Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 18
Articles | Volume 19, issue 18
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9177-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-9177-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 18
Development and technical paper
 | 
28 Sep 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 28 Sep 2026

Effectively assimilate satellite land surface temperature into offline land surface models within ensemble-based assimilation frameworks

Yunhao Fu, Yongjun Zheng, and Jingjia Luo

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Short summary
It is challenging to assimilate land surface temperature (LST) owing to its fast temporally varying nature. This study proposes a scheme by jointly updating the soil temperature and soil moisture. Results show marginal enhancement in LST, yet soil temperature bias over Northeast Asia (NA) drops sharply. Snow temperature and snow depth over NA, and soil moisture in the humid tropics also improve significantly. These consistent improvements demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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