Articles | Volume 17, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2583-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2583-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Model experiment description paper
| 
09 Apr 2024
Model experiment description paper |
| 09 Apr 2024
| 09 Apr 2024
G6-1.5K-SAI: a new Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) experiment integrating recent advances in solar radiation modification studies
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Alan Robock
Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Jim Haywood
Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Matthew Henry
College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Simone Tilmes
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Douglas G. MacMartin
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Ben Kravitz
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
Sarah J. Doherty
CICOES (Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
John Moore
Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
Chris Lennard
Climate System Analysis Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Shingo Watanabe
Japan Agency for Marine–Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Helene Muri
Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Industrial Ecology Programme, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Ulrike Niemeier
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Olivier Boucher
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Sorbonne Université/CNRS, Paris, France
Abu Syed
Centre for Rediscovered and Redefined Natural Resources Research and Education (C4RE), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Temitope S. Egbebiyi
Dept. of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Roland Séférian
CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo‐France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Ilaria Quaglia
Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Cited
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impacts of Solar Radiation Modification on Extreme Climate Indices in the Philippines P. Jaranilla-Sanchez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14090173
- The effects of solar radiation modification on solar and wind resource and power generation in the Caribbean M. Williams et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325226
- 平流层气溶胶注入地球工程实施与终止对中国极端气候的影响 昊. 张 et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/SSTe-2025-0201
- Using optimization tools to explore stratospheric aerosol injection strategies E. Brody et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1325-2025
- Emulating inconsistencies in stratospheric aerosol injection J. Farley et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad519c
- Impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection geoengineering deployment and termination on extreme climate events in China H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-025-1886-7
- Energetic constraints on tropical precipitation changes under stratospheric aerosol geoengineering: a topical review A. Xavier et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae6714
- Kicking the can down the road: understanding the effects of delaying the deployment of stratospheric aerosol injection E. Brody et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad53f3
- Assessing the impact of solar climate intervention on future U.S. weather using a convection-permitting WRF model L. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2239-2026
- World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research J. Haywood et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479
- G6-1.5K-MCB: Marine Cloud Brightening scenario design for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) in CESM2.1, E3SMv2.0, and UKESM1.1 H. Hirasawa et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3257-2026
- Practical paths to risk-risk analysis of solar radiation modification T. Felgenhauer et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgaf012
- The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) contribution to CMIP7 – description of new experimental protocols and preliminary results D. Visioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-8469-2026
- A fully coupled solid-particle microphysics scheme for stratospheric aerosol injections within the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7767-2024
- Middle atmosphere chemical and dynamical effects in the CCMI-2022 stratospheric aerosol injection scenario A. Jörimann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11207-2026
- Potential effects of climate change and solar radiation modification on renewable energy resources A. Kumler et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114934
- Peak shaving with solar radiation modification would shorten global temperature overshoot L. Boselius et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgaf013
- Solar radiation modification in Asia: Current progress, knowledge gaps and future priorities H. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.07.005
- The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP7 (ScenarioMIP-CMIP7) D. Van Vuuren et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2627-2026
- An evolving Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 7 (CMIP7) and Fast Track in support of future climate assessment J. Dunne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6671-2025
- Exploring divergent long-term stratospheric aerosol injection scenarios with the G2-SAI and ARISE-hybrid experiments W. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1117-2026
- Stratospheric aerosol perturbation by tropospheric biomass burning and deep convection X. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01821-1
- A protocol for model intercomparison of impacts of marine cloud brightening climate intervention P. Rasch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7963-2024
- Evaluating the impacts of localized artificial enhancement of sea ice albedo over Beaufort Gyre towards restoring Arctic Sea Ice D. Ivanova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104657
- Stratospheric ozone projections under sulfur-based stratospheric aerosol injection: Insights from the multi-model G6-1.5K-SAI experiment E. Bednarz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12751-2026
- Impact of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering implemented only in the winter hemispheres on the ITCZ and tropical monsoon regions T. Kallihosur & G. Bala https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ae7200
- The global climate response to High-Latitude Low-Altitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (HiLLA-SAI) A. Duffey et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-353-2026
- Accounting for transience in the baseline climate state changes the surface climate response attributed to stratospheric aerosol injection A. Duffey & P. Irvine https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad9f91
- G6-1.5K-SAI and G6sulfur: changes in impacts and uncertainty depending on stratospheric aerosol injection strategy in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project W. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7463-2026
- Bringing it all together: science priorities for improved understanding of Earth system change and to support international climate policy C. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1319-2024
- How does the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injection affect the climate in UKESM1? M. Henry et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13253-2024
- Air quality impacts of stratospheric aerosol injections are likely small and mainly driven by changes in climate, not aerosol settling C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1339-2026
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impacts of Solar Radiation Modification on Extreme Climate Indices in the Philippines P. Jaranilla-Sanchez et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14090173
- The effects of solar radiation modification on solar and wind resource and power generation in the Caribbean M. Williams et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325226
- 平流层气溶胶注入地球工程实施与终止对中国极端气候的影响 昊. 张 et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/SSTe-2025-0201
- Using optimization tools to explore stratospheric aerosol injection strategies E. Brody et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-1325-2025
- Emulating inconsistencies in stratospheric aerosol injection J. Farley et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad519c
- Impacts of stratospheric aerosol injection geoengineering deployment and termination on extreme climate events in China H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-025-1886-7
- Energetic constraints on tropical precipitation changes under stratospheric aerosol geoengineering: a topical review A. Xavier et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae6714
- Kicking the can down the road: understanding the effects of delaying the deployment of stratospheric aerosol injection E. Brody et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad53f3
- Assessing the impact of solar climate intervention on future U.S. weather using a convection-permitting WRF model L. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2239-2026
- World Climate Research Programme lighthouse activity: an assessment of major research gaps in solar radiation modification research J. Haywood et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1507479
- G6-1.5K-MCB: Marine Cloud Brightening scenario design for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) in CESM2.1, E3SMv2.0, and UKESM1.1 H. Hirasawa et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3257-2026
- Practical paths to risk-risk analysis of solar radiation modification T. Felgenhauer et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgaf012
- The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) contribution to CMIP7 – description of new experimental protocols and preliminary results D. Visioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-8469-2026
- A fully coupled solid-particle microphysics scheme for stratospheric aerosol injections within the aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOL-AERv2 S. Vattioni et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7767-2024
- Middle atmosphere chemical and dynamical effects in the CCMI-2022 stratospheric aerosol injection scenario A. Jörimann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-11207-2026
- Potential effects of climate change and solar radiation modification on renewable energy resources A. Kumler et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114934
- Peak shaving with solar radiation modification would shorten global temperature overshoot L. Boselius et al. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfclm/kgaf013
- Solar radiation modification in Asia: Current progress, knowledge gaps and future priorities H. Tang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2026.07.005
- The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP7 (ScenarioMIP-CMIP7) D. Van Vuuren et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-2627-2026
- An evolving Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 7 (CMIP7) and Fast Track in support of future climate assessment J. Dunne et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-6671-2025
- Exploring divergent long-term stratospheric aerosol injection scenarios with the G2-SAI and ARISE-hybrid experiments W. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-1117-2026
- Stratospheric aerosol perturbation by tropospheric biomass burning and deep convection X. Shen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01821-1
- A protocol for model intercomparison of impacts of marine cloud brightening climate intervention P. Rasch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-7963-2024
- Evaluating the impacts of localized artificial enhancement of sea ice albedo over Beaufort Gyre towards restoring Arctic Sea Ice D. Ivanova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104657
- Stratospheric ozone projections under sulfur-based stratospheric aerosol injection: Insights from the multi-model G6-1.5K-SAI experiment E. Bednarz et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12751-2026
- Impact of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering implemented only in the winter hemispheres on the ITCZ and tropical monsoon regions T. Kallihosur & G. Bala https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ae7200
- The global climate response to High-Latitude Low-Altitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (HiLLA-SAI) A. Duffey et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-17-353-2026
- Accounting for transience in the baseline climate state changes the surface climate response attributed to stratospheric aerosol injection A. Duffey & P. Irvine https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad9f91
- G6-1.5K-SAI and G6sulfur: changes in impacts and uncertainty depending on stratospheric aerosol injection strategy in the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project W. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-7463-2026
- Bringing it all together: science priorities for improved understanding of Earth system change and to support international climate policy C. Jones et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-15-1319-2024
- How does the latitude of stratospheric aerosol injection affect the climate in UKESM1? M. Henry et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13253-2024
- Air quality impacts of stratospheric aerosol injections are likely small and mainly driven by changes in climate, not aerosol settling C. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1339-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 20 Sep 2026
Short summary
This paper describes a new experimental protocol for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). In it, we describe the details of a new simulation of sunlight reflection using the stratospheric aerosols that climate models are supposed to run, and we explain the reasons behind each choice we made when defining the protocol.
This paper describes a new experimental protocol for the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison...
