Articles | Volume 19, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1229-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1229-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model description paper
| 
10 Feb 2026
Model description paper |
| 10 Feb 2026
| 10 Feb 2026
The representation of climate impacts in the FRIDAv2.1 Integrated Assessment Model
Christopher D. Wells
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
Benjamin Blanz
Research Unit Sustainability and Climate Risks, University of Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144 Hamburg, Germany
Lennart Ramme
Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstraße 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Jannes Breier
Department of Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Beniamino Callegari
School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
Adakudlu Muralidhar
Department of Ocean and Ice, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Blindern, Oslo, Norway
Jefferson K. Rajah
System Dynamics Group, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7802, 5020 Bergen, Norway
Andreas Nicolaidis Lindqvist
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Ideon Beta5, Scheelevägen 17, 223 70 Lund, Sweden
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Albanovägen 28, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Axel E. Eriksson
Department of Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Albanovägen 28, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
William Alexander Schoenberg
System Dynamics Group, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7802, 5020 Bergen, Norway
isee systems inc., 24 Hanover St, Ste 8A, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
Alexandre C. Köberle
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edifício C1, Piso 1, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
Lan Wang-Erlandsson
Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Albanovägen 28, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibnitz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Anthropocene Laboratory, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
Cecilie Mauritzen
Climate Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Oslo, Norway
Martin B. Grimeland
School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
Chris Smith
Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
Model code and software
FRIDAv2.1 climate damage functions and figures (Version v1) Christopher D. Wells https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18154029
FRIDA: Feedback-based knowledge Repository for IntegrateD Assessments (v2.1) William Schoenberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15310860
Short summary
Computer models built to study future developments of human activity and climate change often exclude the impacts of climate change. Here, we include these effects in a new model. We create functions connecting changes in global temperature, carbon dioxide, and sea level to energy supply and demand, food systems, mortality, economic damages, and other important quantities. Including these effects will allow us to explore their impact on future changes in the human and climate realms.
Computer models built to study future developments of human activity and climate change often...
