Articles | Volume 19, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-6027-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-6027-2026
Methods for assessment of models
 | 
08 Jul 2026
Methods for assessment of models |  | 08 Jul 2026

A self-supervised precipitation forecast verification based on contrastive learning

Yanwen Wang, Shuwen Huang, Qian Li, Xuan Peng, Haoming Chen, Kefeng Zhu, Liwen Wang, and Sheng Li

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Cited articles

Ayzel, G., Scheffer, T., and Heistermann, M.: RainNet v1.0: a convolutional neural network for radar-based precipitation nowcasting, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 2631–2644, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2631-2020, 2020. 
Cassola, F., Ferrari, F., and Mazzino, A.: Numerical simulations of Mediterranean heavy precipitation events with the WRF model: a verification exercise using different approaches, Atmos. Res., 164, 210–225, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.05.010, 2015. 
Chen, T., Kornblith, S., Norouzi, M., and Hinton, G.: A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations, in: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 26 April–1 May 2020, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1597–1607, arXiv, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2002.05709 2020. 
Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, G., and Tian, Q.: Coupling physical factors for precipitation forecast in China with graph neural network, Geophys. Res. Lett., 51, e2023GL106676, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106676, 2024. 
Davis, C., Brown, B., and Bullock, R.: Object-based verification of precipitation forecasts, Mon. Weather Rev., 134, 1772–1784, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3145.1, 2006. 
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Short summary
We developed a contrastive learning method (CLPFV - contrastive learning-based precipitation forecast verification) to improve the accuracy of precipitation forecast verification. The proposed method uses precipitation augmentation to simulate real-world forecast errors with gradients and then employs an improved loss function to reflect these errors in the contrastive learning. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional and spatial verification methods across different error types and aligns better with expert judgment.
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