Articles | Volume 17, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
GLOBGM v1.0: a parallel implementation of a 30 arcsec PCR-GLOBWB-MODFLOW global-scale groundwater model
Jarno Verkaik
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Edwin H. Sutanudjaja
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink
Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Hai Xiang Lin
Department of Applied Mathematical Analysis, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
Marc F. P. Bierkens
Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Unit Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Deltares, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Viewed
Total article views: 8,642 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Dec 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6,474 | 2,020 | 148 | 8,642 | 426 | 169 | 221 |
- HTML: 6,474
- PDF: 2,020
- XML: 148
- Total: 8,642
- Supplement: 426
- BibTeX: 169
- EndNote: 221
Total article views: 6,839 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Jan 2024)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,532 | 1,194 | 113 | 6,839 | 265 | 145 | 197 |
- HTML: 5,532
- PDF: 1,194
- XML: 113
- Total: 6,839
- Supplement: 265
- BibTeX: 145
- EndNote: 197
Total article views: 1,803 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Dec 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 942 | 826 | 35 | 1,803 | 161 | 24 | 24 |
- HTML: 942
- PDF: 826
- XML: 35
- Total: 1,803
- Supplement: 161
- BibTeX: 24
- EndNote: 24
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 8,642 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 8,325 with geography defined
and 317 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 6,839 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 6,601 with geography defined
and 238 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,803 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,724 with geography defined
and 79 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Using random forests to explore the feasibility of groundwater knowledge transfer between the contiguous US and Denmark Y. Ma et al.
- Three-dimensional identification and attribution of flash and slow agricultural droughts in the North China Plain Y. Ding et al.
- Global estimates of groundwater withdrawal trends and uncertainties S. Nazari et al.
- A coupled land use change-ecohydrological model for multi-seasonal arid agricultural systems: an Egyptian case study A. Sattar et al.
- Hyper-resolution large-scale hydrological modelling benefits from improved process representation in mountain regions J. Janzing et al.
- Global groundwater modeling: Proof-of-concept of 3D variably saturated flow simulation at kilometer resolution S. Kollet et al.
- Effects of grid resolution on regional modelled groundwater salinity and salt fluxes to surface water I. Farías et al.
- A global analysis of the influence of shallow and deep groundwater tables on relationships between environmental parameters and heatwaves A. Vogelbacher et al.
- DECIPHeR-GW v1: a coupled hydrological model with improved representation of surface–groundwater interactions Y. Zheng et al.
- CONCN: a high-resolution, integrated surface water–groundwater ParFlow modeling platform of continental China C. Yang et al.
- Mapping groundwater-dependent ecosystems using a high-resolution global groundwater model N. Otoo et al.
- Development of a global 5 arcmin groundwater model (H08-GMv1.0): model setup and steady-state simulation Q. He et al.
- Towards water resilience: A multi-stage calibration framework for large-scale integrated surface–subsurface hydrological models L. Sandoval et al.
- Groundwater leakage of an endorheic basin with extensive permafrost coverage in the western Mongolian Plateau S. Hu et al.
- Modelling Groundwater Hydrological Drought and Its Recovery Given Natural and Anthropogenic Scenarios in South America J. Vega‐Briones et al.
- Current trends and biases in groundwater modelling using the community-driven groundwater model portal (GroMoPo) D. Zamrsky et al.
- Historic assessment of groundwater sustainability B. Marinelli et al.
- Delineation of the Optimal Groundwater Recharge Zone in Taif Basin, Western Saudi Arabia: Implication for Groundwater Sustainability M. Benaafi et al.
- GCSD: A comprehensive coastal indicators database for global coastal sustainable development assessment J. Zuo et al.
- 20 years of trials and insights: bridging legacy and next generation in ParFlow and Land Surface Model Coupling C. Yang et al.
- Balancing agricultural expansion and groundwater sustainability: Insights from GRACE and hydrological models C. Xu et al.
- Uncertainty in model estimates of global groundwater depth R. Reinecke et al.
- Modeling decadal snow and ice dynamics and their hydrological impacts in the Balkhash Lake Basin, Central Asia G. Guojing et al.
- Estimating groundwater volume loss using GRACE(FO) and InSAR observations for the subsiding area of Bandung Basin, Indonesia B. Bramanto et al.
- Built-Up Fraction and Residential Expansion Under Hydrologic Constraints: Quantifying Effects of Terrain, Groundwater and Vegetation Root Depth on Urbanization in Kunming, China C. Shen et al.
- Tackling water table depth modeling via machine learning: From proxy observations to verifiability J. Janssen et al.
- Groundwater stress in Europe—assessing uncertainties in future groundwater discharge alterations due to water abstractions and climate change L. Söller et al.
- A prototype hyper-resolution groundwater digital twin for the contiguous United States: integrating physics-based modeling, machine learning, and observations Y. Ma et al.
- Dual effects on vegetation caused by urban expansion in global drylands: Insights from the enhanced vegetation disturbance index T. Qi et al.
- Subterranean environments contribute to three‐quarters of classified ecosystem services S. Mammola et al.
- A global dataset of average specific yield for soils M. Lv et al.
- Explainable machine learning ensembles for identifying groundwater dependent ecosystems and key features J. Liu et al.
- Long-term hydro-economic analysis tool for evaluating global groundwater cost and supply: Superwell v1.1 H. Niazi et al.
33 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Using random forests to explore the feasibility of groundwater knowledge transfer between the contiguous US and Denmark Y. Ma et al.
- Three-dimensional identification and attribution of flash and slow agricultural droughts in the North China Plain Y. Ding et al.
- Global estimates of groundwater withdrawal trends and uncertainties S. Nazari et al.
- A coupled land use change-ecohydrological model for multi-seasonal arid agricultural systems: an Egyptian case study A. Sattar et al.
- Hyper-resolution large-scale hydrological modelling benefits from improved process representation in mountain regions J. Janzing et al.
- Global groundwater modeling: Proof-of-concept of 3D variably saturated flow simulation at kilometer resolution S. Kollet et al.
- Effects of grid resolution on regional modelled groundwater salinity and salt fluxes to surface water I. Farías et al.
- A global analysis of the influence of shallow and deep groundwater tables on relationships between environmental parameters and heatwaves A. Vogelbacher et al.
- DECIPHeR-GW v1: a coupled hydrological model with improved representation of surface–groundwater interactions Y. Zheng et al.
- CONCN: a high-resolution, integrated surface water–groundwater ParFlow modeling platform of continental China C. Yang et al.
- Mapping groundwater-dependent ecosystems using a high-resolution global groundwater model N. Otoo et al.
- Development of a global 5 arcmin groundwater model (H08-GMv1.0): model setup and steady-state simulation Q. He et al.
- Towards water resilience: A multi-stage calibration framework for large-scale integrated surface–subsurface hydrological models L. Sandoval et al.
- Groundwater leakage of an endorheic basin with extensive permafrost coverage in the western Mongolian Plateau S. Hu et al.
- Modelling Groundwater Hydrological Drought and Its Recovery Given Natural and Anthropogenic Scenarios in South America J. Vega‐Briones et al.
- Current trends and biases in groundwater modelling using the community-driven groundwater model portal (GroMoPo) D. Zamrsky et al.
- Historic assessment of groundwater sustainability B. Marinelli et al.
- Delineation of the Optimal Groundwater Recharge Zone in Taif Basin, Western Saudi Arabia: Implication for Groundwater Sustainability M. Benaafi et al.
- GCSD: A comprehensive coastal indicators database for global coastal sustainable development assessment J. Zuo et al.
- 20 years of trials and insights: bridging legacy and next generation in ParFlow and Land Surface Model Coupling C. Yang et al.
- Balancing agricultural expansion and groundwater sustainability: Insights from GRACE and hydrological models C. Xu et al.
- Uncertainty in model estimates of global groundwater depth R. Reinecke et al.
- Modeling decadal snow and ice dynamics and their hydrological impacts in the Balkhash Lake Basin, Central Asia G. Guojing et al.
- Estimating groundwater volume loss using GRACE(FO) and InSAR observations for the subsiding area of Bandung Basin, Indonesia B. Bramanto et al.
- Built-Up Fraction and Residential Expansion Under Hydrologic Constraints: Quantifying Effects of Terrain, Groundwater and Vegetation Root Depth on Urbanization in Kunming, China C. Shen et al.
- Tackling water table depth modeling via machine learning: From proxy observations to verifiability J. Janssen et al.
- Groundwater stress in Europe—assessing uncertainties in future groundwater discharge alterations due to water abstractions and climate change L. Söller et al.
- A prototype hyper-resolution groundwater digital twin for the contiguous United States: integrating physics-based modeling, machine learning, and observations Y. Ma et al.
- Dual effects on vegetation caused by urban expansion in global drylands: Insights from the enhanced vegetation disturbance index T. Qi et al.
- Subterranean environments contribute to three‐quarters of classified ecosystem services S. Mammola et al.
- A global dataset of average specific yield for soils M. Lv et al.
- Explainable machine learning ensembles for identifying groundwater dependent ecosystems and key features J. Liu et al.
- Long-term hydro-economic analysis tool for evaluating global groundwater cost and supply: Superwell v1.1 H. Niazi et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 Apr 2026
Short summary
This paper presents the parallel PCR-GLOBWB global-scale groundwater model at 30 arcsec resolution (~1 km at the Equator). Named GLOBGM v1.0, this model is a follow-up of the 5 arcmin (~10 km) model, aiming for a higher-resolution simulation of worldwide fresh groundwater reserves under climate change and excessive pumping. For a long transient simulation using a parallel prototype of MODFLOW 6, we show that our implementation is efficient for a relatively low number of processor cores.
This paper presents the parallel PCR-GLOBWB global-scale groundwater model at 30 arcsec...