Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 19, issue 21
Articles | Volume 19, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-10433-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-10433-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 19, issue 21
Development and technical paper
 | 
04 Nov 2026
Development and technical paper |  | 04 Nov 2026

Slope-Constrained Orography (SCO v1.0) for explicit discrete-slope control in terrain preprocessing: a case study with WRF-ARW (v4.6.1)

Yulong Ma, Xingwen Jiang, Lin Mu, and Zhiwei Heng

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Short summary
High-resolution weather models over mountains need terrain smoothing to avoid crashing, but standard methods smooth everywhere regardless of need. We developed Slope-Constrained Orography, a tool that uses one slope-angle setting to adjust only the points that are too steep. Tested over the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, stable simulations were achieved while modifying far less terrain than standard smoothing, offering a simpler approach to running weather models over steep terrain.
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