of surface temperature during the last millennium in a simulation with the FGOALS-gl climate system model J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-013-2178-0
120. The South American monsoon variability over the last millennium in climate models M. Rojas et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1681-2016
121. The Role of Internal Variability in ITCZ Changes Over the Last Millennium P. Roldán‐Gómez et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096487
122. Antarctic temperature changes during the last millennium: evaluation of simulations and reconstructions H. Goosse et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.003
123. Winter‐to‐summer precipitation phasing in southwestern North America: A multicentury perspective from paleoclimatic model‐data comparisons S. Coats et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023085
124. The impact of wave‐mean flow interaction on the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex after tropical volcanic eruptions M. Bittner et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024603
125. “Warm Arctic‐Cold Siberia” as an Internal Mode Instigated by North Atlantic Warming C. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086248
126. Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1851-2017
127. On the appropriate definition of soil profile configuration and initial conditions for land surface–hydrology models in cold regions G. Sapriza-Azuri et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3295-2018
128. Coupled stratosphere-troposphere-Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its importance for near-future climate projection N. Omrani et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-022-00275-1
129. Arctic Sea‐Ice Variability During the Instrumental Era M. Brennan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086843
130. A long-term context (931–2005 C.E.) for rapid warming over Central Asia N. Davi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.05.020
131. An abrupt weakening of the subpolar gyre as trigger of Little Ice Age-type episodes E. Moreno-Chamarro et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3106-7
132. Using simulations of the last millennium to understand climate variability seen in palaeo-observations: similar variation of Iceland–Scotland overflow strength and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation K. Lohmann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-203-2015
133. Perspectives of regional paleoclimate modeling P. Ludwig et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13865
134. Comparison of observed borehole temperatures in Antarctica with simulations using a forward model driven by climate model outputs covering the past millennium Z. Lyu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1411-2020
135. The climate of the past millennium and online public engagement in a scientific debate E. Zorita https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.590
136. The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Spörer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe C. Camenisch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016
137. The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 1: Overview and over-arching analysis plan M. Kageyama et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1033-2018
138. Transport of salt and freshwater in the Atlantic Subpolar Gyre A. Born et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-016-0970-y
139. Hemispherically asymmetric volcanic forcing of tropical hydroclimate during the last millennium C. Colose et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-681-2016
140. Hydroclimate variability in Scandinavia over the last millennium – insights from a climate model–proxy data comparison K. Seftigen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1831-2017
141. ENSO response to external forcing in CMIP5 simulations of the last millennium T. Le https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.12.002
142. The Evolving Role of External Forcing in North Atlantic SST Variability over the Last Millennium J. Klavans et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0338.1
143. Signals in temperature extremes emerge in China during the last millennium based on CMIP5 simulations Y. Sui & Y. Chen https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-022-03377-0
144. The year-long unprecedented European heat and drought of 1540 – a worst case O. Wetter et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1184-2
145. Transient climate simulations of the deglaciation 21–9 thousand years before present (version 1) – PMIP4 Core experiment design and boundary conditions R. Ivanovic et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-2563-2016
146. Volcanically Triggered Ocean Warming Near the Antarctic Peninsula L. Verona et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45190-3
147. Robustness of the Link between Precipitation in North Africa and Standard Modes of Atmospheric Variability during the Last Millennium A. Djebbar et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8050062
148. Similarities and differences in driving factors of precipitation changes on the western Loess Plateau and the northeastern Tibetan Plateau at different timescales C. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05429-6
149. Recent weakening of seasonal temperature difference in East Asia beyond the historical range of variability since the 14th century J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1066-5
150. Climate and carbon cycle dynamics in a CESM simulation from 850 to 2100 CE F. Lehner et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-411-2015
151. Influence of long-term changes in solar irradiance forcing on the Southern Annular Mode N. Wright et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1509-2022
152. Influence of radiative forcing factors on ground–air temperature coupling during the last millennium: implications for borehole climatology C. Melo-Aguilar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1583-2018
153. Winter–spring warming in the North Atlantic during the last 2000 years: evidence from southwest Iceland N. Richter et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1363-2021
154. Forced changes to twentieth century ENSO diversity in a last Millennium context S. Stevenson et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3573-5
155. Discrepancies between the modeled and proxy‐reconstructed response to volcanic forcing over the past millennium: Implications and possible mechanisms M. Mann et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50609
156. Statistical framework for evaluation of climate model simulations by use of climate proxy data from the last millennium – Part 3: Practical considerations, relaxed assumptions, and using tree-ring data to address the amplitude of solar forcing A. Moberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-425-2015
157. The importance of external climate forcing for the variability and trends of coastal upwelling in past and future climate N. Tim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-807-2016
158. Tropical Pacific Modulation of the Asian Summer Monsoon Over the Last Millennium in Paleoclimate Data Assimilation Reconstructions J. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039207
159. Identifying teleconnections and multidecadal variability of East Asian surface temperature during the last millennium in CMIP5 simulations S. Ratna et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1825-2019
160. Evaluation of multidecadal and longer-term temperature changes since 850 CE based on Northern Hemisphere proxy-based reconstructions and model simulations J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-019-9607-x
161. Long-term Surface Temperature (LoST) database as a complement for GCM preindustrial simulations F. Cuesta-Valero et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1099-2019
162. Pseudo-proxy evaluation of climate field reconstruction methods of North Atlantic climate based on an annually resolved marine proxy network M. Pyrina et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1339-2017
163. South American precipitation changes simulated by PMIP3/CMIP5 models during the Little Ice Age and the recent global warming period L. Díaz & C. Vera https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5449
164. Simulation of air and ground temperatures in PMIP3/CMIP5 last millennium simulations: implications for climate reconstructions from borehole temperature profiles A. García-García et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044022
165. The role of forcing and internal dynamics in explaining the “Medieval Climate Anomaly” H. Goosse et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1297-0
166. Ocean‐Atmosphere Trajectories of Extended Drought in Southwestern North America L. Parsons & S. Coats https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030424
167. How Wet and Dry Spells Evolve across the Conterminous United States Based on 555 Years of Paleoclimate Data M. Ho et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0182.1
168. Decadal variability of precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau modulated by the 11-year solar cycle over the past millennium Y. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1137205
169. Radiative Forcing of Climate: The Historical Evolution of the Radiative Forcing Concept, the Forcing Agents and their Quantification, and Applications V. Ramaswamy et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-19-0001.1
170. Long-term changes in solar activity and irradiance T. Chatzistergos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2023.106150
171. Multidecadal-to-centennial SST variability in the MPI-ESM simulation ensemble for the last millennium D. Zanchettin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1361-9
172. Tropical Cyclone Genesis Factors in a Simulation of the Last Two Millennia: Results from the Community Earth System Model Q. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0054.1
173. Estimating Solar Irradiance Since 850 CE J. Lean https://doi.org/10.1002/2017EA000357
174. Introduction of CMIP5 Experiments Carried out with the Climate System Models of Beijing Climate Center X. Xiao-Ge et al. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1248.2013.041
175. Regional Influences of Natural External Forcings on the Transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age H. Andres & W. Peltier https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0599.1
176. Continental-scale temperature variability in PMIP3 simulations and PAGES 2k regional temperature reconstructions over the past millennium https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1673-2015
177. Regional-scale surface air temperature and East Asian summer monsoon changes during the last millennium simulated by the FGOALS-gl climate system model W. Man & T. Zhou https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-013-3123-y
178. Solar forcing of early Holocene droughts on the Yucatán peninsula S. Warken et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93417-z
179. East Asian warm season temperature variations over the past two millennia H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26038-8
180. Are the most recent estimates for Maunder Minimum solar irradiance in agreement with temperature reconstructions? G. Feulner https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048529
181. Climate Variability and Change since 850 CE: An Ensemble Approach with the Community Earth System Model B. Otto-Bliesner et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00233.1
182. Past millennial solar forcing magnitude A. Hind & A. Moberg https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-012-1526-6
183. South Atlantic Surface Boundary Current System during the Last Millennium in the CESM-LME: The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age F. Marcello et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9070299
184. Decoupling of δ18O from surface temperature in Antarctica in an ensemble of historical simulations S. Goursaud Oger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-2539-2024
185. Arctic climate over the past millennium: Annual and seasonal responses to external forcings E. Crespin et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683612463095
186. Model-dependent spatial skill in pseudoproxy experiments testing climate field reconstruction methods for the Common Era J. Smerdon et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2684-0
187. Early onset of industrial-era warming across the oceans and continents N. Abram et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19082
188. South Pacific Subtropical High from the late Holocene to the end of the 21st century: insights from climate proxies and general circulation models V. Flores-Aqueveque et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-79-2020
189. Changes of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability During the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age and Associated Causes J. Miao et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039966
190. Response of Earth's surface temperature to radiative forcing over A.D. 1–2009 A. Friend https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015143
191. Speleothem evidence of solar modulation on the south Asia monsoon intensity H. Chiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00971-8
192. Assessment of time of emergence of anthropogenic deoxygenation and warming: insights from a CESM simulation from 850 to 2100 CE A. Hameau et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1755-2019
193. Unknown Eruption Source Parameters Cause Large Uncertainty in Historical Volcanic Radiative Forcing Reconstructions L. Marshall et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033578
194. Re-evaluating the role of solar variability on Northern Hemisphere temperature trends since the 19th century W. Soon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.08.010
195. Unstable relationship between the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and eastern China summer precipitation: Insights from the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age X. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620902215
196. Long-range memory in internal and forced dynamics of millennium-long climate model simulations L. Østvand et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-5-295-2014
197. The spatiotemporal variability of Asian summer monsoon over the last millennium governed by the Intertropical Convergence Zone J. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105147
198. Modelling past sea ice changes H. Goosse et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.03.011
199. A new last two millennium reanalysis based on hybrid gain analog offline EnKF and an expanded proxy database F. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00961-w
200. Arctic hydroclimate variability during the last 2000 years: current understanding and research challenges H. Linderholm et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-473-2018
201. Holocene glacier fluctuations O. Solomina et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.11.018
202. Coral record of southeast Indian Ocean marine heatwaves with intensified Western Pacific temperature gradient J. Zinke et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9562
203. Resolving Long‐Term Variations in North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity Using a Pseudo Proxy Paleotempestology Network Approach E. Wallace et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094891
204. On the Estimation of Internal Climate Variability During the Preindustrial Past Millennium M. Mann et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096596
205. Volcanic impact on the Atlantic Ocean over the last millennium J. Mignot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1439-2011
206. Detecting changes in marine responses to ENSO from 850 to 2100 C.E.: Insights from the ocean carbon cycle K. Keller et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062398
207. The CSIRO Mk3L climate system model version 1.0 – Part 2: Response to external forcings S. Phipps et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-649-2012
208. Identifying the Externally Forced Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Signal Through Florida Rainfall J. Klavans et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088361
209. 近期东亚季节性温差减弱幅度已超出<bold>14</bold>世纪以来自然变率范围 江. 王 et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/N072022-0057
210. Precipitation variability in the north fringe of East Asian Summer Monsoon during the past millennium and its possible driving factors T. Hua et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04643-1
211. Variation of the summer Asian westerly jet over the last millennium based on the PMIP3 simulations N. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619883011
212. Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE M. Toohey & M. Sigl https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-809-2017
213. Pacific multidecadal (50–70 year) variability instigated by volcanic forcing during the Little Ice Age (1250–1850) W. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-06127-7
214. ENSO diversity throughout the Last Millennium: insights from PMIP simulations J. Benjumea et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-025-04047-7
215. Evaluating seasonal sea-ice cover over the Southern Ocean at the Last Glacial Maximum R. Green et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-845-2022
216. Methodological and physical biases in global to subcontinental borehole temperature reconstructions: an assessment from a pseudo-proxy perspective C. Melo-Aguilar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-453-2020
217. Probing the timescale dependency of local and global variations in surface air temperature from climate simulations and reconstructions of the last millennia B. Ellerhoff & K. Rehfeld https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.104.064136
218. Role of atmospheric chemistry in the climate impacts of stratospheric volcanic injections A. LeGrande et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2771
219. Northern Hemisphere hydroclimate variability over the past twelve centuries F. Ljungqvist et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17418
220. Arctic amplification modulated by Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and greenhouse forcing on multidecadal to century scales M. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29523-x
221. Editorial: The publication of geoscientific model developments v1.0 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1233-2013
222. Timing and climatic-driven mechanisms of glacier advances in Bhutanese Himalaya during the Little Ice Age W. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3739-2022
223. Australasian Temperature Reconstructions Spanning the Last Millennium J. Gergis et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00781.1
224. Northern Hemisphere temperature anomalies during the 1450s period of ambiguous volcanic forcing J. Esper et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-017-1125-9
225. Investigating hydroclimatic impacts of the 168–158 BCE volcanic quartet and their relevance to the Nile River basin and Egyptian history R. Singh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-249-2023
226. Quantifying Structural Uncertainty in Paleoclimate Data Assimilation With an Application to the Last Millennium D. Amrhein et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090485
227. The combined influences of Solar Radiation and PDO on Precipitation over Eastern China during the last millennium J. Xue et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-022-06372-4
228. Consistency of the multi-model CMIP5/PMIP3-past1000 ensemble O. Bothe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2471-2013
229. Tree-Ring Amplification of the Early Nineteenth-Century Summer Cooling in Central Europea U. Büntgen et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00673.1
230. Ocean response to volcanic eruptions inCoupledModelIntercomparisonProject 5 simulations Y. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009780
231. The Arctic freshwater cycle during a naturally and an anthropogenically induced warm climate F. Davies et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1849-y
232. Reconstruction and prediction of the total solar irradiance: From the Medieval Warm Period to the 21st century V. Velasco Herrera et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2014.07.009
233. Assessing the robustness of Antarctic temperature reconstructions over the past 2 millennia using pseudoproxy and data assimilation experiments F. Klein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-661-2019
234. Time-varying spectral characteristics of ENSO over the Last Millennium P. Hope et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3393-z
235. EMPIRE: A robust empirical reconstruction of solar irradiance variability K. Yeo et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023733
236. Effects of Memory Biases on Variability of Temperature Reconstructions L. Lücke et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0184.1
237. Calibration and Application of Branched GDGTs to Tibetan Lake Sediments: The Influence of Temperature on the Fall of the Guge Kingdom in Western Tibet, China J. Liang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021PA004393
238. Decadal causes of the Wanli megadrought in northern China during the Ming Dynasty: Perspectives from the Pacific Ocean X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104824
239. Interannual climate variability change during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age in PMIP3 last millennium simulations K. Yang & D. Jiang https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-016-6075-1
240. Assimilating continental mean temperatures to reconstruct the climate of the late pre-industrial period A. Matsikaris et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2785-9
241. Land-use change emissions from soybean feed embodied in Brazilian pork and poultry meat D. Caro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.146
242. Comparison of simulated and reconstructed variations in East African hydroclimate over the last millennium F. Klein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1499-2016
243. Evaluation of regional climate features over Antarctica in the PMIP past1000 experiment and implications for 21st-century sea level rise V. Charnay et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-21-1611-2025
244. Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA v1.0): an idealized forcing generator for climate simulations M. Toohey et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4049-2016
245. Impact of Volcanic Eruptions on Decadal to Centennial Fluctuations of Arctic Sea Ice Extent during the Last Millennium and on Initiation of the Little Ice Age J. Slawinska & A. Robock https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0498.1
246. On Discriminating between GCM Forcing Configurations Using Bayesian Reconstructions of Late-Holocene Temperatures* M. Tingley et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0208.1
247. DETECTING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTIONS BY DESIGNED BREAK‐INDICATOR SATURATION F. Pretis et al. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12148
248. A new archive of large volcanic events over the past millennium derived from reconstructed summer temperatures L. Schneider et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7a1b
249. Constraining two climate field reconstruction methodologies over the North Atlantic realm using pseudo-proxy experiments T. Nilsen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107009
250. Different flavors of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability D. Zanchettin et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1669-0
251. Tree-ring-based winter temperature reconstruction for East Asia over the past 700 years M. Song et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9768-9
252. Technical details concerning development of a 1200 yr proxy index for global volcanism T. Crowley & M. Unterman https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-187-2013
253. On the attribution of industrial-era glacier mass loss to anthropogenic climate change G. Roe et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1889-2021
254. Pronounced centennial-scale Atlantic Ocean climate variability correlated with Western Hemisphere hydroclimate K. Thirumalai et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02846-4
255. The effect of uncertainties in natural forcing records on simulated temperature during the last millennium L. Lücke et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-959-2023
256. A volcanically triggered regime shift in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean as a possible origin of the Little Ice Age C. Schleussner & G. Feulner https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1321-2013
257. Back to the Future: Using Long-Term Observational and Paleo-Proxy Reconstructions to Improve Model Projections of Antarctic Climate T. Bracegirdle et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060255
258. Active region properties and irradiance variations T. Baranyi & J. Pap https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2011.11.037
259. The Asian–Pacific oscillation over the past millennium in PMIP3 and PMIP4 K. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107918
260. Constraining the temperature history of the past millennium using early instrumental observations P. Brohan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1551-2012
261. Sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 and climate to explosive volcanic eruptions T. Frölicher et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2317-2011
262. A reconstruction of radiocarbon production and total solar irradiance from the Holocene 14C and CO2 records: implications of data and model uncertainties R. Roth & F. Joos https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1879-2013
263. Low-Frequency Atmospheric Variability Patterns and Synoptic Types Linked to Large Floods in the Lower Ebro River Basin J. Peña et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0394.1
264. Variations in large-scale tropical cyclone genesis factors over the western North Pacific in the PMIP3 last millennium simulations Q. Yan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3120-9
265. Combined Impacts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on Summer Precipitation in Eastern China During the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age Y. Ge et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038920
266. Variability of daily winter wind speed distribution over Northern Europe during the past millennium in regional and global climate simulations S. Bierstedt et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-317-2016
267. Understanding drivers of glacier-length variability over the last millennium A. Huston et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1645-2021
268. Comparison between spatio‐temporal random processes and application to climate model data B. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.2395
269. Impact of Solar Activity and ENSO on the Early Summer Asian Monsoon During the Last Millennium P. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL105668
270. Temperature Covariance in Tree Ring Reconstructions and Model Simulations Over the Past Millennium C. Hartl‐Meier et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073239
271. Dynamical and hydrological changes in climate simulations of the last millennium P. Roldán-Gómez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1285-2020
272. Improved estimates of preindustrial biomass burning reduce the magnitude of aerosol climate forcing in the Southern Hemisphere P. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc1379
273. Depositing skeletal remains in Czech and Moravian ossuaries and associated climatic variations V. Smrčka & M. Mihaljevič https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2024.71
274. Variations in Tropical Cyclone Genesis Factors in Simulations of the Holocene Epoch R. Korty et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00033.1
275. The Indian Ocean Dipole response to external forcing in the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 simulations of the last millennium T. Le & D. Bae https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683620988033
276. Drivers of Last Millennium Antarctic Climate Evolution in an Ensemble of Community Earth System Model Simulations O. Truax et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12080299
277. The Arctic Polar Vortex Response to Volcanic Forcing of Different Strengths A. Azoulay et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD034450
278. Data‐Model Comparisons of Tropical Hydroclimate Changes Over the Common Era A. Atwood et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020PA003934
279. Observational and Model Evidence for an Important Role for Volcanic Forcing Driving Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Over the Last 600 Years A. Waite et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089428