Articles | Volume 19, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-6497-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-6497-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
SNOWstorm (v1.0) – a deep-learning based model for near-surface winds and drifting snow in mountain environments
Climate System Research Group, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
Brigitta Goger
Center for Climate Systems Modeling, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
now at: GeoSphere Austria, Vienna, Austria
Thomas Mölg
Climate System Research Group, Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Wind-driven snow redistribution affects glacier mass balance. A case study of Hintereisferner glacier in Austria used high-resolution observations and simulations to model snow redistribution. Simulations matched observations, showing the potential of the model for studying snow redistribution on other mountain glaciers.
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As the majority of (tropical) glaciers retreat on a global scale, we analysed area changes of the Puncak Jaya glaciers in South East Asia on West Papua, Indonesia, using high resolution optical satellite imagery, supported by historical glacier accounts. The results show a decrease of total glacier surface area by more than 99 % since 1850 and by ~65 % since the last survey in 2018, with glacier area (in 2024) amounting to 0.165 km2 ± 5 %. Puncak Jaya glaciers will likely disappear around 2030.
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The Greenland Ice Sheet represents the second-largest contributor to global sea-level rise. We quantify atmosphere, ice and ocean processes related to the mass balance of glaciers in northeast Greenland, focusing on Greenland’s largest floating ice tongue, the 79° N Glacier. We find that together, the different in situ and remote sensing observations and model simulations reveal a consistent picture of a coupled atmosphere–ice sheet–ocean system that has entered a phase of major change.
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We study with numerical simulations whether changing glacier ice surfaces impacts the atmospheric boundary layer structure over a glacier. Under north-westerly flow, a gravity wave forms over the glacier valley. When the surrounding upstream glaciers are removed, the gravity wave is weakened and breaks earlier. This leads to stronger turbulent mixing over the remaining glacier and to higher temperatures. We suggest that glaciers influence each other and should be studied as a connected system.
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We examine the understanding of weather and climate impacts on forest health in high school students. Climate physics, tree ring science, and educational research collaborate to provide an online platform that captures the students’ observations, showing they translate the measured weather and basic tree responses well. However, students hardly ever detect the causal connections. This result will help refine future classroom concepts and public climate change communication on changing forests.
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The Cryosphere, 18, 849–868, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-849-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-849-2024, 2024
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Wind-driven snow redistribution affects glacier mass balance. A case study of Hintereisferner glacier in Austria used high-resolution observations and simulations to model snow redistribution. Simulations matched observations, showing the potential of the model for studying snow redistribution on other mountain glaciers.
Jonathan P. Conway, Jakob Abermann, Liss M. Andreassen, Mohd Farooq Azam, Nicolas J. Cullen, Noel Fitzpatrick, Rianne H. Giesen, Kirsty Langley, Shelley MacDonell, Thomas Mölg, Valentina Radić, Carleen H. Reijmer, and Jean-Emmanuel Sicart
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A. B. Voordendag, B. Goger, C. Klug, R. Prinz, M. Rutzinger, and G. Kaser
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Short summary
We present a new model to predict near-surface winds and wind-driven transport of snow in mountain regions at high resolutions. With its deep-learning based design, it is several orders of magnitude less computationally expensive compared to traditional numerical methods, while being applicable over a wide range of topographic settings and atmospheric conditions. A first application case study on a glacier in the European Alps showed good agreement with numerical simulations and observations.
We present a new model to predict near-surface winds and wind-driven transport of snow in...