Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-345-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-345-2026
Methods for assessment of models
 | 
13 Jan 2026
Methods for assessment of models |  | 13 Jan 2026

A new efficiency metric for the spatial evaluation and inter-comparison of climate and geoscientific model output

Andreas Karpasitis, Panos Hadjinicolaou, and George Zittis

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Cited articles

Ahmed, K., Sachindra, D. A., Shahid, S., Demirel, M. C., and Chung, E.-S.: Selection of multi-model ensemble of general circulation models for the simulation of precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature based on spatial assessment metrics, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 4803–4824, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4803-2019, 2019. a
Baghel, T., Babel, M. S., Shrestha, S., Salin, K. R., Virdis, S. G., and Shinde, V. R.: A generalized methodology for ranking climate models based on climate indices for sector-specific studies: An application to the Mekong sub-basin, Science of The Total Environment, 829, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154551, 2022. a
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Boucher, O., Denvil, S., Levavasseur, G., Cozic, A., Caubel, A., Foujols, M.-A., Meurdesoif, Y., Cadule, P., Devilliers, M., Ghattas, J., Lebas, N., Lurton, T., Mellul, L., Musat, I., Mignot, J., and Cheruy, F.: IPCC DDC: IPSL IPSL-CM6A-LR model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP, World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ, https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/AR6.C6CMIPICL, 2023. a
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Short summary
This study introduces the Modified Spatial Efficiency metric to more rigorously evaluate how well climate models reproduce observed spatial patterns, addressing a long-standing challenge in model assessment. It demonstrates robust performance across a wide range of conditions, capturing spatial structures in an intuitive and physically meaningful way. This new metric offers researchers an improved tool for evaluating and inter-comparing climate models.
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