Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 16
Articles | Volume 19, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7817-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-7817-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 16
Development and technical paper
 | 
21 Aug 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 21 Aug 2026

Grounding-line dynamics in a Stokes ice-flow model (Elmer/Ice v9.0): improved numerical stability allows larger time steps

A. Clara J. Henry, Thomas Zwinger, and Josefin Ahlkrona

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Latest update: 11 Sep 2026
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Short summary
To overcome time-step restrictions, we implement the Free-Surface Stabilisation Algorithm (FSSA) at the ice-ocean interface in Stokes ice-sheet simulations. In 2D experiments, a time step of 10 years is generally numerically stable and accurate, whereas a time step of 50 years is stable, but cannot fully capture grounding-line dynamics. Implementation at the ice-ocean interface increases the applicability of Stokes models and motivates future coupling with adaptive time-stepping schemes.
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