Articles | Volume 18, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9385-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-9385-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model evaluation paper
| 
03 Dec 2025
Model evaluation paper |
| 03 Dec 2025
| 03 Dec 2025
The ICON-based Earth System Model for climate predictions and projections (ICON XPP v1.0)
Wolfgang A. Müller
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Stephan Lorenz
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Trang V. Pham
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Andrea Schneidereit
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Renate Brokopf
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Victor Brovkin
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Nils Brüggemann
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Fatemeh Chegini
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Dietmar Dommenget
ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
Kristina Fröhlich
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Barbara Früh
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Veronika Gayler
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Helmuth Haak
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Stefan Hagemann
Institute of Coastal Systems, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
Moritz Hanke
Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, Hamburg, Germany
Tatiana Ilyina
University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Johann Jungclaus
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Martin Köhler
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Peter Korn
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Luis Kornblueh
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Clarissa A. Kroll
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Julian Krüger
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Karel Castro-Morales
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Ulrike Niemeier
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Holger Pohlmann
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Iuliia Polkova
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Roland Potthast
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Thomas Riddick
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Manuel Schlund
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
Tobias Stacke
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Roland Wirth
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Dakuan Yu
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Jochem Marotzke
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
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Short summary
We provide a new Earth System model configuration framed into the ICON architecture, which provides the baseline for the next generation of climate predictions and projections (hereafter ICON XPP). Two resolutions of ICON XPP are presented that show high runtime performances making it suitable to run long integrations and large-ensemble experiments. ICON XPP similarly perform to CMIP6-class of climate models making it a good basis for climate forecasts and projections, and climate research.
We provide a new Earth System model configuration framed into the ICON architecture, which...
