Articles | Volume 16, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-907-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-907-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Development and technical paper
| 
06 Feb 2023
Development and technical paper |
| 06 Feb 2023
| 06 Feb 2023
The pseudo-global-warming (PGW) approach: methodology, software package PGW4ERA5 v1.1, validation, and sensitivity analyses
Roman Brogli
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
SRF Meteo, 8052 Zurich, Switzerland
Christoph Heim
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Jonas Mensch
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
Silje Lund Sørland
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
NORCE, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway
Christoph Schär
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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- The future extreme precipitation systems of orographically locked diurnal convection: the benefits of using large-eddy simulation ensembles W. Chen et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad557d
- A storyline analysis of Hurricane Irma’s precipitation under various levels of climate warming A. Huprikar et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad0c89
- Climate Change Response of Tropical Atlantic Clouds in a Kilometer‐Resolution Model C. Heim & C. Schär 10.1029/2023JD038947
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- Extreme windstorms in the Northeastern USA in the contemporary and future climate X. Zhou et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-07012-1
- Impacts of climate trends on the heavy precipitation event associated with Typhoon Doksuri in Northern China Z. Yan et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107816
- Global patterns of rain-on-snow and its impacts on runoff from past to future projections F. Maina & S. Kumar 10.1038/s41467-025-59855-3
- Climate change effects on the localized heavy rainfall event in northern Japan in 2022: Uncertainties in a pseudo-global warming approach R. Tahara et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107780
- The European summer heatwave of 2019 – a regional storyline perspective T. Klimiuk et al. 10.5194/esd-16-239-2025
- Impact of climate change under the RCP8.5 emission scenario on multivariable agroclimatic indices in Western Canada from convection-permitting climate simulation R. Agyeman et al. 10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100408
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- Application of the Pseudo‐Global Warming Approach in a Kilometer‐Resolution Climate Simulation of the Tropics C. Heim et al. 10.1029/2022JD037958
- Anticipating how rain-on-snow events will change through the 21st century: lessons from the 1997 new year’s flood event A. Rhoades et al. 10.1007/s00382-024-07351-7
- Tropical cyclone simulation models for resilience engineering – A review Y. Shi et al. 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.105042
- Fast Warming Over the Mongolian Plateau a Catalyst for Extreme Rainfall Over North China J. Gu et al. 10.1029/2024GL113737
- Western Europe’s extreme July 2019 heatwave in a warmer world H. de Vries et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/ad519f
- Sea level and temperature extremes in a regulated Lagoon of Venice C. Ferrarin et al. 10.3389/fclim.2023.1330388
- Anthropogenic warming degrades spring air quality in Northeast Asia by enhancing atmospheric stability and transboundary transport Y. Ryu & S. Min 10.1038/s41612-024-00603-7
- A new vision of the Adriatic Dense Water future under extreme warming C. Denamiel et al. 10.5194/os-21-37-2025
- Climate change dominates over urbanization in tropical cyclone rainfall patterns Z. Deng et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02048-z
- Climate change aggravated wildfire behaviour in the Iberian Peninsula in recent years M. Senande-Rivera et al. 10.1038/s41612-025-00906-3
- Climate change reduces the wind chill hazard across Alaska T. Kim et al. 10.1038/s43247-025-02193-5
- Climate nowcasting A. Gettelman et al. 10.1088/2752-5295/adc327
- Climate projections of the Adriatic Sea: role of river release G. Verri et al. 10.3389/fclim.2024.1368413
- How Could Future Climate Conditions Reshape a Devastating Lake‐Effect Snow Storm? M. Kayastha et al. 10.1029/2024EF004622
- Storylines reveal contrasting thermodynamic effects of climate change on 2020/21 East Asian cold extremes W. Zhuo et al. 10.1038/s41612-025-01031-x
- Dynamical Downscaling of Climate Simulations in the Tropics S. Liu et al. 10.1029/2023GL105733
- A review on convection-permitting modeling of extreme precipitation H. Yu et al. 10.1360/TB-2024-1061
Latest update: 29 May 2025
Short summary
The pseudo-global-warming (PGW) approach is a downscaling methodology that imposes the large-scale GCM-based climate change signal on the boundary conditions of a regional climate simulation. It offers several benefits in comparison to conventional downscaling. We present a detailed description of the methodology, provide companion software to facilitate the preparation of PGW simulations, and present validation and sensitivity studies.
The pseudo-global-warming (PGW) approach is a downscaling methodology that imposes the...
