Conservation of heat in the Coupled Arctic Prediction  System (CAPS v1.1): comprehensive model evaluation  based on the MOSAiC observations

Yang, Chao-Yuan; Gu, Fengguan; Liu, Jiping; Rinke, Annette; Yang, Hu; Shi, Xiaoxu

doi:10.5194/gmd-19-10595-2026

Articles | Volume 19, issue 21

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-10595-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-10595-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 21

Model evaluation paper

|

09 Nov 2026

Model evaluation paper |

| 09 Nov 2026

Conservation of heat in the Coupled Arctic Prediction System (CAPS v1.1): comprehensive model evaluation based on the MOSAiC observations

Chao-Yuan Yang, Fengguan Gu, Jiping Liu, Annette Rinke, Hu Yang, and Xiaoxu Shi

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-10595-2026-supplement

Data sets

MOSAiC radiosonde data (level 3) Marion Maturilli et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.943870

Met City meteorological and surface flux measurements (Level 3 Final), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019-September 2020 Christopher J. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.18739/A2PV6B83F

Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #30 measurements (Level 3 Final), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019-September 2020 Christopher J. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.18739/A2FF3M18K

Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #40 measurements (Level 3 Final), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019-September 2020 Christopher J. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.18739/A25X25F0P

Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #50 measurements (Level 3 Final), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019-September 2020 Christopher J. Cox et al. https://doi.org/10.18739/A2XD0R00S

Processed data of CTD buoys 2019O1 to 2019O8 as part of the MOSAiC Distributed Network Mario Hoppmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.940320

An overview of SIMBA buoys deployed in the Arctic Ocean during the Legs 1a, 1, and 3 of the MOSAiC campaign in 2019-2020 Ruibo Lei et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938267

The evaluation data utilized in the manuscript: "Conservation of Heat in the Coupled Arctic Prediction System (CAPS v1.1): Comprehensive model evaluation based on the MOSAiC observations'' Chao-Yuan Yang https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18764432

The simulated outputs analyzed in the manuscript: "Conservation of Heat in the Coupled Arctic Prediction System (v1.1): Comprehensive model evaluation based on the MOSAiC observations'' Chao-Yuan Yang https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18308549

Model code and software

The model code of Coupled Arctic Prediction System version 1.1 (CAPS v1.1) for the permanent archive in the manuscript: "Conservation of Heat in the Coupled Arctic Prediction System (v1.1): Comprehensive model evaluation based on the MOSAiC observations'' Chao-Yuan Yang https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23833130

Short summary

Accurately exchanging energy between the atmosphere and the ocean-ice systems through surface heat fluxes is crucial for climate modelling. We present an improved version of Coupled Arctic Prediction System (CAPS) by revising flux coupling for conservation of heat. Our results show that the model with improved flux coupling can better simulate sea ice conditions during the period of Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC).