Geoscientific Model Development
Geoscientific Model Development
GMD
Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5143-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5143-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 18, issue 16
Model description paper
 | 
25 Aug 2025
Model description paper |  | 25 Aug 2025

TROLL 4.0: representing water and carbon fluxes, leaf phenology, and intraspecific trait variation in a mixed-species individual-based forest dynamics model – Part 1: Model description

Isabelle Maréchaux, Fabian Jörg Fischer, Sylvain Schmitt, and Jérôme Chave

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Latest update: 28 Oct 2025
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Short summary
We describe TROLL 4.0, a simulator of forest dynamics that represents trees in a virtual space at 1 m resolution. Tree birth, growth, and death and the underlying physiological processes such as carbon assimilation, water transpiration, and leaf phenology depend on plant traits that are measured in the field for many individuals and species. The model is thus capable of jointly simulating forest structure, diversity, and ecosystem functioning, a major challenge in modelling vegetation dynamics.
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