Articles | Volume 18, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8423-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-8423-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
11 Nov 2025
Development and technical paper |
| 11 Nov 2025
| 11 Nov 2025
Enhancing particle number concentration modelling accuracy in China by incorporating various nucleation parameterization schemes into the CMAQ version 5.3.2 model
Jianjiong Mao
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Lei Jiang
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, People's Republic of China
Zhicheng Feng
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jingyi Li
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Yanhong Zhu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, 412000, China
Momei Qin
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
State Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Sustainability, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Jianlin Hu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Ruizhe Shen, Song Guo, Hui Wang, Ying Yu, Zichao Wan, Rui Tan, Wenfei Zhu, Zheng Chen, Shiyi Chen, Zhijun Wu, Shuangde Li, Yunfa Chen, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 12793–12811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12793-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12793-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Cooking fumes change in the air. Fresh emissions rapidly form tiny particles; within half a day, reactions create medium-sized secondary particles that linger and can be inhaled. The study maps gas-particle partitioning, showing most secondary products reach equilibrium quickly, while some early and large molecules are limited by surface processes. These insights help improve air quality models and strategies to reduce exposure risks from cooking emissions in cities and indoors.
Jiawei Yang, Jingchuan Chen, Jie Chen, Zeyu Feng, Wenxu Fang, Yanting Qiu, Junrui Wang, Ruiqi Man, Taomou Zong, Yuechen Liu, Zhijun Wu, Ning Tang, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 11771–11784, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11771-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11771-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
In clouds containing liquid water and ice (about 0 to −38 °C), ice-nucleating particles act as tiny “seeds” that help supercooled water freeze. We studied these particles in winter air in Taiyuan, an industrial city in northern China. The strongest increases occurred during a desert dust intrusion, while haze and pollution showed weak links to fine-particle pollution sources. This suggests urban freezing particles can be strongly affected by transported dust, not pollution intensity alone.
Jingye Ren, Songjian Zou, Honghao Xu, Guiquan Liu, Zhe Wang, Anran Zhang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Lizi Tang, Ru-Jin Huang, Yele Sun, and Fang Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 19, 6403–6416, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-6403-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-6403-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new framework of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) prediction in polluted region has been developed and it achieves well prediction of hourly-to-yearly scale across North China Plain. The study reveals the machine learning model can largely reduce the uncertainty in simulating cloud radiative forcing, illustrating the high sensitivity of climate forcing to changes in CCN. This improvement of our new model would be helpful to aerosols climate effect assessment in models.
Xun Li, Xuan Li, Rusha Yan, Yaqin Gao, Kangjia Gong, Hongli Wang, Momei Qin, Jianlin Hu, and Jingyi Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 4901–4915, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-4901-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-4901-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
An updated emission inventory, incorporating source-specific OVOC (Oxygenated volatile organic compound) profiles derived from measurements and the literature, is applied in an air quality model to improve OVOC simulations in a heavily polluted region. A substantial fraction of key OVOCs originates from anthropogenic sources and enhances hydroperoxyl radical production, thereby contributing to ozone formation. The results highlight the importance of accurately representing OVOC emissions in models to support ozone control strategies.
Yanting Qiu, Tao Qiu, Yuechen Liu, Yu Gu, Ruiqi Man, Dapeng Liang, Taomou Zong, Zhijun Wu, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2785–2796, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2785-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2785-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Brown Carbon (BrC) is considered as one of the least understood atmospheric warming agents. BrC’s photobleaching has been determined as a key reason to the uncertainty in its global radiative effect, which has been poorly constrained. This study revelas the source-dependent BrC photobleaching rates, and explained this difference from molecular perspective. Consequently, the OH oxidation reactivity of molecular composition of different types of BrC determines their distinct photobleaching rates.
Yanting Qiu, Junrui Wang, Tao Qiu, Jiajie Li, Yanxin Bai, Teng Liu, Ruiqi Man, Taomou Zong, Wenxu Fang, Jiawei Yang, Yu Xie, Zeyu Feng, Chenhui Li, Ying Wei, Kai Bi, Dapeng Liang, Ziqi Gao, Zhijun Wu, Yuchen Wang, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2411–2423, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2411-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2411-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
This study reveals that anthropogenic organosulfates (OSs), especially Aliphatic OSs in urban areas have been significantly underestimated. We also discovered that humidity, acidity, inorganic sulfate and Ox mass concentrations play key roles in the formation of Aliphatic OSs. These findings improve our understanding of how air pollution forms in urban environments and are crucial for developing effective environmental policies.
Jie Hu, Jianlong Li, Narcisse Tsona Tchinda, Christian George, Feng Xu, Min Hu, and Lin Du
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 2191–2208, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2191-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-2191-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Phytoplankton blooms dynamically enrich dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in sea spray aerosol by 10–30 times, with proteins and saccharides transferring at different bloom stages. The sea-to-air transfer of DOC is driven by the synergy of biological and the interaction between DOC and bubble rupture. This synergistically-driven DOC flux affects aerosol properties and climate, highlighting the ocean–atmosphere link in organic carbon cycling.
Yu Li, Momei Qin, Weiwei Hu, Bin Zhao, Ying Li, Havala O. T. Pye, Jingyi Li, Linghan Zeng, Song Guo, Min Hu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 1001–1020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1001-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1001-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated how well a widely used air quality model simulates key properties of organic particles in the atmosphere, such as volatility and oxygen content, which influence how particles age, spread, and affect both air quality and climate. Using observations in eastern China, we found the model underestimated particle mass and misrepresented their properties. Our results highlight the need for improved emissions and chemical treatments to better predict air quality and climate impacts.
Jie Fang, Yunjiang Zhang, Didier Hauglustaine, Bo Zheng, Ming Wang, Jingyi Li, Yong Sun, Haiwei Li, Junfeng Wang, Yun Wu, Bin Yuan, Mindong Chen, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 851–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-851-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-851-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Surface ozone pollution is a pressing global challenge driven by human activities and a warming climate. Using nationwide observations (2013–2023) across China together with satellite data, we developed a new machine learning approach to decouple the impacts of emission controls and weather changes. Our results show that while emission reductions improved ozone in some regions, climate change is increasingly offsetting these gains, underscoring the need for joint air quality and climate actions.
Ruiqi Man, Yishu Zhu, Zhijun Wu, Peter Aaron Alpert, Bingbing Wang, Jing Dou, Jie Chen, Yan Zheng, Yanli Ge, Qi Chen, Shiyi Chen, Xiangrui Kong, Markus Ammann, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 26, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-349-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-349-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
The particle chemical morphology is important to atmospheric multiphase and heterogeneous chemistry. This work directly observed the core-shell structure and water uptake behavior of individual submicron aerosol particles at an urban site and elucidated the potential impact on particle reactive uptake and heterogeneous reactions.
Huilin Hu, Yunyi Liang, Ting Li, Yongliang She, Yao Wang, Ting Yang, Min Zhou, Ziyue Li, Chenxi Li, Huayun Xiao, Jianlin Hu, Jingyi Li, and Yue Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 17889–17906, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17889-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17889-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (iSOA) is a major type of biogenic SOA in the atmosphere, yet its response to long-term anthropogenic emission reductions remains poorly understood. Here, combing field observations and model simulations, we characterized the abundance, trend, and underlying drivers of iSOA in Shanghai, China during 2015–2021, which will advance our understandings of the formation and impacts of biogenic SOA under rapidly evolving emission scenarios in urban regions.
Shubin Li, Yujue Wang, Yiwen Zhang, Yizhe Yi, Yuchen Wang, Yuqi Guo, Chao Yu, Yue Jiang, Jinhui Shi, Chao Zhang, Jialei Zhu, Wei Hu, Jianzhen Yu, Xiaohong Yao, Huiwang Gao, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 12585–12598, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12585-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12585-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Organosulfates (OSs) are an unrecognized and potentially important component in marine organic aerosols. In this study, we quantified and characterized the OSs over East Asian marginal seas. The chemical nature and spatiotemporal distribution of OSs were modified by the joint influence of marine emissions and transported terrestrial pollutants. The results highlight the vital roles of OSs in shaping organic aerosol formation and sulfur cycle during summer in the marine boundary layer.
Hanrui Lang, Yunjiang Zhang, Sheng Zhong, Yongcai Rao, Minfeng Zhou, Jian Qiu, Jingyi Li, Diwen Liu, Florian Couvidat, Olivier Favez, Didier Hauglustaine, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10587–10601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10587-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10587-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how dust pollution influences particulate nitrate formation. We found that dust pollution could reduce the effectiveness of ammonia emission controls by altering aerosol chemistry. Using field observations and modeling, we showed that dust particles affect nitrate distribution between gas and particle phases. Our findings highlight the need for pollution control strategies that consider both human emissions and dust sources for better urban air quality management.
Xiao Lu, Yiming Liu, Jiayin Su, Xiang Weng, Tabish Ansari, Yuqiang Zhang, Guowen He, Yuqi Zhu, Haolin Wang, Ganquan Zeng, Jingyu Li, Cheng He, Shuai Li, Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Tim Butler, Qi Fan, Shaojia Fan, Grant L. Forster, Meng Gao, Jianlin Hu, Yugo Kanaya, Mohd Talib Latif, Keding Lu, Philippe Nédélec, Peer Nowack, Bastien Sauvage, Xiaobin Xu, Lin Zhang, Ke Li, Ja-Ho Koo, and Tatsuya Nagashima
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 7991–8028, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7991-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7991-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes summertime ozone trends in East and Southeast Asia derived from a comprehensive observational database spanning from 1995 to 2019, incorporating aircraft observations, ozonesonde data, and measurements from 2500 surface sites. Multiple models are applied to attribute to changes in anthropogenic emissions and climate. The results highlight that increases in anthropogenic emissions are the primary driver of ozone increases both in the free troposphere and at the surface.
Huiyun Du, Jie Li, Xueshun Chen, Gabriele Curci, Fangqun Yu, Yele Sun, Xu Dao, Song Guo, Zhe Wang, Wenyi Yang, Lianfang Wei, and Zifa Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5665–5681, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5665-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5665-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Inadequate consideration of mixing states and coatings on black carbon (BC) hinders aerosol radiation forcing quantification. Core–shell mixing aligns well with observations, but partial internal mixing is a more realistic representation. We used a microphysics module to determine the fraction of embedded BC and coating aerosols, constraining the mixing state. This reduced absorption enhancement by 30 %–43 % in northern China, offering insights into BC's radiative effects.
Jingye Ren, Songjian Zou, Honghao Xu, Guiquan Liu, Zhe Wang, Anran Zhang, Chuanfeng Zhao, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Lizi Tang, Ru-Jin Huang, Yele Sun, and Fang Zhang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1483, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1483, 2025
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, a new framework of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) prediction in polluted region has been developed and it achieves well prediction of hourly-to-yearly scale across North China Plain. The study reveals a significant long-term decreasing trend of CCN concentration at typical supersaturations due to a rapid reduction in aerosol concentrations from 2014 to 2018. This improvement of our new model would be helpful to aerosols climate effect assessment in models.
Haifeng Yu, Yunhua Chang, Lin Cheng, Yusen Duan, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 5355–5369, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5355-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5355-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents long-term measurements and comprehensive analysis of carbonaceous aerosols in fine particles in Shanghai. We further estimated primary and secondary carbon levels, examining their temporal variations on interannual, monthly, seasonal, and diurnal scales. Through rigorous statistical analysis and correlation studies with meteorological parameters and pollutant concentrations, the origins, formation mechanisms, and spatial distribution patterns of secondary organic carbon were elucidated.
Bin Luo, Yuqiang Zhang, Tao Tang, Hongliang Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Jiangshan Mu, Wenxing Wang, and Likun Xue
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 4767–4783, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4767-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4767-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
India is facing a severe air pollution crisis that poses significant health risks, particularly from PM2.5 and O3. Our study reveals rising levels of both pollutants from 1995 to 2014, leading to increased premature mortality. While anthropogenic emissions play a significant role, biomass burning also impacts air quality, in particular seasons and regions in India. This study underscores the urgent need for localized policies to protect public health amid escalating environmental challenges.
Fei Ye, Jingyi Li, Yaqin Gao, Hongli Wang, Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Song Guo, Keding Lu, Kangjia Gong, Haowen Zhang, Momei Qin, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7467–7479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7467-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Naphthalene (Nap) and methylnaphthalene (MN) are key precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), yet their sources and sinks are often inadequately represented in air quality models. In this study, we incorporated detailed emissions, gas-phase chemistry, and SOA parameterization of Nap and MN into CMAQ to address this issue. The findings revealed remarkably high SOA formation potentials for these compounds despite their low emissions in the Yangtze River Delta region during summer.
Yu-Kai Tong, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu, and Anpei Ye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2937–2950, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2937-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2937-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The interplay between aerosols and moisture is one of the most crucial atmospheric processes. However, to date, literature results on the influence of phase separation on water diffusion in aerosols are divergent. This work directly unveiled the water diffusion process in single suspended phase-separated microdroplets and quantitatively analyzed the diffusion rate and extent. The results show that diffusion limitations and certain molecule clusters existed in the phase-separated aerosols.
Xiangxinyue Meng, Zhijun Wu, Jingchuan Chen, Yanting Qiu, Taomou Zong, Mijung Song, Jiyi Lee, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 2399–2414, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2399-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-2399-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study revealed that particles predominantly exist in a semi-solid or solid state during clean winter days with RH below 30 %. However, a non-liquid to a liquid phase transition occurred when the aerosol liquid water (ALW) mass fraction surpassed 15 % (dry mass) at transition RH thresholds ranging from 40 % to 60 %. We also provide insights into the increasingly important roles of particle phase state variation and ALW in secondary particulate growth during haze formation in Beijing, China.
Yongliang She, Jingyi Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Hai Guo, Momei Qin, Xiaodong Xie, Kangjia Gong, Fei Ye, Jianjiong Mao, Lin Huang, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 219–233, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we use multi-site volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements to evaluate the CMAQ-model-predicted VOCs and assess the impacts of VOC bias on O3 simulation. Our results demonstrate that current modeling setups and emission inventories are likely to underpredict VOC concentrations, and this underprediction of VOCs contributes to lower O3 predictions in China.
Can Ye, Keding Lu, Xuefei Ma, Wanyi Qiu, Shule Li, Xinping Yang, Chaoyang Xue, Tianyu Zhai, Yuhan Liu, Xuan Li, Yang Li, Haichao Wang, Zhaofeng Tan, Xiaorui Chen, Huabin Dong, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15455–15472, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15455-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15455-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, combining comprehensive field measurements and a box model, we found NO2 conversion on the ground surface was the most important source for HONO production among the proposed heterogeneous and gas-phase HONO sources. In addition, HONO was found to evidently enhance O3 production and aggravate O3 pollution in summer in China. Our study improved our understanding of the relative importance of different HONO sources and the crucial role of HONO in O3 formation in polluted areas.
Weilun Zhao, Ying Li, Gang Zhao, Song Guo, Nan Ma, Shuya Hu, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 14889–14902, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14889-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14889-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Studies have concentrated on particles containing black carbon (BC) smaller than 700 nm because of technical limitations. In this study, BC-containing particles larger than 700 nm (BC>700) were measured, highlighting their importance to total BC mass and absorption. The contribution of BC>700 to the BC direct radiative effect was estimated, highlighting the necessity to consider the whole size range of BC-containing particles in the model estimation of BC radiative effects.
Kai Song, Rongzhi Tang, Jingshun Zhang, Zichao Wan, Yuan Zhang, Kun Hu, Yuanzheng Gong, Daqi Lv, Sihua Lu, Yu Tan, Ruifeng Zhang, Ang Li, Shuyuan Yan, Shichao Yan, Baoming Fan, Wenfei Zhu, Chak K. Chan, Maosheng Yao, and Song Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 13585–13595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13585-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Incense burning is common in Asia, posing threats to human health and air quality. However, less is known about its emissions and health risks. Full-volatility organic species from incense-burning smoke are detected and quantified. Intermediate-volatility volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) are crucial organics accounting for 19.2 % of the total emission factors (EFs) and 40.0 % of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) estimation, highlighting the importance of incorporating IVOCs into SOA models.
Xiaodong Xie, Jianlin Hu, Momei Qin, Song Guo, Min Hu, Dongsheng Ji, Hongli Wang, Shengrong Lou, Cheng Huang, Chong Liu, Hongliang Zhang, Qi Ying, Hong Liao, and Yuanhang Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 10563–10578, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10563-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The atmospheric age of particles reflects how long particles have been formed and suspended in the atmosphere, which is closely associated with the evolution processes of particles. An analysis of the atmospheric age of PM2.5 provides a unique perspective on the evolution processes of different PM2.5 components. The results also shed lights on how to design effective emission control actions under unfavorable meteorological conditions.
Yiqi Zheng, Larry W. Horowitz, Raymond Menzel, David J. Paynter, Vaishali Naik, Jingyi Li, and Jingqiu Mao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8993–9007, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8993-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) account for a large fraction of fine aerosol at the global scale. Using long-term measurements and a climate model, we investigate anthropogenic impacts on biogenic SOA at both decadal and centennial timescales. Results show that despite reductions in biogenic precursor emissions, SOA has been strongly amplified by anthropogenic emissions since the preindustrial era and exerts a cooling radiative forcing.
Taomou Zong, Zhijun Wu, Junrui Wang, Kai Bi, Wenxu Fang, Yanrong Yang, Xuena Yu, Zhier Bao, Xiangxinyue Meng, Yuheng Zhang, Song Guo, Yang Chen, Chunshan Liu, Yue Zhang, Shao-Meng Li, and Min Hu
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3679–3692, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3679-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3679-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study developed and characterized an indoor chamber system (AIR) to simulate atmospheric multiphase chemistry processes. The AIR chamber can accurately control temperature and relative humidity (RH) over a broad range and simulate diurnal variation of ambient atmospheric RH. The aerosol generation unit can generate organic-coating seed particles with different phase states. The AIR chamber demonstrates high-quality performance in simulating secondary aerosol formation.
Hejun Hu, Haichao Wang, Keding Lu, Jie Wang, Zelong Zheng, Xuezhen Xu, Tianyu Zhai, Xiaorui Chen, Xiao Lu, Wenxing Fu, Xin Li, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, Yuanhang Zhang, and Shaojia Fan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 8211–8223, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8211-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8211-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrate radical chemistry is critical to the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organic aerosol formation. This work investigated the level, seasonal variation, and trend of nitrate radical reactivity towards volatile organic compounds (kNO3) in Beijing. We show the key role of isoprene and styrene in regulating seasonal variation in kNO3 and rebuild a long-term record of kNO3 based on the reported VOC measurements.
Lizi Tang, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang, Xin Fang, Jianjiong Mao, Wanyun Xu, Jiacheng Zhou, Weixiong Zhao, Yaru Wang, Chong Zhang, Yingjie Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Limin Zeng, Chunxiang Ye, Song Guo, and Zhijun Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4343–4359, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4343-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4343-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
There was an evident distinction in the frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events at Nam Co station on the Tibetan Plateau: 15 % in pre-monsoon season and 80 % in monsoon season. The frequent NPF events in monsoon season resulted from the higher frequency of southerly air masses, which brought the organic precursors to participate in the NPF process. It increased the amount of aerosol and CCN compared with those in pre-monsoon season, which may markedly affect earth's radiation balance.
Jingyu An, Cheng Huang, Dandan Huang, Momei Qin, Huan Liu, Rusha Yan, Liping Qiao, Min Zhou, Yingjie Li, Shuhui Zhu, Qian Wang, and Hongli Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 323–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-323-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to build up an approach to establish a high-resolution emission inventory of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds in city-scale and detailed source categories and incorporate it into the CMAQ model. We believe this approach can be widely applied to improve the simulation of secondary organic aerosol and its source contributions.
Weilun Zhao, Gang Zhao, Ying Li, Song Guo, Nan Ma, Lizi Tang, Zirui Zhang, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 6807–6817, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6807-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6807-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A new method to determine black carbon mass size distribution (BCMSD) was proposed using the size-resolved absorption coefficient measured by an aerodynamic aerosol classifier in tandem with an aethalometer. This new method fills the gap in the high-time-resolution measurement of BCMSD ranging from upper submicron particle sizes to larger than 1 µm. This method can be applied to field measurement of BCMSD extensively for better understanding BC aging and better estimating the BC climate effect.
Xun Li, Momei Qin, Lin Li, Kangjia Gong, Huizhong Shen, Jingyi Li, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 14799–14811, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14799-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14799-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Photochemical indicators have been widely used to predict O3–NOx–VOC sensitivity with given thresholds. Here we assessed the effectiveness of four indicators with a case study in the Yangtze River Delta, China. The overall performance was good, while some indicators showed inconsistencies with the O3 isopleths. The methodology used to determine the thresholds may produce uncertainties. These results would improve our understanding of the use of photochemical indicators in policy implications.
Jinjin Sun, Momei Qin, Xiaodong Xie, Wenxing Fu, Yang Qin, Li Sheng, Lin Li, Jingyi Li, Ishaq Dimeji Sulaymon, Lei Jiang, Lin Huang, Xingna Yu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12629–12646, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12629-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12629-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
NO3- has become the dominant and the least reduced chemical component of fine particulate matter in China. NO3- formation is mostly in the NH3-rich regime in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). OH + NO2 contributes 60 %–83 % of the TNO3 production rates, and the N2O5 heterogeneous pathway contributes 10 %–36 %. The N2O5 heterogeneous pathway becomes more important in cold seasons. Local emissions and regional transportation contribute 50 %–62 % and 38 %–50 % to YRD NO3- concentrations, respectively.
Ruiqi Man, Zhijun Wu, Taomou Zong, Aristeidis Voliotis, Yanting Qiu, Johannes Größ, Dominik van Pinxteren, Limin Zeng, Hartmut Herrmann, Alfred Wiedensohler, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12387–12399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12387-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12387-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Regional and total deposition doses for different age groups were quantified based on explicit hygroscopicity measurements. We found that particle hygroscopic growth led to a reduction (~24 %) in the total dose. The deposition rate of hygroscopic particles was higher in the daytime, while hydrophobic particles exhibited a higher rate at night and during rush hours. The results will deepen the understanding of the impact of hygroscopicity and the mixing state on deposition patterns in the lungs.
Gang Zhao, Tianyi Tan, Shuya Hu, Zhuofei Du, Dongjie Shang, Zhijun Wu, Song Guo, Jing Zheng, Wenfei Zhu, Mengren Li, Limin Zeng, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 10861–10873, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon is the second strongest absorbing component in the atmosphere that exerts warming effects on climate. One critical challenge in quantifying the ambient black carbon's radiative effects is addressing the BC microphysical properties. In this study, the microphysical properties of the aged and fresh BC particles are synthetically analyzed under different atmospheres. The measurement results can be further used in models to help constrain the uncertainties of the BC radiative effects.
Kai Song, Song Guo, Yuanzheng Gong, Daqi Lv, Yuan Zhang, Zichao Wan, Tianyu Li, Wenfei Zhu, Hui Wang, Ying Yu, Rui Tan, Ruizhe Shen, Sihua Lu, Shuangde Li, Yunfa Chen, and Min Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 9827–9841, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9827-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-9827-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Emissions from four typical Chinese domestic cooking and fried chicken using four kinds of oils were investigated to illustrate the impact of cooking style and oil. Of the estimated SOA, 10.2 %–32.0 % could be explained by S/IVOC oxidation. Multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) emphasizes the importance of the unsaturated fatty acid-alkadienal volatile product mechanism (oil autoxidation) accelerated by the cooking and heating procedure.
Cuiqi Zhang, Zhijun Wu, Jingchuan Chen, Jie Chen, Lizi Tang, Wenfei Zhu, Xiangyu Pei, Shiyi Chen, Ping Tian, Song Guo, Limin Zeng, Min Hu, and Zamin A. Kanji
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 7539–7556, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7539-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7539-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The immersion ice nucleation effectiveness of aerosols from multiple sources in the urban environment remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that the immersion ice-nucleating particle (INP) concentration increased dramatically during a dust event in an urban atmosphere. Pollutant aerosols, including inorganic salts formed through secondary transformation (SIA) and black carbon (BC), might not act as effective INPs under mixed-phase cloud conditions.
Yuanzheng Gong, Kai Song, Song Guo, Daqi Lv, Yuan Zhang, Zichao Wan, Wenfei Zhu, Hui Wang, Ying Yu, Rui Tan, Ruizhe Shen, Sihua Lu, Shuangde Li, and Yunfa Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-326, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-326, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Herein we applied thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (TD-GCxGC-MS) for synchronous analysis of gaseous and particulate organics emitted from cooking fumes. With a systematic 4-step qualitative procedure and precise quantitative and semi-quantitative method, 170 and 352 compounds from C2 (acetic acids) – C30 (squalene) occupying 95 % and 90 % of the total ion current for gaseous and particulate samples were identified and quantified.
Haoran Zhang, Nan Li, Keqin Tang, Hong Liao, Chong Shi, Cheng Huang, Hongli Wang, Song Guo, Min Hu, Xinlei Ge, Mindong Chen, Zhenxin Liu, Huan Yu, and Jianlin Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 5495–5514, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-5495-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new algorithm with low economic/technique costs to identify primary and secondary components of PM2.5. Our model was shown to be reliable by comparison with different observation datasets. We systematically explored the patterns and changes in the secondary PM2.5 pollution in China at large spatial and time scales. We believe that this method is a promising tool for efficiently estimating primary and secondary PM2.5, and has huge potential for future PM mitigation.
Yun Lin, Yuan Wang, Bowen Pan, Jiaxi Hu, Song Guo, Misti Levy Zamora, Pengfei Tian, Qiong Su, Yuemeng Ji, Jiayun Zhao, Mario Gomez-Hernandez, Min Hu, and Renyi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 4951–4967, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4951-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-4951-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Severe regional haze events, which are characterized by exceedingly high levels of fine particulate matter (PM), occur frequently in many developing countries (such as China and India), with profound implications for human health, weather, and climate. Our work establishes a synthetic view for the dominant regional features during severe haze events, unraveling rapid in situ PM production and inefficient transport, both of which are amplified by atmospheric stagnation.
Elyse A. Pennington, Karl M. Seltzer, Benjamin N. Murphy, Momei Qin, John H. Seinfeld, and Havala O. T. Pye
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18247–18261, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18247-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Volatile chemical products (VCPs) are commonly used consumer and industrial items that contribute to the formation of atmospheric aerosol. We implemented the emissions and chemistry of VCPs in a regional-scale model and compared predictions with measurements made in Los Angeles. Our results reduced model bias and suggest that VCPs may contribute up to half of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol in Los Angeles and are an important source of human-influenced particular matter in urban areas.
Gang Zhao, Tianyi Tan, Yishu Zhu, Min Hu, and Chunsheng Zhao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 18055–18063, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18055-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18055-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, the black carbon (BC) mixing state index (χ) is developed to quantify the dispersion of ambient black carbon aerosol mixing states based on binary systems of BC and other non-black carbon components. We demonstrate that the BC light absorption enhancement increases with χ for the same MR, which indicates that χ can be employed as a factor to constrain the light absorption enhancement of ambient BC.
Ruqian Miao, Qi Chen, Manish Shrivastava, Youfan Chen, Lin Zhang, Jianlin Hu, Yan Zheng, and Keren Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 16183–16201, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16183-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We apply process-based and observation-constrained schemes to simulate organic aerosol in China and conduct comprehensive model–observation comparisons. The results show that anthropogenic semivolatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (SVOCs and IVOCs) are the main sources of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in polluted regions, for which the residential sector is perhaps the predominant contributor. The hydroxyl radical level is also important for SOA modeling in polluted regions.
Zirui Zhang, Wenfei Zhu, Min Hu, Kefan Liu, Hui Wang, Rongzhi Tang, Ruizhe Shen, Ying Yu, Rui Tan, Kai Song, Yuanju Li, Wenbin Zhang, Zhou Zhang, Hongming Xu, Shijin Shuai, Shuangde Li, Yunfa Chen, Jiayun Li, Yuesi Wang, and Song Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15221–15237, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15221-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15221-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We comprehensively investigated the mass growth potential, oxidation degree, formation pathway, and mass spectra features of typical urban-lifestyle secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) including vehicle SOAs and cooking SOAs. The mass spectra we acquired could provide necessary references to estimate the mass fractions of vehicle and cooking SOAs in the atmosphere, which would greatly decrease the uncertainty in air quality evaluation and health risk assessment in urban areas.
Wenfei Zhu, Song Guo, Zirui Zhang, Hui Wang, Ying Yu, Zheng Chen, Ruizhe Shen, Rui Tan, Kai Song, Kefan Liu, Rongzhi Tang, Yi Liu, Shengrong Lou, Yuanju Li, Wenbin Zhang, Zhou Zhang, Shijin Shuai, Hongming Xu, Shuangde Li, Yunfa Chen, Min Hu, Francesco Canonaco, and Andre S. H. Prévôt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15065–15079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15065-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15065-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The experiments of primary emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from urban lifestyle sources (cooking and vehicles) were conducted. The mass spectral features of primary organic aerosol (POA) and SOA were characterized by using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. This work, for the first time, establishes the vehicle and cooking SOA source profiles and can be further used as source constraints in the OA source apportionment in the ambient atmosphere.
Cited articles
Almeida, J., Schobesberger, S., Kurten, A., Ortega, I. K., Kupiainen-Maatta, O., Praplan, A. P., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Downard, A., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Henschel, H., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kajos, M., Kangasluoma, J., Keskinen, H., Kupc, A., Kurten, T., Kvashin, A. N., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M., Leppa, J., Loukonen, V., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., McGrath, M. J., Nieminen, T., Olenius, T., Onnela, A., Petaja, T., Riccobono, F., Riipinen, I., Rissanen, M., Rondo, L., Ruuskanen, T., Santos, F. D., Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Schnitzhofer, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Simon, M., Sipila, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tome, A., Trostl, J., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Vaattovaara, P., Viisanen, Y., Virtanen, A., Vrtala, A., Wagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D., Ye, P., Yli-Juuti, T., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Curtius, J., Baltensperger, U., Worsnop, D. R., Vehkamaki, H., and Kirkby, J.: Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid-amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere, Nature, 502, 359–363, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12663, 2013.
Cai, C., Zhang, X., Wang, K., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, Q., Duan, F., He, K., and Yu, S.-C.: Incorporation of new particle formation and early growth treatments into WRF/Chem: Model improvement, evaluation, and impacts of anthropogenic aerosols over East Asia, Atmos. Environ., 124, 262–284, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.046, 2016.
Cai, R., Yang, D., Fu, Y., Wang, X., Li, X., Ma, Y., Hao, J., Zheng, J., and Jiang, J.: Aerosol surface area concentration: a governing factor in new particle formation in Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12327–12340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12327-2017, 2017.
Cai, R., Yan, C., Yang, D., Yin, R., Lu, Y., Deng, C., Fu, Y., Ruan, J., Li, X., Kontkanen, J., Zhang, Q., Kangasluoma, J., Ma, Y., Hao, J., Worsnop, D. R., Bianchi, F., Paasonen, P., Kerminen, V.-M., Liu, Y., Wang, L., Zheng, J., Kulmala, M., and Jiang, J.: Sulfuric acid–amine nucleation in urban Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2457–2468, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2457-2021, 2021.
Cai, R., Häkkinen, E., Yan, C., Jiang, J., Kulmala, M., and Kangasluoma, J.: The effectiveness of the coagulation sink of 3–10 nm atmospheric particles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11529–11541, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11529-2022, 2022.
Carl, S. A. and Crowley, J. N.: Sequential Two (Blue) Photon Absorption by NO2 in the Presence of H2 as a Source of OH in Pulsed Photolysis Kinetic Studies: Rate Constants for Reaction of OH with CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, and C2H5NH2 at 295 K, J. Phys. Chem. A, 102, 8131–8141, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9821937, 1998.
Chang, Y., Ling, Q., Ge, X., Yuan, X., Zhou, S., Cheng, K., Mao, J., Huang, D., Hu, Q., Lu, J., Cui, S., Gao, Y., Lu, Y., Zhu, L., Tan, W., Guo, S., Hu, M., Wang, H., Huang, C., Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y., and Hu, J.: Nonagricultural emissions enhance dimethylamine and modulate urban atmospheric nucleation, Sci. Bull., 68, 1447–1455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2023.05.033, 2023.
Chen, X., Wang, Z., Li, J., Chen, H., Hu, M., Yang, W., Wang, Z., Ge, B., and Wang, D.: Explaining the spatiotemporal variation of fine particle number concentrations over Beijing and surrounding areas in an air quality model with aerosol microphysics, Environ. Pollut., 231, 1302–1313, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.103, 2017.
Chen, X., Yang, W., Wang, Z., Li, J., Hu, M., An, J., Wu, Q., Wang, Z., Chen, H., Wei, Y., Du, H., and Wang, D.: Improving new particle formation simulation by coupling a volatility-basis set (VBS) organic aerosol module in NAQPMS+APM, Atmos. Environ., 204, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.053, 2019.
Du, W., Dada, L., Zhao, J., Chen, X., Daellenbach, K. R., Xie, C., Wang, W., He, Y., Cai, J., Yao, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Q., Xu, W., Wang, Y., Tang, G., Cheng, X., Kokkonen, T. V., Zhou, W., Yan, C., Chu, B., Zha, Q., Hakala, S., Kurppa, M., Järvi, L., Liu, Y., Li, Z., Ge, M., Fu, P., Nie, W., Bianchi, F., Petäjä, T., Paasonen, P., Wang, Z., Worsnop, D. R., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., and Sun, Y.: A 3D study on the amplification of regional haze and particle growth by local emissions, npj Clim. Atmos. Sci., 4, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-00156-5, 2021.
Dunne, E. M., Gordon, H., Kürten, A., Almeida, J., Duplissy, J., Williamson, C., Ortega, I. K., Pringle, K. J., Adamov, A., Baltensperger, U., Barmet, P., Benduhn, F., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Clarke, A., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Jokinen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Kupc, A., Lawler, M. J., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mann, G., Mathot, S., Merikanto, J., Miettinen, P., Nenes, A., Onnela, A., Rap, A., Reddington, C. L. S., Riccobono, F., Richards, N. A. D., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Sengupta, K., Simon, M., Sipilä, M., Smith, J. N., Stozkhov, Y., Tomé, A., Tröstl, J., Wagner, P. E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Worsnop, D. R., and Carslaw, K. S.: Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements, Science, 354, 1119–1124, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf2649, 2016.
Elleman, R. A. and Covert, D. S.: Aerosol size distribution modeling with the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system in the Pacific Northwest: 2. Parameterizations for ternary nucleation and nucleation mode processes, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D11207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd012187, 2009.
English, J. M., Toon, O. B., Mills, M. J., and Yu, F.: Microphysical simulations of new particle formation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9303–9322, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9303-2011, 2011.
Fan, J., Zhang, R., Collins, D., and Li, G.: Contribution of secondary condensable organics to new particle formation: A case study in Houston, Texas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gl026295, 2006.
Feng, Z., Mao, J., Jiang, L., Qian, Y., Shang, D., Guo, S., Hu, M., and Hu, J.: Impacts of dimethylamine emissions on particle number concentration and cloud condensation nuclei in Beijing, npj Clean Air, 1, 11, https://doi.org/10.1038/s44407-025-00011-y, 2025.
Fountoukis, C., Riipinen, I., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Charalampidis, P. E., Pilinis, C., Wiedensohler, A., O'Dowd, C., Putaud, J. P., Moerman, M., and Pandis, S. N.: Simulating ultrafine particle formation in Europe using a regional CTM: contribution of primary emissions versus secondary formation to aerosol number concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8663–8677, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8663-2012, 2012.
Fuzzi, S., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K., Decesari, S., Denier van der Gon, H., Facchini, M. C., Fowler, D., Koren, I., Langford, B., Lohmann, U., Nemitz, E., Pandis, S., Riipinen, I., Rudich, Y., Schaap, M., Slowik, J. G., Spracklen, D. V., Vignati, E., Wild, M., Williams, M., and Gilardoni, S.: Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8217–8299, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8217-2015, 2015.
Gordon, H., Kirkby, J., Baltensperger, U., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Curtius, J., Dias, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Dunne, E. M., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Frege, C., Fuchs, C., Hansel, A., Hoyle, C. R., Kulmala, M., Kürten, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Molteni, U., Rissanen, M. P., Stozkhov, Y., Tröstl, J., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Wagner, R., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Yan, C., and Carslaw, K. S.: Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present-day and preindustrial atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 8739–8760, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd026844, 2017.
Guenther, A. B., Jiang, X., Heald, C. L., Sakulyanontvittaya, T., Duhl, T., Emmons, L. K., and Wang, X.: The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1): an extended and updated framework for modeling biogenic emissions, Geosci. Model Dev., 5, 1471–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1471-2012, 2012.
Gunnar, W. S. and Paul, J. C.: Emission of Aliphatic Amines from Animal Husbandry and their Reactions: Potential Source of N2O and HCN, J. Atmos. Chem., 22, 319–346, 1995.
Guo, S., Hu, M., Zamora, M. L., Peng, J., Shang, D., Zheng, J., Du, Z., Wu, Z., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Molina, M. J., and Zhang, R.: Elucidating severe urban haze formation in China, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 111, 17373–17378, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419604111, 2014.
Guo, S., Hu, M., Peng, J., Wu, Z., Zamora, M. L., Shang, D., Du, Z., Zheng, J., Fang, X., Tang, R., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Shuai, S., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Ji, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, A. L., Wang, W., Zhang, F., Zhao, J., Gong, X., Wang, C., Molina, M. J., and Zhang, R.: Remarkable nucleation and growth of ultrafine particles from vehicular exhaust, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 117, 3427–3432, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916366117, 2020.
Hu, J., Chen, J., Ying, Q., and Zhang, H.: One-year simulation of ozone and particulate matter in China using WRF/CMAQ modeling system, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10333–10350, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10333-2016, 2016.
Hu, J., Huang, L., Chen, M., Liao, H., Zhang, H., Wang, S., Zhang, Q., and Ying, Q.: Premature Mortality Attributable to Particulate Matter in China: Source Contributions and Responses to Reductions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 9950–9959, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03193, 2017a.
Hu, J., Li, X., Huang, L., Ying, Q., Zhang, Q., Zhao, B., Wang, S., and Zhang, H.: Ensemble prediction of air quality using the WRF/CMAQ model system for health effect studies in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13103–13118, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13103-2017, 2017b.
Huang, Y., Deng, T., Li, Z., Wang, N., Yin, C., Wang, S., and Fan, S.: Numerical simulations for the sources apportionment and control strategies of PM2.5 over Pearl River Delta, China, part I: Inventory and PM2.5 sources apportionment, Sci. Total Environ., 634, 1631–1644, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.208, 2018.
Julin, J., Murphy, B. N., Patoulias, D., Fountoukis, C., Olenius, T., Pandis, S. N., and Riipinen, I.: Impacts of Future European Emission Reductions on Aerosol Particle Number Concentrations Accounting for Effects of Ammonia, Amines, and Organic Species, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 692–700, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05122, 2018.
Kirkby, J., Duplissy, J., Sengupta, K., Frege, C., Gordon, H., Williamson, C., Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Yan, C., Almeida, J., Trostl, J., Nieminen, T., Ortega, I. K., Wagner, R., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bernhammer, A. K., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Chen, X., Craven, J., Dias, A., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Kim, J., Krapf, M., Kurten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Molteni, U., Onnela, A., Perakyla, O., Piel, F., Petaja, T., Praplan, A. P., Pringle, K., Rap, A., Richards, N. A., Riipinen, I., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Scott, C. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipila, M., Steiner, G., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tome, A., Virtanen, A., Vogel, A. L., Wagner, A. C., Wagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Ye, P., Zhang, X., Hansel, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., Carslaw, K. S., and Curtius, J.: Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles, Nature, 533, 521–526, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17953, 2016.
Kirkby, J., Amorim, A., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K. S., Christoudias, T., Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M., Haddad, I. E., Flagan, R. C., Gordon, H., Hansel, A., Harder, H., Junninen, H., Kulmala, M., Kürten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Lelieveld, J., Möhler, O., Riipinen, I., Stratmann, F., Tomé, A., Virtanen, A., Volkamer, R., Winkler, P. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Atmospheric new particle formation from the CERN CLOUD experiment, Nat. Geosci., 16, 948–957, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01305-0, 2023.
Kontkanen, J., Stolzenburg, D., Olenius, T., Yan, C., Dada, L., Ahonen, L., Simon, M., Lehtipalo, K., and Riipinen, I.: What controls the observed size-dependency of the growth rates of sub-10 nm atmospheric particles?, Environ. Sci. Atmos., 2, 449–468, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ea00103e, 2022.
Kulmala, M., Laaksonen, A., and Pirjola, L.: Parameterizations for sulfuric acid/water nucleation rates, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 103, 8301–8307, https://doi.org/10.1029/97jd03718, 1998.
Kulmala, M., Asmi, A., Lappalainen, H. K., Baltensperger, U., Brenguier, J.-L., Facchini, M. C., Hansson, H.-C., Hov, Ø., O'Dowd, C. D., Pöschl, U., Wiedensohler, A., Boers, R., Boucher, O., de Leeuw, G., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Feichter, J., Krejci, R., Laj, P., Lihavainen, H., Lohmann, U., McFiggans, G., Mentel, T., Pilinis, C., Riipinen, I., Schulz, M., Stohl, A., Swietlicki, E., Vignati, E., Alves, C., Amann, M., Ammann, M., Arabas, S., Artaxo, P., Baars, H., Beddows, D. C. S., Bergström, R., Beukes, J. P., Bilde, M., Burkhart, J. F., Canonaco, F., Clegg, S. L., Coe, H., Crumeyrolle, S., D'Anna, B., Decesari, S., Gilardoni, S., Fischer, M., Fjaeraa, A. M., Fountoukis, C., George, C., Gomes, L., Halloran, P., Hamburger, T., Harrison, R. M., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Hoose, C., Hu, M., Hyvärinen, A., Hõrrak, U., Iinuma, Y., Iversen, T., Josipovic, M., Kanakidou, M., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kirkevåg, A., Kiss, G., Klimont, Z., Kolmonen, P., Komppula, M., Kristjánsson, J.-E., Laakso, L., Laaksonen, A., Labonnote, L., Lanz, V. A., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Rizzo, L. V., Makkonen, R., Manninen, H. E., McMeeking, G., Merikanto, J., Minikin, A., Mirme, S., Morgan, W. T., Nemitz, E., O'Donnell, D., Panwar, T. S., Pawlowska, H., Petzold, A., Pienaar, J. J., Pio, C., Plass-Duelmer, C., Prévôt, A. S. H., Pryor, S., Reddington, C. L., Roberts, G., Rosenfeld, D., Schwarz, J., Seland, Ø., Sellegri, K., Shen, X. J., Shiraiwa, M., Siebert, H., Sierau, B., Simpson, D., Sun, J. Y., Topping, D., Tunved, P., Vaattovaara, P., Vakkari, V., Veefkind, J. P., Visschedijk, A., Vuollekoski, H., Vuolo, R., Wehner, B., Wildt, J., Woodward, S., Worsnop, D. R., van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Zardini, A. A., Zhang, K., van Zyl, P. G., Kerminen, V.-M., S Carslaw, K., and Pandis, S. N.: General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) – integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 13061–13143, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13061-2011, 2011.
Kulmala, M., Cai, R., Stolzenburg, D., Zhou, Y., Dada, L., Guo, Y., Yan, C., Petaja, T., Jiang, J., and Kerminen, V. M.: The contribution of new particle formation and subsequent growth to haze formation, Environ. Sci. Atmos., 2, 352–361, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ea00096a, 2022.
Kurokawa, J. and Ohara, T.: Long-term historical trends in air pollutant emissions in Asia: Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) version 3, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 12761–12793, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12761-2020, 2020.
Kurten, A., Jokinen, T., Simon, M., Sipila, M., Sarnela, N., Junninen, H., Adamov, A., Almeida, J., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Hutterli, M., Kangasluoma, J., Kirkby, J., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Onnela, A., Petaja, T., Praplan, A. P., Riccobono, F., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Schobesberger, S., Seinfeld, J. H., Steiner, G., Tome, A., Trostl, J., Winkler, P. M., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D., Ye, P., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., and Curtius, J.: Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric acid-dimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 111, 15019–15024, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1404853111, 2014.
Laakso, L.: Model studies on ion-induced nucleation in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4427, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002140, 2002.
Lai, S., Hai, S., Gao, Y., Wang, Y., Sheng, L., Lupascu, A., Ding, A., Nie, W., Qi, X., Huang, X., Chi, X., Zhao, C., Zhao, B., Shrivastava, M., Fast, J. D., Yao, X., and Gao, H.: The striking effect of vertical mixing in the planetary boundary layer on new particle formation in the Yangtze River Delta, Sci. Total Environ., 829, 154607, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154607, 2022.
Lee, S. H., Gordon, H., Yu, H., Lehtipalo, K., Haley, R., Li, Y., and Zhang, R.: New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 124, 7098–7146, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029356, 2019.
Li, J., Xie, X., Li, L., Wang, X., Wang, H., Jing, S. A., Ying, Q., Qin, M., and Hu, J.: Fate of Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds in the Yangtze River Delta Region: Source Contributions and Impacts on the Atmospheric Oxidation Capacity, Environmental Science & Technology, 56, 11212–11224, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c00038, 2022a.
Li, X., Zhao, B., Zhou, W., Shi, H., Yin, R., Cai, R., Yang, D., Dällenbach, K., Deng, C., Fu, Y., Qiao, X., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Yan, C., Kulmala, M., Zheng, J., Hao, J., Wang, S., and Jiang, J.: Responses of gaseous sulfuric acid and particulate sulfate to reduced SO2 concentration: A perspective from long-term measurements in Beijing, Science of The Total Environment, 721, 137700, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137700, 2020.
Li, X., Li, Y., Cai, R., Yan, C., Qiao, X., Guo, Y., Deng, C., Yin, R., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Yao, L., Sarnela, N., Zhang, Y., Petaja, T., Bianchi, F., Liu, Y., Kulmala, M., Hao, J., Smith, J. N., and Jiang, J.: Insufficient Condensable Organic Vapors Lead to Slow Growth of New Particles in an Urban Environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 9936–9946, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c01566, 2022b.
Li, Z., Zhao, B., Yin, D., Wang, S., Qiao, X., Jiang, J., Li, Y., Shen, J., He, Y., Chang, X., Li, X., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Liu, C., Qi, X., Chen, L., Chi, X., Jiang, Y., Li, Y., Wu, J., Nie, W., and Ding, A.: Modeling the Formation of Organic Compounds across Full Volatility Ranges and Their Contribution to Nanoparticle Growth in a Polluted Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 58, 1223–1235, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c06708, 2024.
Liu, J., Jiang, J., Zhang, Q., Deng, J., and Hao, J.: A spectrometer for measuring particle size distributions in the range of 3 nm to 10 µm, Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 10, 63–72, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-014-0754-x, 2014.
Liu, L., Yu, F., Du, L., Yang, Z., Francisco, J. S., and Zhang, X.: Rapid sulfuric acid-dimethylamine nucleation enhanced by nitric acid in polluted regions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 118, e2108384118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108384118, 2021a.
Liu, L., Yu, F., Tu, K., Yang, Z., and Zhang, X.: Influence of atmospheric conditions on the role of trifluoroacetic acid in atmospheric sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6221–6230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6221-2021, 2021b.
Liu, L., Guo, S., Zhao, Z., and Li, H.: Free Energy Prediction of Ion-Induced Nucleation of Aqueous Aerosols, J. Phys. Chem. A, 126, 2407–2416, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09787, 2022.
Loukonen, V., Kurtén, T., Ortega, I. K., Vehkamäki, H., Pádua, A. A. H., Sellegri, K., and Kulmala, M.: Enhancing effect of dimethylamine in sulfuric acid nucleation in the presence of water – a computational study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4961–4974, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4961-2010, 2010.
Lu, Y., Yan, C., Fu, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Yang, G., Wang, Y., Bianchi, F., Chu, B., Zhou, Y., Yin, R., Baalbaki, R., Garmash, O., Deng, C., Wang, W., Liu, Y., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Jiang, J., Kulmala, M., and Wang, L.: A proxy for atmospheric daytime gaseous sulfuric acid concentration in urban Beijing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1971–1983, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1971-2019, 2019.
Lu, Y., Liu, L., Ning, A., Yang, G., Liu, Y., Kurtén, T., Vehkamäki, H., Zhang, X., and Wang, L.: Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid-Dimethylamine Nucleation Enhanced by Trifluoroacetic Acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47, e2019GL085627, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl085627, 2020.
Ma, L., Zhu, Y., Zheng, M., Sun, Y., Huang, L., Liu, X., Gao, Y., Shen, Y., Gao, H., and Yao, X.: Investigating three patterns of new particles growing to the size of cloud condensation nuclei in Beijing's urban atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 183–200, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-183-2021, 2021.
Mao, J.: New particle formation and long-term trend modeling number concentration in Chinese typical cities, M.S. thesis, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China, 77 pp., 2023.
Mao, J. and Hu, J.: Code: Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) version 5.3.2 with Ion Mediated Nucleation and sulfuric acid-dimethylamine Nucleation, Zenodo [code], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15739718, 2025.
Mao, J., Li, L., Li, J., Sulaymon, I. D., Xiong, K., Wang, K., Zhu, J., Chen, G., Ye, F., Zhang, N., Qin, Y., Qin, M., and Hu, J.: Evaluation of Long-Term Modeling Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone in China During 2013–2019, Front. Environ. Sci., 10, 872249, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.872249, 2022.
Merikanto, J., Napari, I., Vehkamäki, H., Anttila, T., and Kulmala, M.: New parameterization of sulfuric acid-ammonia-water ternary nucleation rates at tropospheric conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D15207, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007977, 2007.
Napari, I.: Parametrization of ternary nucleation rates for H2SO4-NH3-H2O vapors, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4381, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002132, 2002.
Napari, I., Noppel, M., Vehkamäki, H., and Kulmala, M.: An improved model for ternary nucleation of sulfuric acid–ammonia–water, J. Chem. Phys., 116, 4221–4227, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1450557, 2002.
Ning, A., Shen, J., Zhao, B., Wang, S., Cai, R., Jiang, J., Yan, C., Fu, X., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Ouyang, D., Sun, Y., Saiz-Lopez, A., Francisco, J. S., and Zhang, X.: Overlooked significance of iodic acid in new particle formation in the continental atmosphere, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 121, e2404595121, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2404595121, 2024.
Olenius, T., Halonen, R., Kurtén, T., Henschel, H., Kupiainen-Määttä, O., Ortega, I. K., Jen, C. N., Vehkamäki, H., and Riipinen, I.: New particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines: Comparison of monomethylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 7103–7118, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd026501, 2017.
Olin, M., Patoulias, D., Kuuluvainen, H., Niemi, J. V., Rönkkö, T., Pandis, S. N., Riipinen, I., and Dal Maso, M.: Contribution of traffic-originated nanoparticle emissions to regional and local aerosol levels, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1131–1148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-1131-2022, 2022.
Peng, J., Hu, M., Shang, D., Wu, Z., Du, Z., Tan, T., Wang, Y., Zhang, F., and Zhang, R.: Explosive Secondary Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze in the North China Plain, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 2189–2207, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07204, 2021.
Posner, L. N. and Pandis, S. N.: Sources of ultrafine particles in the Eastern United States, Atmos. Environ., 111, 103–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.03.033, 2015.
Qi, X. M., Ding, A. J., Nie, W., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Herrmann, E., Xie, Y. N., Zheng, L. F., Manninen, H., Aalto, P., Sun, J. N., Xu, Z. N., Chi, X. G., Huang, X., Boy, M., Virkkula, A., Yang, X.-Q., Fu, C. B., and Kulmala, M.: Aerosol size distribution and new particle formation in the western Yangtze River Delta of China: 2 years of measurements at the SORPES station, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12445–12464, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-12445-2015, 2015.
Qin, M., She, Y., Wang, M., Wang, H., Chang, Y., Tan, Z., An, J., Huang, J., Yuan, Z., Lu, J., Wang, Q., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Xie, X., Li, J., Liao, H., Pye, H. O. T., Huang, C., Guo, S., Hu, M., Zhang, Y., Jacob, D. J., and Hu, J.: Increased urban ozone in heatwaves due to temperature-induced emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds, Nature Geoscience, 18, 50–56, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01608-w, 2025.
Riccobono, F., Schobesberger, S., Scott, C. E., Dommen, J., Ortega, I. K., Rondo, L., Almeida, J., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Downard, A., Dunne, E. M., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Hansel, A., Junninen, H., Kajos, M., Keskinen, H., Kupc, A., Kurten, A., Kvashin, A. N., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Petaja, T., Praplan, A. P., Santos, F. D., Schallhart, S., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipila, M., Spracklen, D. V., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tome, A., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Vaattovaara, P., Viisanen, Y., Vrtala, A., Wagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Wimmer, D., Carslaw, K. S., Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., and Baltensperger, U.: Oxidation products of biogenic emissions contribute to nucleation of atmospheric particles, Science, 344, 717–721, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1243527, 2014.
Ruusuvuori, K., Hietala, P., Kupiainen-Määttä, O., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Sipilä, M., Kurtén, T., and Vehkamäki, H.: The charging of neutral dimethylamine and dimethylamine–sulfuric acid clusters using protonated acetone, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 2577–2588, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2577-2015, 2015.
Shen, J., Zhao, B., Wang, S., Ning, A., Li, Y., Cai, R., Gao, D., Chu, B., Gao, Y., Shrivastava, M., Jiang, J., Zhang, X., and He, H.: Cluster-dynamics-based parameterization for sulfuric acid–dimethylamine nucleation: comparison and selection through box and three-dimensional modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10261–10278, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10261-2024, 2024.
Sipilä, M., Berndt, T., Petäjä, T., Brus, D., Vanhanen, J., Stratmann, F., Patokoski, J., Mauldin, R. L., Hyvärinen, A.-P., Lihavainen, H., and Kulmala, M.: The Role of Sulfuric Acid in Atmospheric Nucleation, Science, 327, 1243–1246, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180315, 2010.
Usoskin, I. G. and Kovaltsov, G. A.: Cosmic ray induced ionization in the atmosphere: Full modeling and practical applications, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007150, 2006.
Vehkamäki, H.: An improved parameterization for sulfuric acid–water nucleation rates for tropospheric and stratospheric conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4622, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002184, 2002.
Wang, D., Guo, H., Cheung, K., and Gan, F.: Observation of nucleation mode particle burst and new particle formation events at an urban site in Hong Kong, Atmos. Environ., 99, 196–205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.074, 2014.
Wang, G., Zhang, R., Gomez, M. E., Yang, L., Levy Zamora, M., Hu, M., Lin, Y., Peng, J., Guo, S., Meng, J., Li, J., Cheng, C., Hu, T., Ren, Y., Wang, Y., Gao, J., Cao, J., An, Z., Zhou, W., Li, G., Wang, J., Tian, P., Marrero-Ortiz, W., Secrest, J., Du, Z., Zheng, J., Shang, D., Zeng, L., Shao, M., Wang, W., Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Li, Y., Hu, J., Pan, B., Cai, L., Cheng, Y., Ji, Y., Zhang, F., Rosenfeld, D., Liss, P. S., Duce, R. A., Kolb, C. E., and Molina, M. J.: Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 113, 13630–13635, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616540113, 2016.
Wang, J., Li, M., Li, L., Zheng, R., Fan, X., Hong, Y., Xu, L., Chen, J., and Hu, B.: Particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Xiamen, the coastal city of Southeast China in wintertime, Sci. Total Environ., 826, 154208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154208, 2022a.
Wang, K., Ma, X., Tian, R., and Yu, F.: Analysis of new particle formation events and comparisons to simulations of particle number concentrations based on GEOS-Chem–advanced particle microphysics in Beijing, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4091–4104, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4091-2023, 2023.
Wang, M., Xiao, M., Bertozzi, B., Marie, G., Rorup, B., Schulze, B., Bardakov, R., He, X. C., Shen, J., Scholz, W., Marten, R., Dada, L., Baalbaki, R., Lopez, B., Lamkaddam, H., Manninen, H. E., Amorim, A., Ataei, F., Bogert, P., Brasseur, Z., Caudillo, L., De Menezes, L. P., Duplissy, J., Ekman, A. M. L., Finkenzeller, H., Carracedo, L. G., Granzin, M., Guida, R., Heinritzi, M., Hofbauer, V., Hohler, K., Korhonen, K., Krechmer, J. E., Kurten, A., Lehtipalo, K., Mahfouz, N. G. A., Makhmutov, V., Massabo, D., Mathot, S., Mauldin, R. L., Mentler, B., Muller, T., Onnela, A., Petaja, T., Philippov, M., Piedehierro, A. A., Pozzer, A., Ranjithkumar, A., Schervish, M., Schobesberger, S., Simon, M., Stozhkov, Y., Tome, A., Umo, N. S., Vogel, F., Wagner, R., Wang, D. S., Weber, S. K., Welti, A., Wu, Y., Zauner-Wieczorek, M., Sipila, M., Winkler, P. M., Hansel, A., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., Flagan, R. C., Curtius, J., Riipinen, I., Gordon, H., Lelieveld, J., El-Haddad, I., Volkamer, R., Worsnop, D. R., Christoudias, T., Kirkby, J., Mohler, O., and Donahue, N. M.: Synergistic HNO3-H2SO4-NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation, Nature, 605, 483–489, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04605-4, 2022b.
Wang, X., Li, L., Gong, K., Mao, J., Hu, J., Li, J., Liu, Z., Liao, H., Qiu, W., Yu, Y., Dong, H., Guo, S., Hu, M., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Modelling air quality during the EXPLORE-YRD campaign – Part I. Model performance evaluation and impacts of meteorological inputs and grid resolutions, Atmos. Environ., 246, 118131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118131, 2021a.
Wang, Z., Hu, M., Pei, X., Zhang, R., Paasonen, P., Zheng, J., Yue, D., Wu, Z., Boy, M., and Wiedensohler, A.: Connection of organics to atmospheric new particle formation and growth at an urban site of Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 103, 7–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.069, 2015.
Wang, Z., Wu, Z., Yue, D., Shang, D., Guo, S., Sun, J., Ding, A., Wang, L., Jiang, J., Guo, H., Gao, J., Cheung, H. C., Morawska, L., Keywood, M., and Hu, M.: New particle formation in China: Current knowledge and further directions, Sci. Total Environ., 577, 258–266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.177, 2017.
Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Jiang, S., Feng, Y., Huang, T., and Huang, W.: Multicomponent nucleation of malonic acid involved in the sulfuric acid–dimethylamine system and its atmospheric implications, Atmos. Environ., 267, 118558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118558, 2021b.
Wiedinmyer, C., Akagi, S. K., Yokelson, R. J., Emmons, L. K., Al-Saadi, J. A., Orlando, J. J., and Soja, A. J.: The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning, Geosci. Model Dev., 4, 625–641, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-4-625-2011, 2011.
Wu, Z., Hu, M., Liu, S., Wehner, B., Bauer, S., Ma ßling, A., Wiedensohler, A., Petäjä, T., Dal Maso, M., and Kulmala, M.: New particle formation in Beijing, China: Statistical analysis of a 1 year data set, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007406, 2007.
Yan, C., Dada, L., Rose, C., Jokinen, T., Nie, W., Schobesberger, S., Junninen, H., Lehtipalo, K., Sarnela, N., Makkonen, U., Garmash, O., Wang, Y., Zha, Q., Paasonen, P., Bianchi, F., Sipilä, M., Ehn, M., Petäjä, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Worsnop, D. R., and Kulmala, M.: The role of H2SO4-NH3 anion clusters in ion-induced aerosol nucleation mechanisms in the boreal forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 13231–13243, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13231-2018, 2018.
Yan, C., Yin, R., Lu, Y., Dada, L., Yang, D., Fu, Y., Kontkanen, J., Deng, C., Garmash, O., Ruan, J., Baalbaki, R., Schervish, M., Cai, R., Bloss, M., Chan, T., Chen, T., Chen, Q., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chu, B., Dällenbach, K., Foreback, B., He, X., Heikkinen, L., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Kokkonen, T., Kurppa, M., Lehtipalo, K., Li, H., Li, H., Li, X., Liu, Y., Ma, Q., Paasonen, P., Rantala, P., Pileci, R. E., Rusanen, A., Sarnela, N., Simonen, P., Wang, S., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Xue, M., Yang, G., Yao, L., Zhou, Y., Kujansuu, J., Petäjä, T., Nie, W., Ma, Y., Ge, M., He, H., Donahue, N. M., Worsnop, D. R., Veli-Matti, K., Wang, L., Liu, Y., Zheng, J., Kulmala, M., Jiang, J., and Bianchi, F.: The Synergistic Role of Sulfuric Acid, Bases, and Oxidized Organics Governing New-Particle Formation in Beijing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL091944, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl091944, 2021.
Yang, X., Wu, Q., Zhao, R., Cheng, H., He, H., Ma, Q., Wang, L., and Luo, H.: New method for evaluating winter air quality: PM2.5 assessment using Community Multi-Scale Air Quality Modeling (CMAQ) in Xi'an, Atmos. Environ., 211, 18–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.04.019, 2019.
Yao, L., Garmash, O., Bianchi, F., Zheng, J. , Yan, C., Kontkanen, J., Junninen, H., Mazon, S. B., Ehn M., Paasonen, P., Sipilä, M., Wang, M., Wang, X., Xiao, S., Chen, H., Lu, Y., Zhang, B., Wang, D., Fu, Q., Geng, F., Li, L., Wang, H., Qiao, L., Yang, X., Chen, J., Kerminen, V.-M., Petäjä, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., and Wang, L.: Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity, Science, 361, 278–281, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao4839, 2018.
Yu, F.: Altitude variations of cosmic ray induced production of aerosols: Implications for global cloudiness and climate, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 1118, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001ja000248, 2002.
Yu, F.: Binary H2SO4-H2O homogeneous nucleation based on kinetic quasi-unary nucleation model: Look-up tables, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D04201, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jd006358, 2006a.
Yu, F.: From molecular clusters to nanoparticles: second-generation ion-mediated nucleation model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5193–5211, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5193-2006, 2006.
Yu, F.: Improved quasi-unary nucleation model for binary H2SO4-H2O homogeneous nucleation, J. Chem. Phys., 127, 054301, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2752171, 2007.
Yu, F.: Ion-mediated nucleation in the atmosphere: Key controlling parameters, implications, and look-up table, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D03206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd012630, 2010.
Yu, F. and Luo, G.: Modeling of gaseous methylamines in the global atmosphere: impacts of oxidation and aerosol uptake, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12455–12464, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12455-2014, 2014.
Yu, F. and Turco, R. P.: The role of ions in the formation and evolution of particles in aircraft plumes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1927–1930, https://doi.org/10.1029/97gl01822, 1997.
Yu, F. and Turco, R. P.: Ultrafine aerosol formation via ion-mediated nucleation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 883–886, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl011151, 2000.
Yu, F. and Turco, R. P.: From molecular clusters to nanoparticles: Role of ambient ionization in tropospheric aerosol formation, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 106, 4797–4814, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jd900539, 2001.
Yu, F., Wang, Z., Luo, G., and Turco, R.: Ion-mediated nucleation as an important global source of tropospheric aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2537–2554, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2537-2008, 2008.
Yu, F., Luo, G., Bates, T. S., Anderson, B., Clarke, A., Kapustin, V., Yantosca, R. M., Wang, Y., and Wu, S.: Spatial distributions of particle number concentrations in the global troposphere: Simulations, observations, and implications for nucleation mechanisms, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D17205, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd013473, 2010.
Yu, H., Ren, L., and Kanawade, V. P.: New Particle Formation and Growth Mechanisms in Highly Polluted Environments, Curr. Pollut. Rep., 3, 245–253, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-017-0067-3, 2017.
Yu, F., Nadykto, A. B., Herb, J., Luo, G., Nazarenko, K. M., and Uvarova, L. A.: H2SO4–H2O–NH3 ternary ion-mediated nucleation (TIMN): kinetic-based model and comparison with CLOUD measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 17451–17474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17451-2018, 2018.
Yu, F., Luo, G., Nair, A. A., Schwab, J. J., Sherman, J. P., and Zhang, Y.: Wintertime new particle formation and its contribution to cloud condensation nuclei in the Northeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2591–2601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2591-2020, 2020a.
Yu, F., Nadykto, A. B., Luo, G., and Herb, J.: H2SO4–H2O binary and H2SO4–H2O–NH3 ternary homogeneous and ion-mediated nucleation: lookup tables version 1.0 for 3-D modeling application, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 2663–2670, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2663-2020, 2020b.
Zhang, J., Gong, X., Crosbie, E., Diskin, G., Froyd, K., Hall, S., Kupc, A., Moore, R., Peischl, J., Rollins, A., Schwarz, J., Shook, M., Thompson, C., Ullmann, K., Williamson, C., Wisthaler, A., Xu, L., Ziemba, L., Brock, C. A., and Wang, J.: Stratospheric air intrusions promote global-scale new particle formation, Science, 385, 210–216, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adn2961, 2024.
Zhang, R., Suh, I., Zhao, J., Zhang, D., Fortner, E. C., Tie, X., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Atmospheric New Particle Formation Enhanced by Organic Acids, Science, 304, 1487–1490, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1095139, 2004.
Zhang, R., Khalizov, A., Wang, L., Hu, M., and Xu, W.: Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in the atmosphere, Chem. Rev., 112, 1957–2011, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2001756, 2012.
Zhang, R., Xie, H. B., Ma, F., Chen, J., Iyer, S., Simon, M., Heinritzi, M., Shen, J., Tham, Y. J., Kurten, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., Sipila, M., Kulmala, M., and He, X. C.: Critical Role of Iodous Acid in Neutral Iodine Oxoacid Nucleation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 14166–14177, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c04328, 2022.
Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Liu, X., Jacobson, M. Z., McMurry, P. H., Yu, F., Yu, S., and Schere, K. L.: A comparative study of nucleation parameterizations: 2. Three-dimensional model application and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20213, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014151, 2010a.
Zhang, Y., Liu, P., Liu, X., Pun, B., Seigneur, C., Jacobson, M. Z., and Wang, W.: Fine scale modeling of wintertime aerosol mass, number, and size distributions in central California, J. Geophys. Res., 115, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jd012950, 2010b.
Zhang, Y., McMurry, P. H., Yu, F., and Jacobson, M. Z.: A comparative study of nucleation parameterizations: 1. Examination and evaluation of the formulations, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20212, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014150, 2010c.
Zhao, B., Fast, J. D., Donahue, N. M., Shrivastava, M., Schervish, M., Shilling, J. E., Gordon, H., Wang, J., Gao, Y., Zaveri, R. A., Liu, Y., and Gaudet, B.: Impact of Urban Pollution on Organic-Mediated New-Particle Formation and Particle Number Concentration in the Amazon Rainforest, Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, 4357–4367, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07465, 2021a.
Zhao, B., Donahue, N. M., Zhang, K., Mao, L., Shrivastava, M., Ma, P., Shen, J., Wang, S., Sun, J., Gordon, H., Tang, S., Fast, J., Wang, M., Gao, Y., Yan, C., Singh, B., Li, Z., Huang, L., Lou, S., Lin, G., Wang, H., Jiang, J., Ding, A., Nie, W. I., Qi, X., Chi, X., and Wang, L.: Global variability in atmospheric new particle formation mechanisms, Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07547-1, 2024.
Zhao, G., Zhu, Y., Wu, Z., Zong, T., Chen, J., Tan, T., Wang, H., Fang, X., Lu, K., Zhao, C., and Hu, M.: Impact of aerosol–radiation interaction on new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9995–10004, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9995-2021, 2021b.
Zheng, B., Tong, D., Li, M., Liu, F., Hong, C., Geng, G., Li, H., Li, X., Peng, L., Qi, J., Yan, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, Y., He, K., and Zhang, Q.: Trends in China's anthropogenic emissions since 2010 as the consequence of clean air actions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14095–14111, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14095-2018, 2018.
Short summary
Tiny air particles impact air quality and climate change. Our study improved their prediction in eastern cities by modeling two key formation processes: ions + sulfuric acid + ammonia (daytime) and sulfuric acid + dimethylamine (morning/evening). This improved model increases predictions by 36–84 % in Beijing and Nanjing. These advancements enable better demonstrate how these chemical processes significantly influence China eastern cities' particulate pollution.
Tiny air particles impact air quality and climate change. Our study improved their prediction in...
